History
In 1873, the Socialists of Milwaukee demanded that Wisconsin implement a new bureau to track industrial and labor statistics within the state. They pushed for this to be adopted into the platform of the Democratic Party of Wisconsin that year, but were not successful.
The idea re-emerged in 1881 and 1882, when attempts were made in the Wisconsin Legislature to pass legislation which would create such an agency. Finally, in 1883, Governor Jeremiah McLain Rusk, in his second annual message to the Legislature, endorsed the idea of a new state bureau to track industrial, agricultural, and labor statistics, saying, "The time has arrived when means should be provided for gathering accurate monthly crop and livestock reports during the growing season, and complete labor statistics, and their prompt circulation among the people. For this purpose I would recommend that you provide for a state bureau of agricultural and labor statistics." The idea was popular with farmers as well as industrial workers, and was enacted in part during that session with the passage of 1883 Wisconsin Act 319, an Act to Create a Bureau of Labor Statistics. Later that year, Rusk appointed Wisconsin's first Labor Commissioner, Frank A. Flower. [5]
In 1884, the Bureau published its first report, with the results of safety-related questions such as: "What height are your buildings; are they wood, brick or stone? Have you fire escapes? What kind? Have you apparatus for extinguishing fires?" This was followed, in 1887, with Wisconsin's first industrial safety law, which required fences or guards around gears, shafts, bull-wheels, and pulleys, (1887 Wisc. Act 46) and, in 1889, legislation raised the minimum age of employment from 12 to 13 (1889 Wisc. Act 519). [5]
In 1909, led by state senator Theodore W. Brazeau, the first attempt was made in the Legislature to pass workers' compensation. The legislation did not pass in this session, but a joint legislative committee was established to study the problem. [5]
In 1911, the Wisconsin Bureau of Labor Statistics was replaced by the Wisconsin Industrial Commission. Governor Francis E. McGovern appointed Joseph D. Beck as the first head of the commission, with commissioners John R. Commons and Charles H. Crownhart. The new commissioners were instrumental in a series of new legislation regulating hours, wages, and employment conditions. They established free employment services in Milwaukee, Superior, La Crosse, and Oshkosh. They passed the nation's first modern apprenticeship law, incorporating area vocational schools, training 625 apprentices in the first year. One of the capstone achievements of this first Industrial Commission was the nation's first Workmen's Compensation Act in the state constitution, which guaranteed injury compensation as a legal right (1911 Wisc. Act 50). The constitutionality of the act was later upheld by the Wisconsin Supreme Court and the Supreme Court of the United States. [5]
In 1913, Wisconsin passed one of the first minimum wage laws in the United States, requiring that a "living wage" must be paid to any employed woman or minor. A similar law in Oregon was challenged in the Supreme Court, but after it was allowed to go into effect, the Wisconsin Industrial Commission moved ahead with enforcing its living wage statute in 1919 with an initial living wage set at 22 cents. [5]
In 1920, the commission hired Arthur J. Altmeyer as its chief statistician. In 1922, under Governor John J. Blaine, Altmeyer became the Secretary of the Industrial Commission; he would serve under the next four governors. Altmeyer, working with Governor Philip La Follette, achieved passage of the nation's first unemployment compensation law. In 1933, Altmeyer was enlisted by new U.S. President Franklin Roosevelt to work on the President's Committee on Economic Security, where he would eventually become the first Commissioner of the Social Security Administration. President Roosevelt would later refer to Altmeyer as the "Father" of Social Security. [5]
Wisconsin issued its first unemployment compensation insurance August 17, 1936, to Neils N. Ruud for $15. Ruud sold the check to Paul Raushenush for $25 for its historical value. The check is now held by the Wisconsin Historical Society. [5]
In 1937, Wisconsin created the Wisconsin Labor Relations Board, the predecessor to the current Wisconsin Employment Relations Commission. [5]
In 1945, Wisconsin passed the Wisconsin Fair Employment Act (WFEA) (1945 Wisc. Act 490) and became one of the first three states to prohibit employment discrimination on the basis of race, religion, color, national origin, or ancestry. Additional protections were added to the statute over time: [5]
- in 1959, protections were added for workers over age 40
- in 1961, for discrimination based on gender
- in 1965, Wisconsin was the first state to outlaw employment discrimination on the basis of handicap or disability
- in 1977, protections were added against discrimination absed on criminal record
- 1982 saw a prohibition on discrimination on the basis marital status, and saw Wisconsin become the first state to ban employment discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation
- and in 1987, protections were added for members of the armed forces
In 1945, the Apprenticeship Division of the Industrial Commission also became the state approval agency for veterans enrolling in training under the G.I. Bill. [5]
In 1967, a state commission under William R. Kellett, which had been appointed by Governor Warren P. Knowles, recommended the consolidation of labor-related state government functions under a new agency known as the Department of Industry, Labor & Human Relations (DILHR). [5]
Following the passage of Social Security amendments in 1967, Wisconsin became the first state in the country to establish Work Incentive (WIN) programs in every county. The Work Incentive program in Wisconsin was an important predecessor to the Wisconsin Works program of the 1990s, which became a model for other welfare-to-work programs in the U.S. and elsewhere. [5]
The Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA), passed in 1970, allowed the DILHR to conclude their own job safety inspections for private industries. However the Department would continue to enforce occupational safety and health codes for public employees until 1982, as these jobs were not yet covered under OSHA. [5]
In 1988, the Legislature enacted the Wisconsin Family and Medical Leave Act, five years before the federal version passed. That same year, the Wisconsin Job Service launched the Job Service Resume System, becoming the first state to link multiple states in a resume service. Additional states were eventually added to the program, and, eventually, it was adopted by the United States Department of Labor as America's Job Bank. [5]
In 1994, Governor Tommy Thompson's Work First initiative attempts to divert more applicants from Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) to employment opportunities. AFDC was officially ended in Wisconsin in 1998 with the transition to Wisconsin Works (W-2). The Wisconsin Works program received an Innovations In American Government Award from the Ford Foundation in 1999. [5]
Also in 1994, DILHR became one of the first state agencies to establish a presence on the internet, seeing it as a new avenue to provide job services, information, and assistance to the public. This was followed, in 1997, by the Business Resource Network, a website to help Wisconsin businesses find useful information. JobNet, a web-based system for matching applicants to employment opportunities began operation in 1996. Between 1995 and 1996, Wisconsin closed nearly all of its local unemployment offices and became the first state in the nation to implement a telephone-based claims system. [5]
In 1996, the Department of Workforce Development replaced DILHR. [5]
2015 saw the introduction of the new Job Center of Wisconsin (JCW) website and the online Re-employment Services portal, for unemployment insurance claims management. [5]
