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The Angolan Civil War was a civil war in Angola, beginning in 1975 and continuing, with interludes, until 2002. The war began immediately after Angola became independent from Portugal in November 1975. It was a power struggle between two former anti-colonial guerrilla movements, the communist People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) and the anti-communist National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA).
The Battle of Cuito Cuanavale was fought intermittently between 14 August 1987 and 23 March 1988, south and east of Cuito Cuanavale, Angola, by the People's Armed Forces for the Liberation of Angola (FAPLA) and Cuba against South Africa and the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) during the Angolan Civil War and South African Border War. The battle was the largest engagement of the Angolan conflict and the biggest conventional battle on the African continent since World War II. UNITA and its South African allies defeated a major FAPLA offensive towards Mavinga, preserving the former's control of southern Angola. They proceeded to launch a failed counteroffensive on FAPLA defensive positions around the Tumpo River east of Cuito Cuanavale.
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United Nations Security Council resolution 1213, adopted unanimously on 3 December 1998, after reaffirming Resolution 696 (1991) and all subsequent resolutions on Angola, including resolutions 846 (1993), 1127 (1997) and 1173 (1998), the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Observer Mission in Angola (MONUA) for a final time until 26 February 1999.
United Nations Security Council resolution 1219, adopted unanimously on 31 December 1998, after reaffirming Resolution 696 (1991) and all subsequent resolutions on Angola, particularly resolutions 1202 (1998) and 1213 (1998), the Council condemned the absence of actions to determine the fate of crew and passengers aboard United Nations Flight 806 which crashed on 26 December 1998.
United Nations Security Council resolution 1221, adopted unanimously on 12 January 1999, after reaffirming Resolution 696 (1991) and all subsequent resolutions on Angola, particularly resolutions 1196 (1998) and 1219 (1998), the Council condemned the downing of two commercial planes over UNITA-controlled territory in Angola and demanded that UNITA leader Jonas Savimbi co-operate in the search for survivors of the recent plane crashes.
The Cabinda War is an ongoing separatist insurgency, waged by the Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda (FLEC) against the government of Angola. FLEC aims at the restoration of the self-proclaimed Republic of Cabinda, located within the borders of the Cabinda province of Angola.
References
- Notes
- ↑ "Train bombing signals new UNITA offensive in Angola". Wsws.org. 2009-01-13. Retrieved 2010-03-21.
- ↑ ICtBL 2002 , p. 66
- ↑ Riley 2004 , p. 5
- ↑ Osmańczyk & Mango 2003 , p. 96
- 1 2 "Africa | Angola train toll rises". BBC News. 2001-08-12. Retrieved 2010-03-21.
- ↑ "Angola: Security Council members condemn 'terrorist' UNITA train attack". Un.org. 2001-08-16. Retrieved 2010-03-21.
- ↑ "AFRICA | Rebels claim Angolan train attack". BBC News. 2001-08-13. Retrieved 2010-03-21.
- Bibliography
- ICtBL (2002). Landmine monitor report 2002: toward a mine-free world (2002 ed.). Human Rights Watch. ISBN 1-56432-277-7.- Total pages: 922
- Osmańczyk, Edmund Jan; Mango, Anthony (2003). Encyclopedia of the United Nations and International Agreements: A to F (2003 ed.). Taylor & Francis. ISBN 0-415-93921-6.- Total pages: 2941
- Riley, Jack (March 2004). "Terrorism and Rail Security". RAND Corporation . docstoc.com: 1–14. Retrieved March 25, 2010.
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