300s (decade)

Last updated

The 300s decade ran from January 1, 300, to December 31, 309.

Contents

Events

300

By place

Roman Empire
  • Emperor Diocletian begins construction of a palace that will become the city of Split (approximate date). Diocletian, who plans on abdicating, intends to use this palace as his place of retirement.
  • Caesar Constantius I wins a victory over the Franks (approximate date).
Asia
Africa
Mesoamerica

By topic

Art and Science
Religion

301

By place

Roman Empire
Armenia
Europe
Asia

302

By place

Roman Empire
  • Emperor Diocletian persecutes the Manichaeans, accusing them of being a Persian fifth column.
  • Caesar Galerius wins his second victory over the Carpi.
  • An invasion of Gaul by the Alemannic Lingones almost traps Caesar Constantius I between the enemy and the walls of a town. Constantius himself is carried onto the wall via a crane. However, within the same day, Constantius sallies forth from the walls and defeats the enemy in a major battle.
Persia

By topic

Art and Science
Religion

303

By place

Roman Empire
Armenia
America

By topic

Religion

304

By place

Roman Empire
  • Caesar Galerius, perhaps accompanied by Emperor Diocletian, wins his fourth and final victory over the Carpi. Many of the surviving Carpi and Bastarnae are resettled in the Roman Empire, where they are split up. The Bastarnae are not attested after this time, and the Carpi are attested only once more in the 310s.
  • Diocletian, while inspecting the Danube border, becomes seriously ill.
  • Caesar Constantius I besieges a Germanic raiding force on an island in the Rhine and forces their surrender.
Asia

By topic

Religion

305

By place

Roman Empire
Asia
  • The Daysan River floods Edessa.

By topic

Commerce
  • Landowners dominate the Roman Empire, and enjoy the title of senator, which exempts them from the crushing taxes imposed on the rest of the population. The Senate has lost all its power and the landowners almost never attend Senate sessions. Members of municipal senates ( curiales or decuriones ) are charged with the responsibility of collecting taxes and paying arrears; smaller landowners are held responsible for providing recruits for the Roman army, and with keeping wastelands under cultivation.
Religion

306

By place

Roman Empire
Asia

By topic

Religion

307

By place

Roman Empire
  • Winter: Emperor Galerius wins his second victory over the Sarmatians.
  • Galerius sends Valerius Severus with the army of northern Italy, to suppress the rebellion in Rome. However, faced with their former emperor Maximian, the soldiers desert him, and Severus flees to Ravenna. Maximian besieges Severus in Ravenna, who then surrenders. Maxentius makes Severus a hostage, in an attempt to keep Galerius at bay.
  • Summer: Anticipating an offensive by Galerius, Maximian travels to Gaul to make an alliance with Constantine I.
  • Late summer or autumn: Galerius invades Italy but Maxentius remains behind the walls of Rome. Galerius finds he cannot besiege the city, and the image of an emperor making efforts against Rome hurts Galerius' image among the troops. The fact that Maxentius is his son-in-law does not help, and Maxentius makes an effort to bribe Galerius' troops. Galerius unsuccessfully attempts to negotiate, and recognizing Maxentius' attempts at bribery and the danger of being trapped in Italy by Maximian and Constantine, Galerius chooses to withdraw from Italy. To satiate his troops during the withdrawal, he pillages the Italian countryside. Meanwhile, Maxentius executes Severus.
  • December: Constantine marries Maximian's daughter Fausta, and is promoted to Augustus by Maximian.
  • Near the end of the year, Galerius gives his wife (Diocletian's daughter) Galeria Valeria the title of Augusta.
China

308

By place

Roman Empire
  • Winter: Emperor Galerius wins his third and final victory over the Sarmatians.
  • April: In Rome, Emperor Maximian attempts to depose his son Maxentius, but the soldiers in Rome side with Maxentius and force Maximian to flee to the court of Constantine I.
  • The overthrow of Maximian prompts the soldiers of Roman Africa to prop up the vicarius of Africa, Domitius Alexander, as a usurper.
  • Constantine raids the territory of the Bructeri and builds a bridge across the Rhine at Cologne.
  • November 11 The Conference of Carnuntum: Attempting to keep peace within the Roman Empire, Galerius recalls Diocletian briefly from retirement, and they convene with Maximian. Diocletian persuades Maximian to return to retirement, and he and Galerius declare Maxentius a public enemy. Licinius is proclaimed Augustus of the west, while rival contender Constantine I is again declared Caesar.
  • Bereft of his father's support, Maxentius increasingly presents himself as the Conservator Urbis Suae (Preserver of His Own City). Construction of the Basilica of Maxentius (or Basilica Nova), the largest building in the Roman Forum, is begun.
  • Maxentius institutes toleration of the Christians in his territories.
Asia

By topic

Religion

309

By place

Roman Empire
Persia
  • King Hormizd II, ruler of the Sassanid Empire, demands that the king of the Ghassanids pays tribute. After the king refuses, Hormizd invades Ghassanid territory. The Ghassanids seek aid from Maximinus Daza, but before a Roman army can arrive, Hormizd defeats the Ghassanid army and kills their king. A Ghassanid force then ambushes Hormizd's small retinue while the latter is on a hunting trip, and the Sasanian king is mortally wounded. He dies after a 7-year reign. [10]
  • Hormizd is succeeded by his infant son Shapur II following the brief reign and murder of Adur Narseh. [11]

By topic

Religion

East Asia

In Yamato (Japan), the Kofun period dominated during this decade. It was an animistic culture which existed prior the introduction of Buddhism. A legend of the 4th century Prince Yamato Takeru alludes to the borders of the Yamato and battlegrounds in the area. A frontier was obviously somewhere close to the later Izumo province (the eastern part of today's Shimane Prefecture). Another frontier, in Kyūshū, was apparently somewhere north of today's Kumamoto prefecture. The legend specifically states that there was an eastern land in Honshū "whose people disobeyed the imperial court", against whom Yamato Takeru was sent to fight. That rivalling country may have been located rather close to the Yamato nucleus area itself, or relatively far away. The today Kai province is mentioned as one of the locations where prince Yamato Takeru sojourned in his said military expedition.

Northern frontier of this age was also explained in Kojiki as the legend of Shido Shōgun's (四道将軍: Shōguns to four ways) expedition. Out of four shōguns, Ōbiko set northward to Koshi and his son Take Nunakawawake set to eastern states. The father moved east from northern Koshi while the son moved north on his way, and they finally met at Aizu (current western Fukushima). Although the legend itself is not likely to be a historical fact, Aizu is rather close to southern Tōhoku, where the north end of keyhole kofun culture as of late 4th century is located.

Significant people

Births

300

301

302

303

305

306

307

308

309

Deaths

300

301

302

303

Saint George of Lydda Hans Suss von Kulmbach (zugeschr.) - Heiliger Georg.jpg
Saint George of Lydda

304

Pope Marcellinus Marcellinus.jpg
Pope Marcellinus
Saint Anastasia Saint Anastasia.jpg
Saint Anastasia

305

306

Saint Theodore of Amasea Theodore Tyro.jpg
Saint Theodore of Amasea
Saints Adrian and Natalia of Nicomedia Agnatalia.jpg
Saints Adrian and Natalia of Nicomedia
Constantius Chlorus Const.chlorus01 pushkin.jpg
Constantius Chlorus
Saint Maginus Statue of Saint Maginus (Sant Magi) - Santa Maria del Mar - Barcelona 2014.jpg
Saint Maginus

307

Severus II Follis-Flavius Valerius Severus-trier RIC 650a.jpg
Severus II

308

309

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Constantine the Great</span> Roman emperor from AD 306 to 337

Constantine I, also known as Constantine the Great, was Roman emperor from AD 306 to 337. He was the first emperor to convert to Christianity. Born in Naissus, Dacia Mediterranea, he was the son of Flavius Constantius, a Roman army officer of Illyrian origin who had been one of the four rulers of the Tetrarchy. His mother, Helena, was a Greek woman of low birth and a Christian. Later canonized as a saint, she is traditionally attributed with the conversion of her son. Constantine served with distinction under the Roman emperors Diocletian and Galerius. He began his career by campaigning in the eastern provinces before being recalled in the west to fight alongside his father in the province of Britannia. After his father's death in 306, Constantine was acclaimed as augustus (emperor) by his army at Eboracum. He eventually emerged victorious in the civil wars against emperors Maxentius and Licinius to become the sole ruler of the Roman Empire by 324.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tetrarchy</span> Roman system of power division among four rulers

The Tetrarchy was the system instituted by Roman emperor Diocletian in 293 AD to govern the ancient Roman Empire by dividing it between two emperors, the augusti, and their junior colleagues and designated successors, the caesares.

The 310s decade ran from January 1, 310, to December 31, 319.

Year 305 (CCCV) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Constantius and Valerius. The denomination 305 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

The 290s decade ran from January 1, 290, to December 31, 299.

The 280's decade ran from January 1, 280, to December 31, 289.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">303</span> Calendar year

Year 303 (CCCIII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar. It was known in the Roman Empire as the Year of the Consulship of Diocletian and Maximian. The denomination 303 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">304</span> Calendar year

Year 304 (CCCIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar. It was known in the Roman Empire as the Year of the Consulship of Diocletian and Maximian. The denomination 304 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">306</span> Calendar year

Year 306 (CCCVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Constantius and Valerius. The denomination 306 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">308</span> Calendar year

Year 308 (CCCVIII) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar. It was known in the Roman Empire as the Year of the Consulship of Diocletian and (Galerius) Maximianus. The denomination 308 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">307</span> Calendar year

Year 307 (CCCVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Severus and Maximinus. The denomination 307 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">310</span> Calendar year

Year 310 (CCCX) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Andronicus and Probus. The denomination 310 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Constantius Chlorus</span> Roman emperor from 305 to 306

Flavius Valerius Constantius "Chlorus", also called Constantius I, was Roman emperor from 305 to 306. He was one of the four original members of the Tetrarchy established by Diocletian, first serving as caesar from 293 to 305 and then ruling as augustus until his death. Constantius was also father of Constantine the Great, the first Christian emperor of Rome. The nickname Chlorus was first popularized by Byzantine-era historians and not used during the emperor's lifetime.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Galerius</span> Roman emperor from 305 to 311

Galerius Valerius Maximianus was Roman emperor from 305 to 311. During his reign he campaigned, aided by Diocletian, against the Sasanian Empire, sacking their capital Ctesiphon in 299. He also campaigned across the Danube against the Carpi, defeating them in 297 and 300. Although he was a staunch opponent of Christianity, Galerius ended the Diocletianic Persecution when he issued an Edict of Toleration in Serdica in 311.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Maximian</span> Roman emperor from 286 to 305

Maximian, nicknamed Herculius, was Roman emperor from 286 to 305. He was Caesar from 285 to 286, then Augustus from 286 to 305. He shared the latter title with his co-emperor and superior, Diocletian, whose political brain complemented Maximian's military brawn. Maximian established his residence at Trier but spent most of his time on campaign. In late 285, he suppressed rebels in Gaul known as the Bagaudae. From 285 to 288, he fought against Germanic tribes along the Rhine frontier. Together with Diocletian, he launched a scorched earth campaign deep into Alamannic territory in 288, refortifying the frontier.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Maxentius</span> Roman emperor from 306 to 312

Marcus Aurelius Valerius Maxentius was a Roman emperor, who reigned from 306 until his death in 312. Despite ruling in Italy and North Africa, and having the recognition of the Senate in Rome, he was not recognized as a legitimate emperor by his fellow emperors.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Severus II</span> Roman emperor from 306 to 307

Flavius Valerius Severus, also called Severus II, was a Roman emperor from 306 to 307. After failing to besiege Rome, he fled to Ravenna. It is thought that he was killed there or executed near Rome.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Civil wars of the Tetrarchy</span> 306–324 wars between Roman co-emperors

The civil wars of the Tetrarchy were a series of conflicts between the co-emperors of the Roman Empire, starting from 306 AD with the usurpation of Maxentius and the defeat of Severus to the defeat of Licinius at the hands of Constantine I in 324 AD.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Conference of Carnuntum</span> 308 Conference in Carnuntum (present-day Austria)

The Conference of Carnuntum was a military conference held on November 11, 308 in the city of Carnuntum, which at the time was located in the province of Pannonia Prima. It was convened by the senior emperor of the East (Augustus) Galerius as a way to settle the dispute over the title of Augustus of the West and, consequently, to cease the ongoing conflicts since the previous year when he, and before that Severus II', invaded the Italy of Maxentius (r306-312) and Maximian. Present at the conference were Diocletian, who had been retired since 305, and Maximian.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Battle of Brescia (312)</span> 312 AD battle in the Civil Wars of the Tetrarchy

The Battle of Brescia was a confrontation that took place during the summer of 312, between the Roman emperors Constantine the Great and Maxentius in the town of Brescia, in northern Italy. Maxentius declared war on Constantine on the grounds that he wanted to avenge the death of his father Maximian, who had committed suicide after being defeated by him. Constantine would respond with a massive invasion of Italy.

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