![]() | |
Data | |
---|---|
Installed capacity (2017) | 4,086 MW |
Production (2017) | 14,671 GWh |
The electricity sector in Sri Lanka has a national grid which is primarily powered by hydroelectric power and thermal power, with sources such as photovoltaics and wind power in early stages of deployment. Although potential sites are being identified, other power sources such as geothermal, nuclear, solar thermal and wave power are not used in the power generation process for the national grid. [1]
The country is expected to achieve 75% electricity generation by renewable energy by 2025. [4]
Sri Lanka (then Ceylon) first witnessed electricity in 1882 when SS Helios docked in Colombo for a local electricity exhibition. [5]
In 1890, using a diesel generator the first electric bulb in Ceylon was lit with electricity in the Billiard Room of Bristol Hotel in Colombo, before electric lights became an established commercial product. [5]
In 1895, Messrs Boustead Bros established a small power station in Bristol Building, Fort. The power station was the first commercial power station in the country, serving a few mercantile offices, government buildings, and streets, in the Fort area. The company established Electricity Ordinance No. 5, the first Act pertaining to the supply of electricity in the country. [6]
Four years later in 1899, United Planters Company established the Colombo Electric Tramways, the first tram system in the country. In 1902, Colombo Electric Tramways and Lighting Co. Ltd. was formed, and the Pettah Power Station was established on Gas Works Street.
The Pettah Power Station served the tram network, and also served mostly mercantile offices, government buildings, and streets. Over the next three years, the electricity supply was extended to Galle Face and Kollupitiya, serving several houses.
In 1905, the Colombo Gas Company established a power station in Kandy, which was eventually taken over by the Kandy Municipal Council in 1922. In 1906, Electricity Ordinance No. 36 was passed as an amendment to Electricity Ordinance No. 5.
In 1912, the government commissioned a small hydroelectric power station at Black Pool, and inaugurated the Nuwara Eliya Electricity Scheme. In 1918, D. J. Wimalasurendra, submitted a report to the Engineering Association of Ceylon, outlining the economic viability of hydroelectricity in Ceylon.
From 1920, local authorities in at least Gampaha, Veyangoda, Ja-Ela, Peliyagoda, Kochchikade, Avissawella, and Minuwangoda started supplying electricity locally from diesel generators.
In 1927, the Department of Government Electrical Undertakings (DGEU) was established to take over and run the electricity supply business in Colombo, and extend the supply to other areas, and eventually the entire country. The three-megawatt Stanley Power Station - named after Herbert Stanley, was commissioned in 1929, supplying 16 towns by the end of the year.
In 1935, the State Council of Ceylon passed Electricity Board Establishment Ordinance No. 38 of 1935, only to be dissolved again 1937 with the re-establishment of the DGEU.
Sri Lankan gained independence on 4 February 1948.
On 30 October 1950, the Old Laxapana Power Station was finally completed, after being under development since 1924. [7] The same year, regional offices were opened in Norton Bridge, Nuwara Eliya, Diyathalawa, Panadura, Negombo, Avissawella, and Peradeniya, to decentralise the electricity works. The following year, electricity was purchased from the Kankesanthurai Cement Factory from distribution in Jaffna.[ clarification needed ]
On 1 November 1969, the current Ceylon Electricity Board (CEB) was established under Parliament Act No. 17 of 1969. To this day, the CEB oversees the development and coordination of the generation, supply, and distribution of electricity in the country. [8]
Electricity in Sri Lanka is generated using three primary sources — thermal power (which includes energy from biomass, coal, and fuel-oil), hydro power (including small hydro), and other non-conventional renewable energy sources (solar power and wind power):
Source | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hydropower | 1,293 | 1,316 | 1,326 | 1,357 | 1,379 | 1,382 | 1,401 | 1,584 | 1,628 | 1,665 | 1,684 | 1,726 | 1,745 | 1,793 |
Fuel oil | 1,115 | 1,115 | 1,115 | 1,285 | 1,290 | 1,390 | 1,390 | 1,338 | 1,335 | 1,215 | 1,115 | 1,215 | 1,233 | 1,137 |
Coal | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 300 | 300 | 300 | 900 | 900 | 900 | 900 | 900 |
Other renewables | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 15 | 45 | 50 | 90 | 99 | 152 | 148 | 176 | 208 | 216 |
Total capacity | 2,411 | 2,434 | 2,444 | 2,645 | 2,684 | 2,817 | 3,141 | 3,312 | 3,362 | 3,932 | 3,847 | 4,017 | 4,086 | 4,046 |
Source | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hydropower | 3,453 | 4,636 | 3,948 | 4,135 | 3,905 | 5,634 | 4,622 | 3,292 | 6,926 | 4,534 | 5,969 | 4,220 | 4,004 | 6,381 |
Fuel oil | 5,314 | 4,751 | 5,865 | 5,763 | 5,975 | 4,994 | 5,748 | 6,935 | 3,303 | 4,306 | 2,275 | 4,461 | 5,045 | 3,626 |
Coal | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1,038 | 1,404 | 1,469 | 3,202 | 4,443 | 5,047 | 5,103 | 4,764 |
Other renewables | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 27 | 86 | 121 | 171 | 262 | 315 | 402 | 421 | 519 | 511 |
Total generation | 8,769 | 9,389 | 9,815 | 9,901 | 9,907 | 10,714 | 11,529 | 11,802 | 11,960 | 12,357 | 13,089 | 14,149 | 14,671 | 15,282 |
Hydroelectricity is the oldest and historically the principal source of electricity generation in Sri Lanka, holding a share of 48% of the total available grid capacity in December 2013 and 58% of the power generated in 2013. [9] [ needs update ] Hydroelectric power generation has been constantly under development since the introduction of the national grid itself, but its market share is declining because suitable new sites are scarce. Currently, ten large hydroelectric power stations are in operation, with the single largest hydroelectric source being the Victoria Dam. Although a large portion of the country's hydroelectric resources is tapped, the government continues to issue small hydro development permits to the private sector, for projects up to a total installed capacity of 10 MW per project. [10]
State-run hydroelectric developments are categorized into three main geographic sectors.
![]() | This section needs to be updated.(June 2020) |
Thermal power stations in Sri Lanka now roughly match the installed hydroelectric generation capacity, with a share of nearly 49% of the available capacity in December 2013 and 40% of power generated in 2013. [9] Thermal power stations in Sri Lanka runs on diesel, other fuel oils, naptha or coal. [9] The Norocholai Coal Power Station, the only coal-fired power station in the country, was commissioned in late 2011, adding a further 300 megawatts of electrical capacity to the grid. It is currently planned to add an additional 600 MW of capacity to Norocholai in the next half decade. The second and final coal power station, [11] the Sampur Coal Power Station, is under consideration in Trincomalee and is expected to be in-service by the end of 2017. [12] On 13 September 2016 the Attorney General's Department informed the Supreme Court that the Sampur Coal fired plant has been cancelled and will not be built. [13]
The use of wind energy was seen in the country even before 500 BC. The ancient Sinhalese used the monsoon winds to power furnaces as early as 300 BC, making Sri Lanka one of the first countries in the world to use wind power. Evidence of this has been found in Anuradhapura and in other cities. [14]
The development of modern wind farms was considered by local and international developers for many years. Such developments were largely hampered due to the many obstacles faced in such developments in economics and infrastructure. The first commercial grid-connected wind farm is the 3 MW Hambantota Wind Farm, northwest of Hambantota. The country has good off-shore wind potential to meet all its electricity requirements. [15]
Unlike other power sources, power developments from this source would face many challenges during its development timeline. Poor accessibility to potential sites is the first obstacle in the development of a wind farm. Most key transport routes around the country are too narrow or have turned too tight for transportation of turbines larger than 600 KW . Constructing wind farms with turbines smaller than the current commercial-scale megawatt-class turbines would prove to be uneconomical due to the high cost incurred during development.
The country is also in a long battle against its poor power grid. The grid, apart from being unstable in most provinces, is only capable of handling a small increase in load, typically limited to a few megawatts. Provinces with poor grids, such as the power grids in the Northern, North Central and North Western provinces need a complete upgrade to support further commercial-scale developments. This factor contributes to a large percentage in development costs for wind farms constructed at such locations. The government policy limit of 10 MW per wind project also significantly decreases economies of scale, further straining such developments.
![]() | This section needs to be updated.(June 2020) |
Despite the many technical obstacles, a few developments totalling 50 MW have been proposed till September 2009. [16] In October 2009, cases were filed over political interference connected with the approving of wind projects, leading to a complete halt in the wind power industry in Sri Lanka. [17] The Ministry made allegations of wrongdoing in allocating energy licences, including the structuring of the wind power tariff. [18] There were also allegations that energy licenses are being sold, similar to how car licenses have been sold. [18]
From December 2009 to March 2010, permits for another 50 MW of projects were issued by the Sri Lanka Sustainable Energy Authority, before concerns relating to the issuing of permits were raised again, [19] [20] leading to another deadlock in the industry. As of June 2010, issuing of permits for the development of private wind farms were stopped.
In July 2010, engineers at the Ceylon Electricity Board raised further concerns regarding the approval of private wind projects with extra high tariffs, presumably some of the highest in the world. [21] A review of the wind power tariff was expected to be carried out on 12 September 2010, [22] after an agreed postponement. [23]
As of 2017, Sri Lanka has more than 100 MW in installed capacity for solar power and intends to be able to generate 1 GW installed capacity by 2025. [24]
Grid-connected solar power has only recently been introduced. The only operational commercial-scale solar-powered facility is the Buruthakanda Solar Park of 1.2 MW, operated by the Sri Lanka Sustainable Energy Authority (SLSEA). [25]
Through the Ministry of Power and Renewable Energy, Ceylon Electricity Board, and the SLSEA, the country is implementing an accelerated solar rooftop program called Soorya Bala Sangramaya (Battle for Solar Energy). The program was launched on 6 September 2016. [24]
Geothermal power is under research, although no power stations of this type are operational. [26] [27] [28]
The CEB has included a 600 MWe nuclear power plant as an option in its plans for 2031. [29]
The Sri Lankan electric transmission network consists principally of 132 kV facilities, with a 220 kV backbone connecting major inland hydroelectric generation to the capital region.
Line | No. of Ground Wires | No. of circuits | Nominal Voltage |
---|---|---|---|
Biyagama-Pannipitiya | 2 | 2 | 220kV |
Biyagama-Kotmale | 2 | 2 | 220kV |
Kelanitissa-Biyagama | 2 | 2 | 220kV |
Norochcholai-Biyagama | 2 | 2 | 220kV |
Norochcholai-New Anuradhapura | 2 | 2 | 220kV |
Kotmale-New Anuradhapura | 2 | 2 | 220kV |
Kotmale-Rantambe | 2 | 2 | 220kV |
Kolonnawa-Athurugiriya | 2 | 2 | 132kV |
Pannipitiya-Ratmalana | 2 | 2 | 132kV |
Kothmale-Kiribathkumbura | 2 | 2 | 132kV |
Kiribathkumbura-Ukuwela | 2 | 2 | 132kV |
Kiribathkumbura-Kurunagala | 1 | 2 | 132kV |
Puttalam-Madampa | 1 | 2 | 132kV |
Ukuwela-Bowatanna | 1 | 1 | 132kV |
Ukuwela-Naula | 2 | 2 | 132kV |
Naula-Habarana | 2 | 2 | 132kV |
Habarana-Old Anuradhapura | 1 | 2 | 132kV |
Old Anuradhapura-Puttalam | 2 | 2 | 132kV |
New Laxapana-Bogawanthalawa Estate | 1 | 2 | 132kV |
New Anuradhapura-Vavuni | 1 | 2 | 132kV |
Embilipitiya-Thimbolketiya | 2 | 2 | 132kV |
New Laxapana-Canyon PS | 2 | 1 | 132kV |
Old Laxapana-Polpitiya | 2 | 2 | 132kV |
Kotmale-Polpitiya | 2 | 2 | 132kV |
Nuwara Eliya-Badulla | 2 | 2 | 132kV |
Old Laxapana-Nuwara Eliya | 2 | 2 | 132kV |
Badulla-Medagama | 2 | 1 | 132kV |
Polpitiya-Seethawake | 2 | 2 | 132kV |
Seethawake-Kosgama | 2 | 2 | 132kV |
Athurugiriya-Thulhiriya | 2 | 2 | 132kV |
Embilipitiya-Hambantota | 2 | 2 | 132kV |
Balangoda-Samanalawewa | 2 | 2 | 132kV |
Balangoda-Rathnapura | 2 | 2 | 132kV |
Balangoda-Deniyaya | 1 | 2 | 132kV |
Matara-Embilipitiya | 2 | 2 | 132kV |
Habarana-Valachchenai | 1 | 1 | 132kV |
![]() |
The proposed connection involves the linking of the national grids of India and Sri Lanka via Rameshwaram in south India and Talaimannar in north-west Sri Lanka. The project involves the construction of a HVDC connection between Madurai in southern India and Anuradhapura in central Sri Lanka, through the Palk Strait. The link would measure approximately 285 kilometres (177 mi) in length, including 50 kilometres (31 mi) of submarine cables, and would take more than three years to construct. It would be implemented by the Power Grid Corporation of India Limited and Ceylon Electricity Board. [30] As Sri Lanka has good solar PV and offshore wind power potential, surplus renewable power generated in Sri Lanka can be exported to India in future.
The monthly end-user electricity tariffs are:
User | Class | Units (kWh) / Time-of-use | Tariff (Rs./kWh) | Fixed charge (Rs./month) | Max. demand charge (Rs./kVA) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Domestic | D-1 | ≤60 kWh per month | 000-030 | 2.50 | 30.00 | N/A |
031-060 | 4.85 | 60.00 | ||||
≥60 kWh per month | 000-060 | 7.85 | N/A | |||
061-090 | 10.00 | 90.00 | ||||
091-120 | 27.75 | 480.00 | ||||
121-180 | 32.00 | |||||
≥181 | 45.00 | 540.00 | ||||
Time-of-use (optional) | Day (05:30-18:30) | 25.00 | 540.00 | N/A | ||
Peak (18:30-22:30) | 54.00 | |||||
Off-peak (22:30-05:30) | 13.00 | |||||
Religious | R-1 | ≤42kVA at 400/230V | 000-030 | 1.90 | 30.00 | N/A |
031-090 | 2.80 | 60.00 | ||||
091-120 | 6.75 | 180.00 | ||||
121-180 | 7.50 | |||||
≥181 | 9.40 | 240.00 | ||||
Industry | I-1 | ≤42 kVA at 400/230 V | ≤300 | 10.80 | 600.00 | N/A |
≥301 | 12.20 | |||||
≤42 kVA at 400/230 V (Time-of-use - optional) | Day (05:30-18:30) | 11.00 | 300.00 | N/A | ||
Peak (18:30-22:30) | 20.50 | |||||
Off-peak (22:30-05:30) | 6.85 | |||||
I-2 | ≥43 kVA at 400/230 V | Day (05:30-18:30) | 11.00 | 3,000.00 | 1,100.00 | |
Peak (18:30-22:30) | 20.50 | |||||
Off-peak (22:30-05:30) | 6.85 | |||||
I-3 | ≥11,000 V | Day (05:30-18:30) | 10.25 | 1,000.00 | ||
Peak (18:30-22:30) | 23.50 | |||||
Off-peak (22:30-05:30) | 5.90 | |||||
Hotel | H-1 | ≤42 kVA at 400/230 V | ∞ | 21.50 | 600.00 | N/A |
H-2 | ≥43 kVA at 400/230 V | Day (05:30-18:30) | 14.65 | 3,000.00 | 1,100.00 | |
Peak (18:30-22:30) | 23.50 | |||||
Off-peak (22:30-05:30) | 9.80 | |||||
H-3 | ≥11,000 V | Day (05:30-18:30) | 13.70 | 3,000.00 | 1,100.00 | |
Peak (18:30-22:30) | 22.50 | |||||
Off-peak (22:30-05:30) | 8.80 | |||||
Government | GV-1 | ≤42kVA at 400/230 V | ∞ | 14.65 | 600.00 | N/A |
GV-2 | ≥42kVA at 400/230 V | ∞ | 14.55 | 3,000.00 | 1,100.00 | |
GV-3 | ≥11,000 V | ∞ | 14.35 | 3,000.00 | 1,000.00 | |
CEB-owned EV charging stations | EV | DC Fast Charging | Day (05:30-18:30) | 50.00 | N/A | N/A |
Peak (18:30-22:30) | 70.00 | |||||
Off-peak (22:30-05:30) | 30.00 | |||||
AC Charging | Day (05:30-18:30) | 30.00 | ||||
Peak (18:30-22:30) | 55.00 | |||||
Off-peak (22:30-05:30) | 20.00 | |||||
Street lighting | SL | Public use | ∞ | 17.00 | N/A | N/A |
Private use | ||||||
General [Note 1] | G-1 | ≤42 kVA at 400/230 V | ≤300 | 18.30 | 240.00 | N/A |
≥301 | 22.85 | |||||
G-2 | ≥42 kVA at 400/230 V | Day (05:30-18:30) | 21.80 | 3,000.00 | 1,100.00 | |
Peak (18:30-22:30) | 26.60 | |||||
Off-peak (22:30-05:30) | 15.40 | |||||
G-3 | ≥11,000 V | Day (05:30-18:30) | 20.70 | 3,000.00 | 1,000.00 | |
Peak (18:30-22:30) | 25.50 | |||||
Off-peak (22:30-05:30) | 14.35 | |||||
In 2010, the Ministry of Power and Energy, with the Lanka Electricity Company and the Ceylon Electricity Board introduced net metering, where consumers could generate their own power from renewable sources and credit excess production back to the power utility. [34] While the power utility will not pay back in monetary values irrespective of how much credit a household generates, it allows the transferring of this credit between households. [35] The first solar power facility intended for net metering was commissioned in July 2010. [36]
Per Section 21-2 of the Sri Lanka Electricity Act No. 20 of 2009, [37] the Public Utilities Commission of Sri Lanka has granted the following entities exemptions in electricity usage:
Exemption No. | Person/Entity | Premises | Gazette No. & Date |
---|---|---|---|
EL/EX-D/11/001 | MAS Fabric Park (Private) Limited | MAS Fabric Park, Kurunegala Road, Thulhiriya | Extraordinary Gazette – No. 1725/14 28 September 2011 |
EL/EX-D/11/002 | Overseas Realty (Ceylon) PLC | World Trade Centre, Echelon Square, Colombo 1 | |
EL/EX-D/11/003 | Mireka Capital Land (Private) Limited | 324, Havelock Road, Colombo 6 | |
EL/EX-D/12/001 | Asian Hotels and Properties PLC | No. 89, Galle Road, Colombo 3 | General Gazette – No. 1744, 3 February 2012 |
EL/EX-D/12/002 | BOC Property Development & Management (Private) Limited | BOC Merchant Tower, 28, St. Michael's Road, Colombo 3 | |
EL/EX-D/12/003 | Millenium Development (Private) Limited | Excel World Entertainment Park, 338, T B Jayah Mawatha, Colombo – 10 | |
EL/EX-D/12/004 | Property Finance and Investments Kandy (Private) Limited | Kandy City Centre, 05, Dalada Vidiya, Kandy | |
EL/EX-D/12/005 | Whittall Boustead (Private) Limited | 148, Vauxhall Street, Colombo 2 | |
EL/EX-D/12/006 | Ceylon Carriers (Private) Limited | 104, Nawala Road, Narahenpita, Colombo 5 | Extraordinary Gazette – No. 1749/8, 12 March 2012 |
EL/EX-D/12/007 | JayKay Marketing Services (Private) Limited | K-Zone Shopping Mall, 340, Galle Road, Moratuwa | Extraordinary Gazette – No. 1757/19, 11 May 2012 |
EL/EX-D/12/008 | Platinum Realty Investments (Private) Limited | 01, Bagatale Road, Colombo 3 | |
EL/EX-D/12/009 | Union Residencies (Private) Limited | No. 200, Union Place, Colombo 2 | |
EL/EX-D/12/010 | Pelwatte Sugar Industries PLC | Pelwatte Sugar Industries Buttala | |
EL/EX-G/12/001 | Tokyo Cement Power (Lanka) Limited | 10 MW Biomass Power Plant, Cod Bay, China Bay, Trincomalee | Extraordinary Gazette – No. 1759/31, 23 May 2012 |
India is the third largest producer of electricity in the world. During the fiscal year (FY) 2022–23, the total electricity generation in the country was 1,844 TWh, of which 1,618 TWh was generated by utilities.
For solar power, South Asia has the ideal combination of both high solar insolation and a high density of potential customers.
Renewable energy in the United Kingdom contributes to production for electricity, heat, and transport.
As of August 2020 Chile had diverse sources of electric power: for the National Electric System, providing over 99% of the county's electric power, hydropower represented around 26.7% of its installed capacity, biomass 1.8%, wind power 8.8%, solar 12.1%, geothermal 0.2%, natural gas 18.9%, coal 20.3%, and petroleum-based capacity 11.3%. Prior to that time, faced with natural gas shortages, Chile began in 2007 to build its first liquefied natural gas terminal and re-gasification plant at Quintero near the capital city of Santiago to secure supply for its existing and upcoming gas-fired thermal plants. In addition, it had engaged in the construction of several new hydropower and coal-fired thermal plants. But by July 2020 91% of the new capacity under construction was of renewable power, 46.8% of the total solar and 25.6% wind, with most of the remainder hydro.
Historically, the main applications of solar energy technologies in Canada have been non-electric active solar system applications for space heating, water heating and drying crops and lumber. In 2001, there were more than 12,000 residential solar water heating systems and 300 commercial/ industrial solar hot water systems in use. These systems presently comprise a small fraction of Canada's energy use, but some government studies suggest they could make up as much as five percent of the country's energy needs by the year 2025.
The Ceylon Electricity Board - CEB, was the largest electricity company in Sri Lanka. With a market share of nearly 100%, it controlled all major functions of electricity generation, transmission, distribution and retailing in Sri Lanka. It was one of the only two on-grid electricity companies in the country; the other being Lanka Electricity Company (LECO). The company earned approximately Rs 204.7 billion in 2014, with a total of nearly 5.42 million consumer accounts. It was a government-owned and controlled utility of Sri Lanka that took care of the general energy facilities of the island. The Ministry of Power and Energy was the responsible ministry above the CEB. Ceylon Electricity Board (CEB), established by the CEB Act No. 17 of 1969, was under the legal obligation to develop and maintain an efficient, coordinated and economical system of electricity supply in accordance with any licenses issued. The CEB was dissolved and replaced by 12 successor entities under the 2024 Electricity Act.
The Lakvijaya Power Station is the largest power station in Sri Lanka.
Renewable energy in Russia mainly consists of hydroelectric energy. Russia is rich not only in oil, gas and coal, but also in wind, hydro, geothermal, biomass and solar energy – the resources of renewable energy. Practically all regions have at least one or two forms of renewable energy that are commercially exploitable, while some regions are rich in all forms of renewable energy resources. However, fossil fuels dominate Russia’s current energy mix, while its abundant and diverse renewable energy resources play little role.
Renewable energy has developed rapidly in Italy over the past decade and provided the country a means of diversifying from its historical dependency on imported fuels. Solar power accounted for around 8% of the total electric production in the country in 2014, making Italy the country with the highest contribution from solar energy in the world that year. Rapid growth in the deployment of solar, wind and bio energy in recent years lead to Italy producing over 40% of its electricity from renewable sources in 2014.
South Australia is a leader in utility-scale renewable energy generation, and also produces gas and uranium for electricity generation. Gas production is mostly concentrated in the Cooper Basin in the state's north-east. Gas is delivered from these fields by pipeline to users interstate and to Port Adelaide where it fuels three separate gas-fired power plants. Uranium is also mined in South Australia, though nuclear power generation is prohibited nationally. The Olympic Dam mine is the world's single largest known deposit of uranium and represents 30% of the world's total uranium resource. Many utility-scale wind farms and solar farms have been commissioned during the 21st century and geology with potential for geothermal energy has also been identified but is yet to be developed.
Energy in Serbia describes energy and electricity production, consumption and import in Serbia.
Most of Kenya's electricity is generated by renewable energy sources. Access to reliable, affordable, and sustainable energy is one of the 17 main goals of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals. Development of the energy sector is also critical to help Kenya achieve the goals in Kenya Vision 2030 to become a newly industrializing, middle-income country. With an installed power capacity of 2,819 MW, Kenya currently generates 826 MW hydroelectric power, 828 geothermal power, 749 MW thermal power, 331 MW wind power, and the rest from solar and biomass sources. Kenya is the largest geothermal energy producer in Africa and also has the largest wind farm on the continent. In March 2011, Kenya opened Africa's first carbon exchange to promote investments in renewable energy projects. Kenya has also been selected as a pilot country under the Scaling-Up Renewable Energy Programmes in Low Income Countries Programme to increase deployment of renewable energy solutions in low-income countries. Despite significant strides in renewable energy development, about a quarter of the Kenyan population still lacks access to electricity, necessitating policy changes to diversify the energy generation mix and promote public-private partnerships for financing renewable energy projects.
Ethiopia generates most of its electricity from renewable energy, mainly hydropower.
Renewable energy in Albania includes biomass, geothermal, hydropower, solar, and wind energy. Albania relies mostly on hydroelectric resources, therefore, it has difficulties when water levels are low. The climate in Albania is Mediterranean, so it possesses considerable potential for solar energy production. Mountain elevations provide good areas for wind projects. There is also potentially usable geothermal energy because Albania has natural wells.
Renewable energy in Bangladesh refers to the use of renewable energy to generate electricity in Bangladesh. The current renewable energy comes from biogas that is originated from biomass, hydro power, solar and wind.
Renewables supply a quarter of energy in Turkey, including heat and electricity. Some houses have rooftop solar water heating, and hot water from underground warms many spas and greenhouses. In parts of the west hot rocks are shallow enough to generate electricity as well as heat. Wind turbines, also mainly near western cities and industry, generate a tenth of Turkey’s electricity. Hydropower, mostly from dams in the east, is the only modern renewable energy which is fully exploited. Hydropower averages about a fifth of the country's electricity, but much less in drought years. Apart from wind and hydro, other renewables; such as geothermal, solar and biogas; together generated almost a tenth of Turkey’s electricity in 2022. Türkiye has ranked 5th in Europe and 12th in the world in terms of installed capacity in renewable energy. The share of renewables in Türkiye’s installed power reached to 54% at the end of 2022.
In 2013, renewable energy provided 26.44% of the total electricity in the Philippines and 19,903 gigawatt-hours (GWh) of electrical energy out of a total demand of 75,266 gigawatt-hours. The Philippines is a net importer of fossil fuels. For the sake of energy security, there is momentum to develop renewable energy sources. The types available include hydropower, geothermal power, wind power, solar power and biomass power. The government of the Philippines has legislated a number of policies in order to increase the use of renewable energy by the country.
Renewable energy in South Africa is energy generated in South Africa from renewable resources, those that naturally replenish themselves—such as sunlight, wind, tides, waves, rain, biomass, and geothermal heat. Renewable energy focuses on four core areas: electricity generation, air and water heating/cooling, transportation, and rural energy services. The energy sector in South Africa is an important component of global energy regimes due to the country's innovation and advances in renewable energy. South Africa's greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is ranked as moderate and its per capita emission rate is higher than the global average. Energy demand within the country is expected to rise steadily and double by 2025.
The 2019 Sri Lanka electricity crisis was a crisis which happened nearly a month from 18 March to 10 April 2019 faced by Sri Lanka caused by a severe drought that depleted water levels at hydroelectric plants. Sri Lanka experienced rolling blackouts for three to five hours per day except on Sundays in all parts of the island nation at different time schedules that started from 24 March 2019 to present. This is regarded as one of the worst blackouts confronted in Sri Lanka since 2016 and the longest ever blackout recorded in history of the country. However it was revealed that the main electricity providing institution Ceylon Electricity Board had restricted the power supply to almost all regions of the country without proper prior notice and implemented a time schedule unofficially from 24 March 2019. However the Ministry of Power and Renewable Energy revealed that it didn't grant and approve permission to CEB to impose power cuts.