Fire drill

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Students practicing a fire drill in a smoke trailer with a firefighter assisting them Fire drill in a smoke trailer, Naples, Italy - 081007-N-4044H-271.jpg
Students practicing a fire drill in a smoke trailer with a firefighter assisting them
A fire alarm notification appliance widely used in the US and Canada Wheelock mt2.jpg
A fire alarm notification appliance widely used in the US and Canada

A fire drill is a method of practicing how a building should be evacuated in the event of a fire or other emergencies. In most cases, the building's existing fire alarm system is activated and the building is evacuated by means of the nearest available exits, as if an emergency had actually occurred. Fire drill procedures may vary depending on the building type, such as hospitals or high rise buildings, where occupants may be relocated within the building as opposed to evacuating the building. Generally, the evacuation interval is measured to ensure that it is fast enough, and problems with the emergency system or evacuation procedures are identified so that they may be remedied.

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In addition to fire drills, most buildings have their fire alarm systems checked on a regular basis to ensure that the system is working. Fire alarm tests are often done outside normal business hours so as to minimize disruption of building functions; in schools, they are often done when students and staff are not around or during the holidays where specialist fire alarm engineers test alarms in the building for repair if needed.

History of fire drills

A group of students at James Madison University evacuate their dorm rooms in response to a fire drill Fire drill.jpg
A group of students at James Madison University evacuate their dorm rooms in response to a fire drill

The purpose of fire drills in buildings is to ensure that everyone knows how to exit safely as quickly as possible if a fire, smoke, carbon monoxide, or other emergency occurs, and to familiarize building occupants with the sound of the fire alarm. [1]

Before regular fire drills were instituted, an infamous fire broke out at the private Catholic school Our Lady of the Angels in 1958, in Chicago. [2] Children on the second floor were trapped there, with neither teachers nor pupils knowing how to get out of the building safely. Many children jumped out of windows, and many were killed as they could not make their way to an exit. [2] Although the school had passed a fire inspection only two months before, and had the number of fire exits and fire extinguishers required at the time, it lacked smoke detectors or adequate fire alarms, and was overcrowded. [2]

The need for fire drills was recognized; monthly fire drills were implemented after the Our Lady of the Angels fire. It was found in a later study that education on fire also helped to prevent it: people started to learn more about what started fires, and what to do in the case of one starting. They were also aware of the hazards that allow a fire to start and grow. Within a year of the fire, many of the hazardous conditions such as found in Our Lady of the Angels had been eliminated in thousands of schools around the United States.[ citation needed ]

Other improvements in fire safety

After the fire at Our Lady of the Angels, state regulations required that there had to be fire alarm street boxes no more than 100 feet (30 m) from the front of the building. The General Assembly of Illinois also passed life safety codes in response to the fire at Our Lady of the Angels. Things such as more control over waste disposal, proper storage of combustible supplies, more frequent fire drills, and inspections were put in place. [3] Other reforms triggered by the fire include the city of Chicago modifying the Municipal Building Code of Chicago, affecting fire safety of schools as well as other buildings with two or more stories. [2]

To prevent fires and deaths caused by fires, schools must have an evacuation plan in place, and make sure that all the proper fire alarms and warnings work. Teachers must take charge of the situation and act as leaders. Teachers should also consider the number of students that they have, and the need for enough space and time to get all of the students out quickly and safely. Teachers should also be alert to the causes of fires, in order to try and stop them from happening. [4]

Fire drill regulations

Many jurisdictions require that fire drills be conducted at certain intervals. This is the case in educational institutions, and also other workplaces and buildings. The frequency of such drills and what must be done during them may be laid down in statutes.[ citation needed ]

United States

In the United States, school fire drill regulations are set by individual states. While all mandate fire drills during the course of a school year, the frequency and number vary from state to state.

The following states require that schools conduct a fire drill once per month:

  • Alabama [5]
  • Alaska [6]
  • Arkansas [7]
  • California (elementary schools) [8]
  • Colorado
  • Connecticut [9]
  • Delaware
  • District of Columbia [10]
  • Florida [11]
  • Georgia
  • Indiana
  • Kentucky
  • Missouri
  • Nebraska [12]
  • Nevada [13] [14]
  • New Hampshire [15]
  • New Jersey [16]
  • North Carolina [17]
  • New York [18]
  • Ohio [19]
  • Oregon [20]
  • Pennsylvania [21]
  • Rhode Island [22] [23]
  • South Carolina
  • Tennessee [24]
  • Texas
  • Utah (elementary schools) [25]
  • West Virginia [26]
  • Wisconsin [27]

The following states require that schools conduct a specific number of drills over the course of the entire school year, or that a certain number of drills must be conducted within a certain period of time:

The following states specify a greater frequency of fire drills at the beginning of the school year:

Until regulations changed on November 1, 2010, New Jersey was unique in its requirement that schools conduct 2 fire drills per month. [47] Under later requirements, one of the 2 fire drills was replaced by a monthly security drill. [16]

United Kingdom

The National Union of Teachers requires that all schools, colleges and universities and any other education establishment perform a fire evacuation drill every term. [48] It is required that most schools perform a fire drill at the start of the academic year. [49] According to UK fire regulations, any new buildings that were built after the fire safety regulations changed in 2005, each room should have at least one fire alarm device such as a bell, a sounder (siren) or smoke /heat alarm installed in every room. Regular safety checks such as testing fire alarms or smoke alarms and fire extinguishers should be performed weekly and does not require building evacuation. [49] According to the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005, all workplaces must have an emergency plan specifying staff actions, evacuation plans and arrangements for contacting the fire brigade. [50]

New Zealand

The New Zealand Fire Service requires all schools and educational facilities to carry out a fire drill (termed a trial evacuation) at least once every six months, unless a shorter period is specified in the school's approved evacuation scheme. Schools need to give the Fire Service 7–10 working days' notice before a fire drill is planned, and must submit a report to the Fire Service within 7–10 working days of the drill; an unplanned alarm activation does not count as a fire drill. [51]

See also

Related Research Articles

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fire alarm notification appliance</span> Device used to signal a fire-based or other emergency

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fire alarm control panel</span> Controlling component of a fire alarm system

A fire alarm control panel (FACP), fire alarm control unit (FACU), fire indicator panel (FIP), or simply fire alarm panel is the controlling component of a fire alarm system. The panel receives information from devices designed to detect and report fires, monitors their operational integrity, and provides for automatic control of equipment, and transmission of information necessary to prepare the facility for fire based on a predetermined sequence. The panel may also supply electrical energy to operate any associated initiating device, notification appliance, control, transmitter, or relay. There are four basic types of panels: coded panels, conventional panels, addressable panels, and multiplex systems.

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A safety drill is a drill that is practised to prepare people for an emergency.

References

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  2. 1 2 3 4 Cunningham, Thomas (n.d.). "Our Lady of the Angels: A Historical Perspective on School Fires". WithTheCommand.com. Archived from the original on 15 January 2015. Retrieved 11 January 2015.
  3. ↑ Teague, Paul. "Case Histories: Fires Influencing the Life Safety Code" (PDF). nfpa.org. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2015-04-02. Retrieved November 4, 2020.
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  5. ↑ Code of Alabama, § 36-19-10, Regulation of fire drills and doors and exits in schools, factories, hospitals, etc. Archived 2010-03-17 at the Wayback Machine
  6. 1 2 "723 ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATION" (PDF). Fairbanks North Star Borough School District. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2018-02-16. Retrieved 2018-02-15.
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  16. 1 2 "New Jersey Principals And Supervisors Association — Membership News". Njpsa.org. Archived from the original on 2011-07-27. Retrieved 2010-09-24.
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  22. 1 2 Rhode Island General Laws, Title 16, § 16-21-4 Archived 2012-03-09 at the Wayback Machine
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  30. ↑ Governor Blagojevich signs new law to make schools safer Archived 2010-06-04 at the Wayback Machine , Office of the Governor, State of Illinois, August 16, 2005
  31. ↑ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2015-09-04. Retrieved 2015-04-22.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
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  35. ↑ Maryland An. Code 1957, art. 77, § 91; 1978, ch. 22, § 2; 1996, ch. 10, § 16.
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  37. ↑ Michigan Compiled Laws, Chapter 29, Act 207 of 1941, Section 29.19 Archived 2010-02-01 at the Wayback Machine
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  39. ↑ "Montana Code Annotated 20-1-402". 2007. Archived from the original on 2008-09-22. Retrieved 2008-10-15.
  40. ↑ Subsection M of 6.30.2.10 of the New Mexico Administrative Code
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  44. 1 2 Code of Virginia, § 22.1-137 Archived 2019-09-02 at the Wayback Machine
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  47. ↑ New Jersey Permanent Statutes, § 18A:41-1
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