G:link

Last updated

G:link
Glink logo.png
GCLR Set 9 at Broadwater Parklands 2014-09-28.jpg
A Bombardier Flexity 2 leaving Broadwater Parklands in September 2014
Overview
Owner Translink
Locale Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
Transit type Light rail
Number of lines1
Number of stations19 (27 after stage 3 completion)
Annual ridership10.74 million (2018/19)
Chief executivePhil Mumford
Headquarters Southport
Website www.ridetheg.com.au
Operation
Began operation20 July 2014
Operator(s) Keolis Downer
Number of vehicles23 Bombardier/Alstom Flexity 2 trams
Train length43.5 m (143 ft)
Headway 7-30 minutes
Technical
System length20 km (12 mi) (26 km (16 mi) after stage 3 completion)
Track gauge 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge
Electrification 750 V DC overhead catenary
Average speed27 km/h (17 mph)
Top speed70 km/h (43 mph)

G:link, also known as the Gold Coast Light Rail, the Gold Coast Tram or simply the 'G, is a light rail system serving the Gold Coast in Queensland, Australia, and is the sole light rail system in Queensland. The system forms part of Translink's South East Queensland public transport network and consists of a single 20 km (12 mi) line of nineteen stations. Helensvale railway station is the northern terminus of the system, while Broadbeach South serves as the southern terminus. The line initially opened on 20 July 2014 and was subsequently extended northwest from Gold Coast University Hospital to Helensvale on 17 December 2017.

Background

The Gold Coast is one of the fastest-growing regions in Australia, with an annual population growth of 2–3%. [1] The project was first proposed in the Gold Coast City Council Transport Plan 1996 after some years of consideration and review. In 2002, the Queensland and Federal Governments each contributed $650,000 to fund the Gold Coast Light Rail Feasibility Study. [2] [3] In 2004, the draft summary report was released. [4]

History

Stage 1

View of the line from the Q1 building Gold Coast Light Rail from Q1.jpg
View of the line from the Q1 building

In 2009, the Queensland Government committed $464 million to the Gold Coast Rapid Transit (GCRT) project, supplementing $365 million committed by the Federal Government and $120 million provided by Gold Coast City Council. [5]

In June 2011, the GoldLinq consortium comprising Bombardier Transportation, Downer EDI, Keolis, McConnell Dowell and Plenary Group was awarded the contract to build and operate the Gold Coast light rail line for 18 years under a Public Private Partnership. [6] [7] [8]

In August 2012, the cost of the initial 13 km (8.1 mi) section was estimated at $1.6 billion. [9] Construction began on the Gold Coast University Hospital station shell in July 2010. [10] In late 2010, early roadworks began in Broadbeach and Southport. [11]

By November 2013, much of the work was complete with the southern section at Broadbeach being the only section of trackwork to be completed. Testing commenced on the northern section of the line in October 2013. The line opened on 20 July 2014, with a free travel day, before normal operations began on 21 July. [12] [13] [14]

The system had a significant impact on property both directly and indirectly in the corridor. A total of $170 million was allocated for property resumptions. The Queens Park Tennis Club and Southport Croquet Club were both relocated. [15]

Stage 2

Gold Coast University Hospital, the original northern terminus and the only underground station in the system. GCUH Glink Station.jpg
Gold Coast University Hospital, the original northern terminus and the only underground station in the system.

After the successful opening and operations of Stage 1, the Queensland Government announced in February 2016 plans to extend the light rail line from the University Hospital to the Helensvale railway station, providing a connection with the Gold Coast railway line that connects the city with Brisbane, the state capital of Queensland. Financial commitment from the state and federal governments needed to progress with the extension was finalised in late 2016. The new extension includes 7.3 km (4.5 mi) tracks and 3 new light rail stations, with Helensvale being the new northern terminus for the line. Construction commenced in 2016 [16] with plans to be completed in time for the 2018 Gold Coast Commonwealth Games in April 2018. Construction finished early, ahead of schedule with passenger services commencing in December 2017.

Stage 3 extension

Flythrough animation of stage 3

The Queensland Government, in conjunction with the Gold Coast City Council and the Federal Government, announced the plan to extend the light rail line 6.4 km (4.0 mi) south, from the existing Broadbeach South station to Burleigh Heads back in 2018 with the original completion date to be in 2024. Due to funding disputes among the three levels of government, the COVID-19 pandemic along with rising construction costs in recent years, the project kept getting delayed. In February 2020, three parties were short-listed to build the extension: [17]

It was announced in October 2020 that John Holland had won the contract, [18] with the state government releasing a statement in 2021 saying that the agreement will see the construction consortium undertake detailed construction planning and start establishing a site presence along the 6.7-kilometre (4.2 mi) corridor. [1]

In July 2022 construction formally started with water, sewerage and gas infrastructure upgrades and relocation on the Gold Coast Highway between Broadbeach and Nobby Beach. [3] Major construction including earthworks and construction of the tracks will commence in 2023 with the project expected to be operational by 2026. [4]

Planned stations

There will be 8 new stations, all built with the same design as the first two stages, however, there are no park'n'ride facilities like there were in stage 2. All stations on the extension configured as a central platform station, meaning that both north and southbound platforms are located in the middle, with tracks on either side. With signalised pedestrian crossing and all exits are wheelchair accessible. [19] As of late 2022, construction has started on stage 3 and is expected to be completed by 2030.

Mermaid Beach station is located in the suburb of the same name near the intersection of the Gold Coast Highway and Crescent Avenue and Montana Road. A number dining and retail options are located near the station along with parks and a medical centre.

Located slightly south of Markeri Street, Mermaid Beach South station provides direct access to a number of holiday accommodations, a small retail precinct and residential dwellings are located only a short walk from the station.

Nobby Beach station will be situated between Albicore Street and Dolphin Avenue on the Gold Coast Highway. It will serve the Nobby Beach retail precinct, and the beach is only a short walk away.

Miami North station will be on the corner of Paradise Avenue and the Gold Coast Highway, and will serve northern Miami and the Miami State High School.

Miami station will be on the corner of Hythe Street and the Gold Coast Highway, serving Miami Beach and a number of holiday resorts.

Christine Avenue station will be located on the corner of Christine Avenue and the Gold Coast Highway, on the southern side of Miami. Christine Avenue will serve a number of retail and dining venues, as well as the North Burleigh Surf Beach.

Second Avenue Burleigh station will be on the corner of Second Avenue and the Gold Coast Highway, just north of Burleigh Heads. A number of holidays resorts are a short walk away, as well as Burleigh Heads State School.

The southern terminus of Burleigh Heads will be located at the junction of Goodwin Terrace and the Gold Coast Highway. It will serve the James Street retail and dining precinct, as well as Memorial Park, Justins Park, Burleigh Head National Park and Burleigh Heads Surf Beach. The station will offer bus connections to Varsity Lakes railway station and southern suburbs, including the Gold Coast Airport.

Route

The new extension will begin from the current southern terminus, Broadbeach South travelling on the median strip of the Gold Coast Highway for the whole way south to Burleigh Heads. The 6.7 km (4.2 mi) extension will pass through Mermaid Beach, Nobby's Beach, Miami and Burleigh Heads [7] with the hopes of creating better connectivity, reducing congestion and improving travel times. [8]

Stage 4 extension

The Gold Coast City Transport Strategy 2031 supports a future expansion to Coolangatta via the Gold Coast Airport. [20] The 14 km (8.7 mi) extension of the light rail line from Burleigh Heads station would continue south along the Gold Coast Highway, passing through the southern suburbs of Palm Beach and Tugun and connecting the city's international airport with the light rail. A potential light rail corridor has also been identified from the Airport to Coolangatta and will be preserved for possible future expansion. [21] In August 2020, funding was provided to formulate a business case for the extension. [22] Since 2021 community consultation and preliminary works have begun on stage 4. [9]

Route

G:link
Map
A route diagram of G:link, including the future Stage 3/4 extensions G-link route diagram.png
A route diagram of G:link, including the future Stage 3/4 extensions

The single 20-kilometre (12 mi) line runs from Helensvale railway station to Broadbeach South. Beginning at Helensvale railway station, the line runs parallel to the Gold Coast railway line until it meets the Smith Street Motorway, which it then follows, stopping at Parkwood and Parkwood East. The next two stops serve the Gold Coast University Hospital and the Gold Coast campus of Griffith University. The line runs south, passing over the Smith Street Motorway and the depot before reaching Queen Street station and Nerang Street station that services the Southport medical precinct. The next two stops serve the Australia Fair Shopping Centre, and the following stop serves the Broadwater Parklands. The line passes over the Nerang River before reaching the only stop in Main Beach, which serves the Sea World theme park. The next stops are Surfers Paradise North and Cypress Avenue, the latter serving the Chevron Renaissance Shopping Centre and the Funtime amusement park. The next stop, Cavill Avenue serves the heart of Surfers Paradise including the Cavill Avenue pedestrian mall and Paradise Centre shopping centre. The following station services the Q1 residential tower as well as the SkyPoint observation deck. The next stops are Northcliffe, Florida Gardens and Broadbeach North, the latter serving the Gold Coast Convention & Exhibition Centre, The Star Gold Coast, the Oasis Shopping Centre and the Oracle Shopping Centre. The line terminates at Broadbeach South which serves Pacific Fair Shopping Centre and provides bus connections to southern suburbs as well as the Gold Coast Airport. It takes around 44 minutes to travel from one end of the line to the other.

There are nineteen stations on the line. One station is located in Helensvale, two are in Parkwood, seven are in Southport, one is in Main Beach, six are in Surfers Paradise, and two are in Broadbeach. All but one of the stations is street-level open-air structures with passenger canopies on the platforms. The Gold Coast University Hospital station is underground. Eleven stations have side platforms and eight have island platforms. Eight of the stations have kiosks on the platforms. Seven stations offer transfers to bus services and Helensvale also offers transfers to train services. Two of the stations have free park-and-ride lots with a total of 1,400 new parking spaces. [23] [24] The most heavily trafficked station is Cavill Avenue, with an average of 4,729 daily passengers in February 2016. [25]

Infrastructure

The system uses standard gauge tracks with 750 V DC overhead catenary. It primarily operates in a centre-running configuration.

Rolling stock

Glink-07.jpg
A Bombardier Flexity 2
Gold Coast Light Rail - Inside Flexity 2 Tram.jpg
Interior

The Gold Coast Rapid Transit fleet consists of 23 Bombardier Flexity 2 trams built in Germany. [26] The trams feature low floors and have dedicated spaces for wheelchairs, prams and surfboards. [27] They have a top speed of 70 km/h (43 mph) and room for 309 passengers with seating for 80. [28] Fourteen trams were ordered to serve the original section of the line. Four additional trams were ordered in November 2015 to service the Helensvale extension. [29] These were delivered in September and October 2017. [30] A further five built in Alstom's Vienna plant were delivered from July 2023 entering service in July 2024. [31]

Stations

Broadbeach South light rail station Broadbeach South transport interchange (27677988034).jpg
Broadbeach South light rail station

Eighteen of the stations are street-level open-air structures featuring passenger canopies, and one is underground. Eleven stations have side platforms and eight have an island platform. Seven stations offer transfers to Translink bus services. Park and ride facilities are also available at Helensvale and Parkwood stations: during the construction of Stage 2, 1000 car park spaces were built at the new Parkwood station, while 400 new car park spaces were built at Helensvale, in addition to the 877 existing spaces there. [32]

Key
BSicon BUS2.svg Transfer station to Translink bus services
BSicon BUS2.svg Aiga railtransportation 25.svg Transfer station to Translink bus services and to the Gold Coast railway line
Station Suburb Zone OpenedGradePlatform layoutTime [a] [33] Refs.
Helensvale BSicon BUS2.svg Aiga railtransportation 25.svg Helensvale 517 December 2017Street-level Island 0 [34]
Parkwood Parkwood 517 December 2017Street-level Side 4 [35]
Parkwood East Parkwood 517 December 2017Street-level Island 7 [36]
Gold Coast University Hospital BSicon BUS2.svg Southport 520 July 2014Underground Side 11 [37]
Griffith University BSicon BUS2.svg Southport 520 July 2014Street-level Side 13 [38]
Queen Street Southport 520 July 2014Street-level Island 16 [39]
Nerang Street Southport 520 July 2014Street-level Side 19 [40]
Southport BSicon BUS2.svg Southport 520 July 2014Street-level Side 21 [41]
Southport South Southport 520 July 2014Street-level Island 23 [42]
Broadwater Parklands Southport 520 July 2014Street-level Island 24 [43]
Main Beach Main Beach 520 July 2014Street-level Island 26 [44]
Surfers Paradise North BSicon BUS2.svg Surfers Paradise 520 July 2014Street-level Side 29 [45]
Cypress Avenue BSicon BUS2.svg Surfers Paradise 520 July 2014Street-level Side 31 [46]
Cavill Avenue Surfers Paradise 520 July 2014Street-level Side 34 [47]
Surfers Paradise Surfers Paradise 520 July 2014Street-level Side 36 [48]
Northcliffe Surfers Paradise 520 July 2014Street-level Side 38 [49]
Florida Gardens Surfers Paradise 520 July 2014Street-level Island 40 [50]
Broadbeach North Broadbeach 520 July 2014Street-level Island 42 [51]
Broadbeach South BSicon BUS2.svg Broadbeach 520 July 2014Street-level Side 45 [52]

Operation

Services are operated by Keolis Downer, a joint venture between Keolis and Downer. Fares are set by Translink with all stations fitted with go card readers. [53] Translink charges fares that increase as passengers travel through eight concentric zones radiating outward from the Brisbane central business district; [54] All G:link stations are located within zone 5.

Service frequencies (in minutes) from 17 December 2017: [55]

WeekdaysWeekends
00:00 to 05:00Closed30†
05:00 to 07:001515
07:00 to 19:007.510
19:00 to 23:301515

† No service between Helensvale station and Gold Coast University Hospital

On Monday to Friday mornings (midnight to 5 am), light rail services are replaced on most of the routes by Kinetic Group route 700. [56] These buses do not service the section between Helensvale station and Gold Coast University Hospital. [55]

Patronage

Over 1.74 million passengers used the Gold Coast Light Rail in its first 100 days after opening. More than five million paid trips were made in the first nine months of operation. [57] 6.6 million passengers were carried on the line in its first year, and total public transport users on the Gold Coast - across buses and trams - increased by 25 per cent. [58] [59] In February 2016 the Queensland Government announced the ten million passenger milestone had been reached and noted that Cavill Avenue was the busiest station with 4,729 boardings a day. [60]

The following table lists patronage figures for the network during the corresponding financial year. Australia's financial years start on 1 July and end on 30 June. Major events that affected the number of journeys made or how patronage is measured are included as notes.

G:link patronage by financial year
Year2014–152015–162016–172017–182018–192019–202020–212021–222022–23
Patronage
(millions)		6.28
[b] 		7.687.979.49
[c] [d] 		10.748.46
[e] 		6.12
[f] 		6.34
[g] 		10.39
Reference [61] [62] [63] [64] [65] [66] [67] [68] [69]
2018–19 Transport patronage in Gold Coast by mode
   Bus (46%)
  Light rail (35%)
   Heavy rail (19%)
Bus 14 000 000 [70]
Light rail10 740 000 [71]
Heavy rail 5 800 000 [72]
  1. ↑ The travel time in minutes from Helensvale, the northern terminus of the system.
  2. ↑ G:link system opened in July 2014.
  3. ↑ Helensvale extension opened in December 2017.
  4. ↑ Commonwealth Games held in April 2018.
  5. ↑ In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, travel restriction were introduced in March 2020.
  6. ↑ Patronage numbers heavily affected by COVID-19 pandemic travel restrictions.
  7. ↑ Patronage numbers heavily affected by COVID-19 pandemic travel restrictions.

Potential extensions

Besides Stages 3 and 4, the Gold Coast City Council envisions an extensive light rail network that would potentially consist of 68 km (42 mi) of track and 4 light rail lines as outlined in the City Transport Strategy 2031. Future extensions however are not expected to take place until after Stage 4 to Gold Coast Airport is fully completed and further feasibility studies are undertaken, with the time-frames for the projects still undecided.

Main Beach and The Spit

A branch line from Main Beach to The Spit was proposed in the Gold Coast City Council's 2031 transport plan, City Transport Strategy 2031. [73] The council announced a number of potential route options in April 2017 and invited public comment. [74] The line is expected to cost around $200 million and would be paid for by developers and would be around 2.6 km (1.6 mi) long. [75]

Biggera Waters

The Gold Coast's council 2031 Transport plan published outlines a possible extension to Biggera Waters. [76] The proposed line would branch off from the existing University Hospital light rail station, travelling north before terminating at Harbour Town Shopping Centre in the suburb of Biggera Waters.

Bundall

The Gold Coast's council 2031 Transport plan published outlines a possible extension to Bundall. [77] The proposed line would branch off from Cavill Avenue, travelling west for several kilometres before terminating in the suburb of Bundall. Stations may include Chevron Island, HOTA, Bundall Business District and Gold Coast Turf Club.

Nerang

The Gold Coast's council 2031 Transport plan published outlines a possible extension to the Nerang. [78] The proposed line would spur off from Broadbeach, travelling west along Hooker Boulevard and north along Nerang–Broadbeach Road before terminating at the Nerang railway station. Stations would include Mermaid Waters, Carrara Markets and Carrara Stadium.

Robina

A 9 km (5.6 mi) Robina extension is proposed in the Gold Coast City Council's Light Rail southern Gold Coast publication. [79] The proposed extension would branch off from Nobbys Beach and terminate at Robina railway station passing through Bond University, Market Square, Robina Town Centre and Robina Stadium.

Varsity Lakes

The Light Rail southern Gold Coast published by the Gold Coast City Council also outline a proposal extension to Varsity Lakes [80] from Burleigh Heads. The extension would branch out from Burleigh Heads and follow Burleigh Connection Road, passing by Stocklands Burleigh Heads Shopping Centre and the light industrial areas of West Burleigh before terminating at Varsity Lakes railway station, providing a heavy rail connection.

Tweed Heads

On 19 February 2019, Tweed Heads MP Geoff Provest announced $1 million of funding towards strategic planning to extend the Gold Coast light rail system from the Gold Coast Airport to over the New South Wales border into Tweed Heads. [81]

In 2020, a feasibility study was proposed by the NSW state government for a light rail corridor between Gold Coast Airport and Tweed Heads. [82]

Objections

The Gold Coast light rail project was subject to protest campaigns from some local residents and politicians. Those who attempted to stop Stage One included Gold Coast Mayor Ron Clarke, [83] former mayor and candidate Lex Bell [84] (who proposed the use of native title to stop the project), [85] [86] and a string of short-lived protest organisations. [85] [86] Their claims included that it was a 'zombie' project and 'white elephant' that would saddle ratepayers with unsustainable debt. [87] The removal of iconic palm trees and poincianas for the construction upset others. [88]

In 2016, a retired property analyst, Alan Midwood, claimed light rail had been a "gross financial disaster" that had doubled roadway congestion, and calling for it to be scrapped. [89] Other notable objectors who achieved media coverage included the owner of Surfers Paradise shop Condom Kingdom, who feared construction would impact sales, [90] and Surfers Paradise Meter Maids, who vowed to chain themselves to trees to prevent the project going ahead. [88]

One group operated by a Paradise Waters resident, alleged light rail was "a proven killer" [91] that slaughtered at "a rate 2.5 times that of cars". [92] Following the success of the project, in 2017, a group of Paradise Waters residents appealed for a tram stop to be added at their locality, as had been originally planned, but were denied it by Council. A former mayor suggested there was a feeling they "were punished because some of them opposed it at the time". [93]

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References

  1. 1 2 Estimated Resident Population Archived 14 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine Profile.id
  2. ↑ "Gold Coast Rapid Transit Corridor Study". City of Gold Coast. Archived from the original on 11 December 2013. Retrieved 6 December 2013.
  3. 1 2 "Gold Coast Light Rail Feasibility". Department of Infrastructure & Regional Development. 14 May 2002. Archived from the original on 14 December 2013. Retrieved 14 December 2013.
  4. 1 2 "Gold Coast Light Rail Feasibility Study" (PDF). Parsons Brinckerhoff. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 February 2011. Retrieved 6 December 2013.
  5. ↑ Chambers, Geoff (14 February 2010). "Chinese in Gold Coast's rapid transit mix". Gold Coast Bulletin . Archived from the original on 4 November 2013. Retrieved 6 December 2013.
  6. ↑ "GoldLinQ Selected for Gold Coast Light Rail". Plenary Group (Press release). 5 May 2011. Archived from the original on 12 December 2013. Retrieved 30 March 2022.
  7. 1 2 "GoldlinQ selected to build Gold Coast light rail". Railway Gazette International . 6 May 2011. Archived from the original on 12 December 2013. Retrieved 6 December 2013.
  8. 1 2 "GoldLinQ wins £657M Australian rail project". New Civil Engineer . 9 May 2011. Archived from the original on 11 December 2013. Retrieved 6 December 2013.
  9. 1 2 Stolz, Greg; Vogler, Sarah (8 August 2012). "Court bid to halt $1.6 billion Gold Coast light rail project". Herald Sun . Retrieved 6 December 2013.
  10. ↑ "Light rail work starts this month". Gold Coast Bulletin . 4 July 2010. Archived from the original on 24 March 2012. Retrieved 6 December 2013.
  11. ↑ Gold Coast Rapid Transit. Queensland Government. June 2011.
  12. ↑ "First test tram run in Southport". GoldLinQ. 1 October 2013. Retrieved 6 December 2013.[ permanent dead link ]
  13. ↑ "Works updates". GoldLinQ. 4 December 2013.[ permanent dead link ]
  14. ↑ All aboard: Gold Coast light rail officially launches with full tram cars for day of free travel Archived 28 July 2014 at the Wayback Machine Gold Coast Bulletin 20 July 2014
  15. ↑ Chambers, Geoff (24 December 2009). "Flurry of Coast rapid transit resumptions". Gold Coast Bulletin . Archived from the original on 24 March 2012. Retrieved 6 December 2013.
  16. ↑ "Gold Coast Light Rail Stage 2". www.tmr.qld.gov.au. corporateName=Department of Transport and Main Roads; jurisdiction=Queensland; sector=government. 13 July 2016. Archived from the original on 19 March 2018. Retrieved 5 July 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  17. ↑ Preparation works continue for Gold Coast Light Rail Stage 3A construction Rail Express 20 April 2020
  18. ↑ 2020-10-06T13:49:00+01:00. "John Holland to build Stage 3 of Gold Coast light rail". Railway Gazette International. Archived from the original on 22 October 2020. Retrieved 24 October 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  19. ↑ "Interactive map | GoldlinQ | Community Analytics". www.gclr3.com.au. Retrieved 3 November 2022.
  20. ↑ Services, corporateName=Planning, Environment & Transport | City Transport | Web. "Light rail". www.goldcoast.qld.gov.au. Archived from the original on 10 July 2018. Retrieved 3 July 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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  22. ↑ Gold Coast light rail extension study funded Metro Report International 11 August 2020
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  56. ↑ Tony Moore (6 May 2015). "Five million people jump on board Gold Coast Light Rail since July 2014". brisbane times. Fairfax Media. Archived from the original on 12 May 2015. Retrieved 7 May 2015.
  57. ↑ "Short list named for Gold Coast light rail Stage 2". GoldLinQ. 1 October 2015. Archived from the original on 9 February 2016. Retrieved 9 November 2015.
  58. ↑ "Key statistics". gclrstage2.com. Goldlinq. Archived from the original on 25 May 2016. Retrieved 5 March 2016.
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  74. ↑ Pierce, Jeremy (2 April 2017). "First look at Gold Coast's planned $200m light rail extension to The Spit". The Courier Mail.
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  78. ↑ Light Rail Southern Gold Coast. Gold Coast, Australia: City of Gold Coast. p. 3.
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  80. ↑ "Cross border light rail from Tweed to Coolangatta | Geoff Provest MP" . Retrieved 27 June 2024.
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  82. ↑ 'Public Meeting De-Rails Light Rail', Gold Coast Public Transport Alliance (GCPTA), 25 February 2008;
  83. ↑ Paul Weston; Shannon Willoughby, 'Protesters could cost Coast $3 billion', Gold Coast Bulletin, 10 February 2012;
  84. 1 2 Light-rail haters resort to native title, Gold Coast Bulletin, 14 April 2012;
  85. 1 2 "Meet the Committee | Residents and Ratepayers Association Gold Coast". Archived from the original on 2 May 2013.
  86. ↑ Gold Coast Bulletin, 11 April 2012;
  87. 1 2 [Gold Coast Bulletin, 9 February 2012;
  88. ↑ Denis Doherty, 'A prominent Gold Coast businessman has called for light rail extensions to stop', Gold Coast Bulletin, 10 February 2016;
  89. ↑ Gold Coast Bulletin, 12 June 2012;
  90. ↑ New Advertising Campaign Launched, 11 August 2009; [Gold Coast Public Transport Alliance (GCPTA), 25 February 2008;
  91. ↑ Gold Coast Public Transport Alliance advertisement, Gold Coast Bulletin, 21March 2012
  92. ↑ Tony Moore, 'Gold Coast City Council votes against light rail stop at Paradise Waters', Brisbane Times, 31 January 2017,
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