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Meat is animal flesh that is eaten as food. Humans have hunted, farmed, and scavenged other animals for meat since prehistoric times. The establishment of settlements in the Neolithic Revolution allowed the domestication of animals such as chickens, sheep, rabbits, pigs, and cattle. This eventually led to their use in meat production on an industrial scale in slaughterhouses.
Veganism is the practice of abstaining from the use of all animal products—particularly in diet—and an associated philosophy that rejects the commodity status of animals. A person who follows the diet or philosophy is known as a vegan.
Vegetarianism is the practice of abstaining from the consumption of meat. It may also include abstaining from eating all by-products of animal slaughter.
A flexitarian diet, also called a semi-vegetarian diet, is one that is centered on plant foods with limited or occasional inclusion of meat. For example, a flexitarian might eat meat only some days each week. Flexitarian is a portmanteau of the words flexible and vegetarian, signifying its followers' less strict diet pattern when compared to vegetarian pattern diets.
A plant-based diet is a diet consisting mostly or entirely of plant-based foods. Plant-based diets encompass a wide range of dietary patterns that contain low amounts of animal products and high amounts of plant products such as vegetables, fruits, whole grains, legumes, nuts and seeds. They do not need to be vegan or vegetarian but are defined in terms of low frequency of animal food consumption.
A healthy diet is a diet that maintains or improves overall health. A healthy diet provides the body with essential nutrition: fluid, macronutrients such as protein, micronutrients such as vitamins, and adequate fibre and food energy.
Environmental vegetarianism is the practice of vegetarianism that is motivated by the desire to create a sustainable diet, which avoids the negative environmental impact of meat production. Livestock as a whole is estimated to be responsible for around 15% of global greenhouse gas emissions. As a result, significant reduction in meat consumption has been advocated by, among others, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change in their 2019 special report and as part of the 2017 World Scientists' Warning to Humanity.
The Toronto Vegetarian Association (TVA), also known as VegTO, is a volunteer-driven, charitable organization based in Toronto, Ontario. Founded in 1945, its mission is to inspire people to choose a healthier, greener, more compassionate lifestyle through plant-based eating.
Vegetarian and vegan dietary practices vary among countries. Differences include food standards, laws, and general cultural attitudes toward vegetarian diets.
Michael Herschel Greger is an American physician, author, and professional speaker on public health issues, best known for his advocacy of a whole-food, plant-based diet, and his opposition to animal-derived food products.
Pescetarianism is the practice of incorporating seafood into an otherwise vegetarian diet. Pescetarians may or may not consume other animal products such as eggs and dairy products. Approximately 3% of adults worldwide are pescetarian, according to 2017–2018 research conducted by data and analytics companies.
Non-vegetarian food contains meat, and sometimes, eggs. The term is common in India, but not usual elsewhere. In the generally vegetarian environment of India, restaurants offering meat and fish usually have a "non-vegetarian" section of their menu, and may include the term in their name-boards and advertising. When describing people, non-vegetarians eat meat and/or eggs, as opposed to vegetarians. But in India, consumption of dairy foods is usual for both groups.
Charles Raymond Attwood was an American board-certified paediatrician and vegetarianism activist who promoted a low-fat diet.
What the Health is a 2017 documentary film which critiques the health effects of meat, fish, eggs and dairy products consumption, and questions the practices of leading health and pharmaceutical organizations. The film also advocates for a plant-based diet.
Fry Group Foods is a manufacturer of vegan meat substitutes founded by South Africans Wally and Debbie Fry in 1991. In March 2020 it joined LIVEKINDLY Collective, the global plant-based food company.
ProVeg International is a non-governmental organisation that works in the field of food system change and has ten offices globally. The organisation's stated mission is to reduce the consumption of animal products by 50% by 2040, to be replaced by plant-based or cultured alternatives. Instead of increasing the share of vegetarians and vegans, ProVeg's focus is on reducing animal product consumption in the general population.
Otto Heinrich Carque was a French–American businessman, fruit grower, naturopath, raw foodist, vegetarian and writer. He was the first to use the term natural food.
Garth Philip Davis is an American bariatric surgeon, physician and author. Davis specializes in weight management and is known for his advocacy of plant-based nutrition.
Alan Desmond is an Irish consultant gastroenterologist and writer known for his advocacy of plant-based nutrition.
Susan Marie Levin was an American registered dietitian, advocate of plant-based nutrition and veganism activist. She was one of the authors of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics position on vegetarian diets in 2016.
References
- ↑ "Dr. Gemma Newman". bbcgoodfood.com. Retrieved 6 January 2022.
- 1 2 Moss, Brigid. (2021). "The GP who prescribes food before drugs". The Telegraph. Retrieved 6 January 2022.
- 1 2 "Dr Gemma Newman". orchardsurgeryashford.nhs.uk. Retrieved 6 January 2022.
- 1 2 3 Lam, Marleen. (2020). "An Interview with the Plant-Power GP: Dr Gemma Newman". keepfitkingdom.com. Retrieved 6 January 2022.
- ↑ "About us". plantbasedhealthprofessionals.com. Retrieved 6 January 2022.
- ↑ "Gemma Newman, MD". richroll.com. Retrieved 6 January 2022.
- ↑ "Dr. Gemma Newman". vegfest.co.uk. Retrieved 6 January 2022.
- ↑ "VegMed Web 2021". vegmed.org. Retrieved 6 January 2022.
- ↑ Frost, Rosie. (2020). "Doctors say there is an 'urgent need' to reduce our meat consumption for planetary and human health". euronews.com. Retrieved 6 January 2022.
- 1 2 3 "Could a wholefood plant-based diet be the key to better health?". irishnews.com. Retrieved 6 January 2022.
- ↑ Newman, Gemma (2021). The Plant Power Doctor: A simple prescription for long-term good health and vitality. London: Penguin. ISBN 9781529107746 . Retrieved 6 January 2022.
- ↑ "Dr. Gemma Newman, nominated for VegfestUK Favourite Plant-Based Book of the Year". canadianveganmagazine.ca. Retrieved 6 January 2022.
- ↑ "VegfestUK Awards 2021". vegfest.co.uk. Retrieved 6 January 2022.
