Jacques Louis Buttner | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | 1876 |
| Education | Yale Medical School |
| Occupation | Physician, writer |
Jacques Louis Buttner (born 1876) was a French American physician and vegetarianism activist.
Jacques Louis Buttner | |
|---|---|
| | |
| Born | 1876 |
| Education | Yale Medical School |
| Occupation | Physician, writer |
Jacques Louis Buttner (born 1876) was a French American physician and vegetarianism activist.
Buttner obtained his M.D. from Yale Medical School in 1909 and received the Campbell Gold Medal for the highest rank on his examination and the Keese Prize for his thesis. [1] [2] In 1916, Buttner was described by the editor of the Journal of the American Medical Association as a "recognized representative in the literature of vegetarianism." [3] He argued for vegetarianism from a scientific basis. [4]
Buttner practiced medicine in New Haven, Connecticut. He was a member of the New Haven County Medical Association. [5]
In 1923, The New International Encyclopedia's entry for vegetarianism noted that "Buttner described a vegetarian as one who does not habitually make use of flesh food, in contradistinction to the habitual meat eater." [6]
Buttner is best known for his vegetarian book A Fleshless Diet, published in 1910. It was widely reviewed in medical journals with a mixed response. [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12]
Buttner argued that comparative anatomy and nutrition demonstrates that man is suited for a fleshless diet and that meat is dangerous and unnecessary. [7] [13] His recommended diet consisted of vegetables, eggs and milk. [14] Buttner wrote that "It is not illogical for vegetarians to use milk and eggs, as these animal products are distinctly less toxic than meat and also less likely to be disease-laden. They are obtained with a minimum of suffering on the part of the animals which furnish them to us." [15]
A review in the American Physical Education Review, praised the book for compiling useful dietetic research but commented that it failed to show scientific discretion in the selected material. [7] A review in the Journal of the American Medical Association recommended the book as a reference work whether or not one accepts Buttner's conclusions. [8] A review in The Medical Standard, noted that the book was a "piece of special pleading for the propaganda which it is designed to promote [… [9]
A negative review of the book in The Medical Era suggested that "Dr Buttner has correlated the usual arguments in favor of a vegetable diet, but has failed to show any scientific basis for the conclusions which he draws." [16] A review in the Yale Medical Journal concluded that "we do not agree that the total abstinence from flesh foods will produce the beneficial results that he maintains." [11]
It was positively reviewed in the Life and Health magazine as "so carefully written that it is worthy of consideration." [13] The American Journal of Clinical Medicine also positively reviewed the book as a "very reasonable and believable argument against the use of meat." [12]
Vegetarianism is the practice of abstaining from the consumption of meat. It may also include abstaining from eating all by-products of animal slaughter.
A lacto-vegetarian diet is a diet that abstains from the consumption of meat as well as eggs, while still consuming dairy products such as milk, cheese, yogurt, butter, ghee, cream, and kefir.
A plant-based diet is a diet consisting mostly or entirely of plant-based foods. Plant-based diets encompass a wide range of dietary patterns that contain low amounts of animal products and high amounts of plant products such as vegetables, fruits, whole grains, legumes, nuts and seeds. They do not need to be vegan or vegetarian but are defined in terms of low frequency of animal food consumption.
Woods Hutchinson was an English American physician and health writer. Hutchinson promoted the consumption of red meat and white bread and was strongly opposed to the ideas of vegetarianism.
The earliest records of vegetarianism as a concept and practice amongst a significant number of people are from ancient India, especially among the Hindus and Jains. Later records indicate that small groups within the ancient Greek civilizations in southern Italy and Greece also adopted some dietary habits similar to vegetarianism. In both instances, the diet was closely connected with the idea of nonviolence toward animals, and was promoted by religious groups and philosophers.
Eustace Hamilton Miles was a British real tennis player who competed in the 1908 Summer Olympics, restaurateur, and a diet guru who made his name selling health products and health advice to Edwardian Britons.
Dugald Patterson McDougall Semple was a Scottish advocate of simple living and animal welfare, naturalist, prolific author, and fruitarian. He is sometimes credited with co-founding the vegan movement in 1944 without using the term "vegan".
Paul Joseph Edmond Carton was a French physician, naturopath and practitioner of vegetarianism.
Lucius Duncan Bulkley was an American dermatologist and alternative cancer treatment advocate.
Emmet Densmore was an American businessman, physician and natural hygiene advocate who promoted an early version of the Paleolithic diet.
Francis Albert Rollo Russell was an English meteorologist and scientific writer. Russell was also an alternative cancer treatment advocate who promoted the idea that cancer is caused by excessive consumption of meat, alcohol, coffee and tea.
Fruits and Farinacea: The Proper Food of Man, Being an Attempt to Prove, from History, Anatomy, Physiology, and Chemistry, that the Original, Natural, and Best Diet of Man is Derived from the Vegetable Kingdom is an 1845 book advocating vegetarianism by John Smith.
Arnold Lorand (1865–1943) was an Austrian physician and longevity researcher.
Charles Walter Forward was a British animal rights and vegetarianism activist and historian of vegetarianism.
Why I Am a Vegetarian is an 1895 pamphlet based on an address delivered by J. Howard Moore before the Chicago Vegetarian Society. It was reprinted several times by the society and other publishers.
Francois Xavier Gouraud (1877–1913) was a French physician and dietitian.
Daniel Hartman Kress was a Canadian physician, anti-smoking activist, Seventh-day Adventist missionary and vegetarian.
What is Vegetarianism? is a 1886 pamphlet written by John E. B. Mayor on vegetarianism.
Alexander Haig was a Scottish physician, dietitian and vegetarianism activist. He was best known for pioneering the uric-acid free diet.
William Richard Cunningham Latson was an American physician, occultist, physical culturist and vegetarian.
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