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A vegan school meal or vegan school lunch or vegan school dinner or vegan hot lunch is a vegan option provided as a school meal. A small number of schools around the world serve vegan food or are vegan schools, serving exclusively vegan food.
Traditionally school meals, particularly those served in the United States and Europe, are made with meat and dairy products. In recent years schools there and in other geographic regions have begun adding vegan and plant-based options. [1] [2] [3] [4]
Culture, politics and government policies determine what food is served at school meals, and schools serving vegan meals are often responding to national policies or demands from local communities. Reasons cited for offering vegan school meals include concerns about nutrition, allergies, cultural diversity and sustainability. Schools that add vegan food options have faced complaints [5] and those that don't have it have faced criticism. [6]
In the United States, the addition of vegan lunches in schools is related to the Meatless Monday campaign. [7]
In 2006, Vegetarian Journal reported a survey of food service directors in the United States by the School Nutrition Association found "5% of elementary, 6% of middle, and 10% of high schools offer vegan options." [8] By 2017, the School Nutrition Association found 14% of school districts across the country offer vegan lunches compared to 11.5% of schools offering vegan lunch in 2016. [9]
In France, in accordance with the EGalim law, all school catering must offer at least one vegetarian menu per week since November 1, 2019. This should consist of a single menu based on plant proteins.[ citation needed ] In August 2021, the Climate and Resilience law passed in August 2021 confirmed the obligation of a weekly vegetarian menu. [10] This vegetarian menu can be vegan.
In 2016, the Israel Ministry of Health mandated that all schools serve weekly vegetarian meals, some of which are vegan. [4]
In Berlin, Germany in 2016, an administrative court ruled that schools are not obligated to provide vegan school meals. [11]
In 2017, Brazil adopted the Conscious Eating Brazil policy (Alimentação Consciente Brasil) with an aim of increasing fruits and vegetables and decreasing meat in the country's school lunches. The act led to some school districts adding vegan meals. [5]
In 2019, the Healthy Climate-Friendly School Lunch Act, which would mandate vegan options in all schools, was introduced into the state of California's legislature in the United States. [12]
In the United Kingdom, school meals must include fish, meat, or dairy.[ citation needed ] In 2020, Paul McCartney signed a letter to education secretary Gavin Williamson, which asked that the government change the requirement and allow schools to serve vegetarian and vegan meals. The campaign to change the UK School Food Standards is led by People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals and supporters include Greenpeace and the Royal Society for Public Health. [13] In 2022, the Oxfordshire County Council voted to provide vegan meals in schools two days a week and farmers protested. [14]
Vegan school lunches being served by schools include sloppy joes in Teofilandia, Brazil, [5] hummus pizza and Kung Pao tofu in Portland, Maine, USA, [9] [15] root vegetable soup in Porvoo, Finland, [16] vegan chicken nuggets in Deerfield, Illinois, USA, [17] vegan quesadillas and Sichuan noodles in Kittery, Maine, USA, [15] falafel sandwiches and stuffed vegan peppers at Fort Walton Beach, Florida, USA, [18] and vegan tamale and vegan teriyaki burgers in Los Angeles, California, USA. [19] At Our Lady of Sion School in Worthing, West Sussex, England school dinners include Fillet Fisch burger with tartare sauce & chips, butternut squash & sweet potato Tikka Masala with rice, and tofu tacos with Asian slaw. [20]
In 2022, New York City public schools adopted Vegan Fridays and serve vegan lunches on Fridays. These include chickpea wraps and veggie tacos. [21]
Vegan schools are schools that only serve vegan food to students.
In 2015, the MUSE School in Calabasas, California, became the first vegan K–12 school in the United States. [22] [23] [24]
The German International School in Chennai, India adopted veganism since the 2017–2018 academic year, becoming the first vegan K–12 school in India. [25]
In February 2022, the Our Lady of Sion School, an independent day school in Worthing, West Sussex, England, became the first school in the country to have a fully vegan school kitchen. It partners with Plant Based School Kitchens. [20]
Vegan dining halls are campus dining halls that exclusively offer plant-based meals.
North Texas University has offered a vegan-only dining hall since 2011. The dining hall has blazed many trails during the past 10 years, including reducing the university’s carbon footprint through Mean Green Acres. The hydroponic garden was built inside a specially designed, upcycled freight trailer behind the dining hall. At any given time, five to 11 different varieties of lettuce and herbs are grown in the container. On average, the dining hall serves more than 1,000 guests per day. In response to its popularity on campus, plans are underway to expand Mean Greens Café and the on-campus hydroponic garden program. [26] [27]
In 2012, the University of California San Diego opened the Roots dining hall that is fully vegan. [28] [29]
The Plant-Based Universities campaign is a student-run campaign begun in 2021 by Animal Rising with the goal of 100% plant-based catering in universities in response to the climate crisis. [30] Its chapters have initiated votes in students' unions. University of Birmingham, University College London, University of Stirling, and Queen Mary universities have voted to initiate 100% plant-based menus. [31] In 2023, more than 650 academics wrote a letter urging universities to support the campaign. [32]
In 2022, the Student Union at the University of Stirling in Stirling, Scotland, voted to become a vegan university as part of the campaign. The university, with about 17,000 students, will become 50% vegan for the 2023-2024 academic year and 100% vegan by 2025. [33]
In 2024, the Student Union at Lancaster University voted to join the Plant-Based Universities campaign. The students voted for the university to make 50% of the menu plant-based by 2025 and fully plant-based by 2027. [34]
The concern over climate change is causing more governments to lower emissions, including serving food with the least climate footprint. Friends of the Earth said that vegan school meals are beneficial for the planet, for the health of students and for the finances of the school system. [35] But in many school districts, the meat and dairy lobby retains its power, and in the United States schools are required to serve and promote cow's milk. [35] Those advocating for vegan lunch include Sir Paul McCartney, New York City Mayor Eric Adams, [36] journalist Avery Yale Kamila, [37] environmental advocate Suzy Amis Cameron, the Physician's Committee for Responsible Medicine, [35] The Vegan Society [38] the Humane Society's Forward Food programme, [37] and the U.S.-based New York Coalition for Healthy School Food. [39]
A meat alternative or meat substitute, is a food product made from vegetarian or vegan ingredients, eaten as a replacement for meat. Meat alternatives typically approximate qualities of specific types of meat, such as mouthfeel, flavor, appearance, or chemical characteristics. Plant- and fungus-based substitutes are frequently made with soy, but may also be made from wheat gluten as in seitan, pea protein as in the Beyond Burger, or mycoprotein as in Quorn. Alternative protein foods can also be made by precision fermentation, where single cell organisms such as yeast produce specific proteins using a carbon source; as well as cultivated or laboratory grown, based on tissue engineering techniques. The ingredients of meat alternative include 50–80% water, 10–25% textured vegetable proteins, 4–20% non-textured proteins, 0–15% fat and oil, 3-10% flavors/spices, 1-5% binding agents and 0-0.5% coloring agents.
A flexitarian diet, also called a semi-vegetarian or fauxtarian diet, is one that is centered on plant foods with limited or occasional inclusion of meat. For example, a flexitarian might eat meat only some days each week. Flexitarian is a portmanteau of the words flexible and vegetarian, signifying its followers' less strict diet pattern when compared to vegetarian pattern diets.
World Vegan Day is a global event celebrated annually on 1 November. Vegans celebrate the benefits of veganism for animals, humans, and the natural environment through activities such as setting up stalls, hosting potlucks, and planting memorial trees.
Boca Burger is a veggie burger produced by Kraft Heinz in Chicago, Illinois. Like all of Boca Foods' products, Boca Burgers serve as a meat alternative.
Vegan Outreach is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization advocating for farmed animal. It was founded in 1993 by Jack Norris and Matt Ball in Cincinnati, Ohio, and was originally named Animal Liberation Action (ALA).
Morningstar Farms is a division of Kellanova that produces vegan and vegetarian food. Many of their offerings are plant-based variations of traditionally meat products. Their products include meatless chicken nuggets, popcorn chicken, corn dogs, breakfast sausage, burgers, hot dogs, bacon, and pizza snack rolls with vegan cheese. Originally, Morningstar offered some, but not all vegan products. In 2019, Morningstar Farms announced all products would be vegan by 2021, but had not yet done so as of May 2024.
Rustlers are a range of hamburgers and hot sandwiches made by Kepak, a company based in Dublin, Republic of Ireland. Each product in the range comes packed with a sachet of sauce appropriate for the food. Several products are now also packaged with a slice of processed cheese and/or a rasher of bacon.
World Vegetarian Day is observed annually around the planet on October 1. It is a day of celebration established by the North American Vegetarian Society in 1977 and endorsed by the International Vegetarian Union in 1978, "To promote the joy, compassion and life-enhancing possibilities of vegetarianism." It brings awareness to the ethical, environmental, health, and humanitarian benefits of a vegetarian lifestyle. World Vegetarian Day initiates the month of October as Vegetarian Awareness Month, which ends with November 1, World Vegan Day, as the end of that month of celebration. Vegetarian Awareness Month has been known variously as "Reverence for Life" month, "Month of Vegetarian Food", and more.
Vegetarian and vegan dietary practices vary among countries. Differences include food standards, laws, and general cultural attitudes toward vegetarian diets.
Meatless Monday and Meat Free Monday are international campaigns that encourage people to not eat meat on Mondays to improve their health and the health of the planet.
Gardein is a line of meat-free foods produced by Conagra Brands. In 2003, the company was founded by Yves Potvin, who remained as the CEO of Gardein until 2016. In November 2014, Pinnacle Foods purchased Gardein for $154 million. Pinnacle was acquired by Conagra in 2018.
A kosher restaurant or kosher deli is an establishment that serves food that complies with Jewish dietary laws (kashrut). These businesses, which also include diners, cafés, pizzerias, fast food, and cafeterias, and are frequently in listings together with kosher bakeries, butchers, caterers, and other similar places, differ from kosher-style businesses in that they operate under rabbinical supervision, which requires the observance of the laws of kashrut, as well as certain other Jewish laws, including the separation of meat and dairy.
Vegetarian bacon, also referred to as veggie bacon, vegan bacon, vegan rashers, vacon, or facon, is a plant-based imitation of bacon.
Veggie Grill is a fast-casual vegan restaurant chain that operates in California, Oregon, Washington, Illinois, Massachusetts and New York. After first being opened in Irvine, California, it already had 29 restaurants across the United States in February 2018.
Veganuary is an annual challenge run by a UK nonprofit organisation that promotes and educates about veganism by encouraging people to follow a vegan lifestyle for the month of January. Since the event began in 2014, participation has increased each year. 400,000 people signed up to the 2020 campaign. The campaign estimated this represented the carbon dioxide equivalent of 450,000 flights and the lives of more than a million animals. Veganuary can also refer to the event itself.
Miyoko Schinner is an American-Japanese vegan chef, cookbook author, activist, cooking show host, social entrepreneur, and Faculty Lecturer at the University of California, Berkeley's Haas School of Business.
Avery Yale Kamila is an American journalist and community organizer in the state of Maine. Kamila has written a food column for the Portland Press Herald /Maine Sunday Telegram and its affiliated newspapers since 2009.
Lord of the Fries is an Australian and New Zealand casual dining fast food chain. It was originally based in Melbourne, before expanding into other regions. It serves only vegan dishes including loaded fries, veggie burgers, hot dogs and a number of various sides and breakfast items. Due to the menu consisting entirely of plant-based products, all meals from the chain are Kosher and Halal. The restaurants became 100% vegan in 2018. The founders are vegan as are most of the franchisees.
Aviv was a Middle Eastern vegan restaurant with several locations in Portland, Oregon. Guy Fieri visited the restaurant for a 2020 episode of the Food Network's Diners, Drive-Ins and Dives. Although Aviv had been popular, it closed in 2021 during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Mis Tacones is a Chicano and queer-owned vegan taquería in Portland, Oregon.