The Vegetarian Federal Union (VFU) was a British vegetarianism organisation founded in 1889, which operated until 1911.
In July 1889, a group of individuals from the London Vegetarian Society met and drew up plans to form what would become the Vegetarian Federal Union. [1] It was originally intended to bring together all of the British vegetarian societies under the umbrella of a "Vegetarian Union", with each society having a number of votes proportional to its membership. [2] In September of that year, after the first vegetarian International Congress in Cologne, Germany, the organisation was inspired to expand its focus to creating a global union of vegetarian societies. [2] It was officially started at a meeting on 1 October of the same year. [3] Arnold F. Hills of the London Vegetarian Society was elected as Chairman, [2] W. E. A. Axon was Vice-Chairman [4] and Josiah Oldfield was secretary. [5]
The organisation was superseded by the International Vegetarian Union in 1908. [6]
John Eyton Bickersteth Mayor was an English classical scholar and vegetarianism activist.
Barbara Bach, Lady Starkey, is an American actress and model, best known for her role as the Bond girl Anya Amasova in The Spy Who Loved Me. She is married to English musician and Beatles drummer, Ringo Starr.
The Vegetarian Society of the United Kingdom is a British registered charity which was established on 30 September 1847 to promote vegetarianism.
Francis William Newman was an English classical scholar and moral philosopher, miscellaneous writer and vegetarianism activist. He was the younger brother of Cardinal John Henry Newman.
Arnold Frank Hills was an English businessman, sportsman, philanthropist, and promoter of vegetarianism.
The International Vegetarian Union (IVU) is an international non-profit organization whose purpose is to promote vegetarianism. The IVU was founded in 1908 in Dresden, Germany.
The earliest records of vegetarianism as a concept and practice amongst a significant number of people are from ancient India, especially among the Hindus and Jains. Later records indicate that small groups within the ancient Greek civilizations in southern Italy and Greece also adopted some dietary habits similar to vegetarianism. In both instances, the diet was closely connected with the idea of nonviolence toward animals, and was promoted by religious groups and philosophers.
A semi-vegetarian diet (SVD), also called a flexitarian, is one that is centered on plant foods with the occasional inclusion of meat. Flexitarian is a portmanteau of the words flexible and vegetarian, signifying its followers' less strict diet pattern when compared to (other) vegetarian pattern diets.
The Humanitarian League was a British radical advocacy group, formed by Henry S. Salt, based in London, which operated between 1891 and 1919.
Howard Williams was an English humanitarianism and vegetarianism activist, and the author of The Ethics of Diet, a history of vegetarianism.
James Burns was a Scottish spiritualist, naturopath, journalist, vegetariansm activist and publisher.
Ernest Bell was an English author and publisher, animal rights activist, animal welfare campaigner, humanitarian and vegetarian.
William Horsell was an English hydrotherapist, publisher and vegetarianism activist. Horsell published the first vegan cookbook in 1849.
John Howard Moore was an American zoologist, philosopher, educator and socialist. He advocated for the ethical consideration and treatment of animals and authored several articles, books, essays and pamphlets on topics including education, ethics, evolutionary biology, humanitarianism, utilitarianism and vegetarianism. He is best known for his work The Universal Kinship (1906), which advocated for a secular sentiocentric philosophy he called the doctrine of "Universal Kinship", based on the shared evolutionary kinship between all sentient beings.
Josiah Oldfield TD, M.A., D.C.L., M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P was an English lawyer, physician and promoter of his own variant of fruitarianism which was virtually indistinguishable from lacto-ovo vegetarianism.
Thomas Holliday Barker was an English temperance and vegetarianism advocate.
What is Vegetarianism? is a 1886 pamphlet written by John E. B. Mayor on vegetarianism.
Henry John Williams was an English humanitarian, animal rights and vegetarianism activist, and the founder of the Order of the Golden Age.
Ernest Nyssens was a Belgian homeopath, naturopath, theosophist and vegetarianism activist.
Frank Wokes was an English biochemist, nutritionist and vegetarianism activist known for his research on the nutritional aspects of Vitamin B12 and Vitamin B12 deficiency. He was an early advocate of food fortification.