The Vegetarian Federal Union (VFU) was a British vegetarianism organisation founded in 1889, which operated until 1911.
The Vegetarian Federal Union (VFU) was a British vegetarianism organisation founded in 1889, which operated until 1911.
In July 1889, a group of individuals from the London Vegetarian Society met and drew up plans to form what would become the Vegetarian Federal Union. [1] It was originally intended to bring together all of the British vegetarian societies under the umbrella of a "Vegetarian Union", with each society having a number of votes proportional to its membership. [2]
In September, after the first International Vegetarian Congress in Cologne, Germany, the organisation was inspired to expand its focus to creating a global union of vegetarian societies. [2] It was officially started at a meeting on 1 October. [3] Arnold F. Hills of the London Vegetarian Society was elected as Chairman, [2] W. E. A. Axon was Vice-Chairman [4] and Josiah Oldfield was secretary. [5]
In 1895, the VFU's Executive Committee included Henry B. Amos, R. E. O'Callaghan, Josiah Oldfield and May Yates. [6]
The organisation was superseded by the International Vegetarian Union in 1908. [7]
Vegetarianism is the practice of abstaining from the consumption of meat. It may also include abstaining from eating all by-products of animal slaughter. A person who practices vegetarianism is known as a vegetarian.
A flexitarian diet, also called a semi-vegetarian or fauxtarian diet, is one that is centered on plant foods with limited or occasional inclusion of meat. For example, a flexitarian might eat meat only some days each week. Flexitarian is a portmanteau of the words flexible and vegetarian, signifying its followers' less strict diet pattern when compared to vegetarian pattern diets.
The Vegetarian Society of the United Kingdom (VSUK) is a British registered charity. It campaigns for dietary changes, licenses Vegetarian Society Approved trademarks for vegetarian and vegan products, runs a cookery school and lottery, and organises National Vegetarian Week in the UK.
Arnold Frank Hills was an English businessman, sportsman, philanthropist, and promoter of vegetarianism. He notably made an appearance for the England national football team in 1879.
The International Vegetarian Union (IVU) is an international non-profit organization whose purpose is to promote vegetarianism. The IVU was founded in 1908 in Dresden, Germany.
Vegetarian and vegan dietary practices vary among countries. Differences include food standards, laws, and general cultural attitudes toward vegetarian diets.
The earliest records of vegetarianism as a concept and practice amongst a significant number of people are from ancient India, especially among the Hindus and Jains. Later records indicate that small groups within the ancient Greek civilizations in southern Italy and Greece also adopted some dietary habits similar to vegetarianism. In both instances, the diet was closely connected with the idea of nonviolence toward animals, and was promoted by religious groups and philosophers.
The Humanitarian League was a British radical advocacy group formed by Henry S. Salt and others to promote the principle that it is wrong to inflict avoidable suffering on any sentient being. It was based in London and operated between 1891 and 1919.
The Order of the Golden Age (OGA) was an international animal rights society with a Christian, theosophical and vegetarian emphasis, which existed between 1895 and 1959.
Gordon Latto was a Scottish doctor, nutritionist, naturopath, and advocate for vegetarianism and against vivisection. He served as President of both the Vegetarian Society and International Vegetarian Union.
Vegetarian Society (Singapore) or VSS is a non-profit, non-denominational organisation. The Singapore-registered charity was established in 1999 to "Promote vegetarianism among the public and support and link individuals and organizations that practise, promote or endorse vegetarianism". VSS is the largest community for vegetarianism, veganism or any form of semi-vegetarianism in Singapore. Promoting a plant-based diet is one of the main goals.
William Horsell was an English hydrotherapist, publisher, and temperance and vegetarianism activist. Horsell published the first vegan cookbook in 1849.
Sidney Hartnoll Beard was an English fruitarian, vegetarian activist and writer. He was President of the international animal rights society, the Order of the Golden Age.
Josiah Oldfield was an English lawyer, physician, activist, and writer. He promoted his own variant of fruitarianism, which was virtually indistinguishable from lacto-ovo vegetarianism. Oldfield was a prolific writer of popular books on dietary and health topics. He also served in the Royal Army Medical Corps and received the Territorial Decoration for his service in World War I.
Henry John Williams was an English Anglican priest and activist for humanitarianism, animal rights and vegetarianism. He was the founder of the Order of the Golden Age, an international animal rights society.
Rupert Henry Wheldon was an American photographer and veganism activist.
Renan Larue is a French writer, literary scholar and historian of vegetarianism. He is the author of several books on vegetarianism or veganism, including Le végétarisme et ses ennemis (2015), a history of vegetarianism from Pythagoras until the modern day, and La pensée végane: 50 regards sur la condition animale (2020). In 2016 he offered the first course in vegan studies in the United States at the University of California, Santa Barbara.
Frank Wokes was an English biochemist, nutritionist and vegetarianism activist known for his research on the nutritional aspects of Vitamin B12 and Vitamin B12 deficiency. He was an early advocate of food fortification.
William Arthur Sibly, also known by his initials W. A. S., was an English headmaster and vegetarianism activist. He was the headmaster of Wycliffe College (1912–1947), succeeding the position from his father, who founded the school. He was a key figure in the vegetarian movement, serving as President of the International Vegetarian Union (1947–1953) and Past President (1953–1959), as well as President of the Vegetarian Society (1938–1959) and vice-president of the London Vegetarian Society.
James Christopher Street (1832–1911) was an English Unitarian minister and vegetarianism activist.
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