Company type | Public |
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TWSE: 9921 | |
Industry | Bicycle manufacturing |
Founded | Dajia, Taichung, Taiwan, 1972 |
Founder | King Liu |
Headquarters | |
Products | Bicycles |
Production output | 6.6 million (2014) [1] |
Revenue | 81,839,870,000 New Taiwan dollar (2021) |
8,709,287,000 New Taiwan dollar (2021) | |
6,307,509,000 New Taiwan dollar (2021) | |
Total assets | 58,062,286,000 New Taiwan dollar (2021) |
Number of employees | 10,001+ [2] |
Website | www |
Giant Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | |||||||||
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Giant Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | |||||||||
Traditional Chinese | 巨大機械工業股份有限公司 | ||||||||
Simplified Chinese | 巨大机械工业股份有限公司 | ||||||||
Literal meaning | Giant Industrial Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | ||||||||
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Giant | |||||||||
Chinese | 捷安特 | ||||||||
Literal meaning | Giant (phonetic transcription) | ||||||||
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Giant Manufacturing Co. Ltd. (commonly known as Giant) is a Taiwanese bicycle manufacturer,recognized as the world's largest bicycle designer and manufacturer. [1] [3] Giant has manufacturing facilities in Taiwan,the Netherlands,China and Hungary. They have future plans for Vietnam to be the fifth location.
Giant was established in 1972 in Dajia,Taichung County in Taiwan (now part of Taichung City),by King Liu and several friends.[ who? ] A major breakthrough came in 1977 when Giant's chief executive,Tony Lo,negotiated a deal with Schwinn to begin manufacturing bikes as an OEM,manufacturing bicycles to be sold exclusively under other brand names as a private label. As bike sales increased in the U.S.,and after workers at the Schwinn plant in Chicago went on strike in 1980,Giant became a key supplier,making more than two-thirds of Schwinn bikes by the mid-1980s,representing 75% of Giant's sales. When Schwinn decided to find a new source and in 1987 signed a contract with the China Bicycle Company to produce bikes in Shenzhen,Giant,under new president Bill Austin (formerly vice-president marketing at Schwinn),established its own brand of bicycles to compete in the rapidly expanding $200-and-above price range. In 1984,Giant also set up a joint venture,"Giant Europe",with Andries Gaastra of Dutch bicycle manufacturer Koga-Miyata. [4] In 1992,Gaastra sold his shares back,and Giant became a full shareholder of Giant Europe.
By 2018,Giant had sales in over 50 countries,in more than 12,000 [5] retail stores. Its total annual sales in 2017 reached 6.6 million bicycles with revenue of US$1.9 billion. [6]
Most of its merchandise is destined for the European Union,the United States,Japan,and Taiwan.
With the coronavirus pandemic,the demand for Giant's bicycles increased. Bicycle manufacturing skyrocketed in Taiwan,fueled by global demand sparked by fear of contracting the coronavirus on crowded buses and trains in Europe or America,or by the need for outdoor activities after weeks of confinement. With this increase in demand,Giant is planning to build a new large plant in the European Union. In addition,the company is moving factories from China to Taiwan. [7]
COVID-19's effect on the bicycle industry is evinced by a 55% increase in Giant's revenue in the first quarter of 2021. E-bikes have accounted for 30% of sales. [8]
In 1996,Giant established their Mosh BMX division with the help of Redline Bicycles founder Linn Kastan and racer Jason Richardson. Mosh manufactured BMX bikes and parts,as well as managed a professional BMX racing team. [9] In 2002 Giant signed a three-year sponsorship deal with Satellite Sports Group (a company that then managed the former GT Air Show) to begin manufacturing Giant branded bikes to boost the Giant label. [10] These bikes were priced between $150 and $350,filling in the open entry level price gap that their Mosh labeled high-end bikes could not. Giant made bikes using the Mosh name until 2003 when it switched to labeling all high end stunt specific parts as Mosh parts. The parts were sold separately as well as on Giant labeled BMX bikes. [9] In 2008,Mosh was disbanded. [11]
In 2008 Giant launched the Liv/Giant sub-brand with products focused exclusively on the female cycling market. [12]
In 2014,the Liv/Giant sub-brand was re-branded to Liv. [13] The re-branding was meant to further differentiate the Liv brand products with existing Giant product,communicating the concept of "designed by women for women". All Liv products are designed from the ground up including frame geometry and carbon layup,and utilizes separate molds and designs that separate it from Giant branded products. As part of the rebranding,dedicated Liv stores and Liv zones within most Giant retailers were introduced. [14]
In 2015,Giant announced the global launch of its Momentum brand lifestyle bikes. The first two models,the iNeed Street and iWant Park,had an ARP of US$425 and were aimed at a younger,more urban demographic than Giant's more expensive performance road and mountain bikes. [15]
In July 2019,Giant launched CADEX,previously the name of their mass-produced carbon fiber bicycle launched in 1987,as their line of bicycle components,wheels,tires,and finishing kits. [16] Before the brand was officially launched,UCI WorldTeam teams sponsored by Giant (Team Sunweb on 2018,and CCC Pro Team on 2019) were seen with components branded as #Overachieve,which Giant says were race-tested prototypes of the CADEX components. This line was designed to "develop superior cycling components for pro racers" and compete directly with the Specialized S-Works line. [17]
In 1987,Giant introduced the CADEX carbon fiber road bike. Giant became the first bicycle maker to apply computer-aided design and volume production techniques to the production of carbon road bikes. [18]
In 1995,Giant designed the first road bicycle with a sloping top tube featuring a smaller rear triangle. The tighter chainstay-seatstay configuration is said to be inherently stiffer than a more conventional frame design,and because less material is used,the Compact Road design is also said to be lighter. [19] With more responsive cornering and improved acceleration,as well as improved aerodynamics,the Giant design became largely imitated.
By 1998,with Mike Burrows,Giant refined the design for racing by the professional ONCE team. This was only after initial resistance by the Union Cycliste Internationale and subsequent amendment to its regulations to allow for bicycles with a sloping top tube.
Giant road frames were originally made of 6061 (ALUXX) aluminium alloy and were also characterized by bladed forks and seat posts to reduce air resistance. Frames came in three sizes (small,medium,and large),with riders fitted through the use of stems and seat posts of different lengths. By 2018,Giant road frames were available in up to six sizes (X-Small,Small,Medium,Medium/Large,Large and X-Large).
In 2003,the Total Compact Road (TCR) frame was offered in carbon fiber construction and marketed as the TCR Composite range. In 2006,Giant added a higher-grade carbon fiber frame marketed as the TCR Advanced frame,which was characterized by an integrated seat post (ISP). These frames were most notably raced at the Tour de France by T-Mobile's professional team. Using this design,the seat post on the new frame must be cut precisely to fit the owner by a trained Giant dealer. The TCR Advanced SL frames with ISP continued to be raced internationally,most notably by the Rabobank team (2009–2013),Team Giant-Shimano (2014),Giant-Alpecin (2015–2016) and Team Sunweb (2017–2018).
In terms of other innovations,Giant also introduced its Maestro suspension in 2006. Maestro Suspension,according to Giant,is designed to deliver an efficient rear suspension power transfer. Maestro utilizes a setup of four pivot points and two linkages to create a floating pivot point that is designed to reduce pedal bob and enables the rear wheel to travel vertically.
As of 2020,Giant categorizes its bicycles by user:
Within each Level are several Uses,such as Race,Endurance,City,Cruiser,etc.
In late 2016,Giant announced the Road-E+ e-Bike,which features:
E-Bikes have become an increasingly popular type of bike of late. They now come in many different offerings,just like Giant offers with their normal bikes. The main three types are sorted into categories which are:Electric Road Bikes,Electric Mountain Bikes,Electric Adventure Bikes.
Giant's first foray into professional road cycling was with the defunct Spanish Team ONCE directed by Manolo Saiz using Giant TCR frames in custom sizes for each individual rider. Laurent Jalabert was one of the most notable cyclists in the ONCE Team.
Giant currently sponsors a number of cycling teams as well as individual athletes.
In road cycling,Giant celebrated multiple achievements as the bike supplier of UCI WorldTeam Team Sunweb (both men and women),which competes in the highest level of road cycling. They are most noted for when both men and women teams won the Team Time Trial event at the 2017 UCI World Championships in Bergen,Norway. Notable riders include Tom Dumoulin,winner of the pink jersey in the 2017 Giro d'Italia;Warren Barguil,winner of the polka-dot jersey in the 2017 Tour de France,and Michael Mathews,winner of the green jersey in the 2017 Tour de France.
In 2019,Giant switched sponsorship from Team Sunweb to CCC Pro Team.
Giant also sponsors many individual teams and athletes who range from ex-pros to current world champions. [22]
Kristian Blummenfelt is arguably Giant's most popular sponsored athlete,as he is currently one of the best triathletes in the world. He recently won an Olympic gold medal in Tokyo this summer as well as holds the records in the 70.3 and the 140.6 distances.
Hector Leonardo Paez is another well known sponsored athlete,as he is a previous world champion XC mountain bike champion.
Rahsaan Bahati is a former 10-time U.S. National Road Champion as well as the founder of the Bahati Foundation which works to build strong communities by providing underserved youth with bicycles.
Some of the teams that Giant sponsor include:The Giant Off-Road Factory Team,The Black Foxes,and Team Onyx. [23] Team Onyx is an all-black expedition racing team who have appeared on the show Worlds Toughest Race while competing in an Eco-Challenge.
In 2022 Giant entered a sponsorship with Team Jayco–AlUla.
The Cannondale Bicycle Corporation is an American division of Dutch conglomerate Pon Holdings that supplies bicycles. Its headquarters are in Wilton,Connecticut,with engineering offices in Freiburg,Germany. Frames are manufactured in Taiwan. Bikes are assembled in Taiwan,as well as in the USA and in The Netherlands for the local markets.
Trek Bicycle Corporation is a bicycle and cycling product manufacturer and distributor under brand names Trek,Electra Bicycle Company,Bontrager,and Diamant Bikes. The company has previously manufactured bikes under the Gary Fisher,LeMond Racing Cycles,Klein,and Villiger Bikes brand names. With its headquarters in Waterloo,Wisconsin,Trek bicycles are marketed through 1,700 independently owned bicycle shops across North America,subsidiaries in Europe,Asia,South Africa,as well as distributors in 90 countries worldwide. Nearly all Trek bicycles are manufactured outside the United States,in countries including the Netherlands,Germany,Taiwan,and China.
Gary Christopher Fisher is considered one of the inventors of the modern mountain bike.
Fuji Bikes is a brand of bicycles and cycling equipment currently owned by Advanced Sports International. The company is a descendant of Nichibei Fuji Cycle Company,Ltd. (日米富士自転車株式会社),a bicycle manufacturer originally established in Japan in 1899. The company took its name and logo from Mount Fuji,a Japanese symbol of strength and endurance.
The Schwinn Bicycle Company is an American company that develops,manufactures and markets bicycles under the eponymous brand name. The company was founded by Ignaz Schwinn (1860–1948) in Chicago in 1895. and became the dominant manufacturer of American bicycles. Schwinn first declared bankruptcy in 1992 and was restructured,in 2001 Schwinn again declared bankruptcy and was purchased by Pacific Cycle,now owned by the Dutch conglomerate,Pon Holdings.
Colnago Ernesto &C. S.r.l. or Colnago is a manufacturer of road-racing bicycles founded by Ernesto Colnago near Milano in Cambiago,Italy. It remained a family-controlled firm until May 4,2020,when it was announced that the UAE-based investment company,Chimera Investments LLC,had acquired a majority of the Colnago shares from Ernesto Colnago,although the headquarters will remain located in Italy after the acquisition. Instead of following his family's farming business,Ernesto Colnago chose to work in the cycle trade,and was apprenticed first to Gloria Bicycles at the age of 13,and subsequently taking up road racing. After a bad crash ended his racing career,he began subcontracting for Gloria,and opened his own shop in 1954,building his first frames the same year. While building frames,he remained much in demand as a racing mechanic. He was second mechanic on the Nivea team Giro d'Italia under Faliero Masi in 1955,eventually being employed as head mechanic for the Molteni team of Belgian cycling legend Eddy Merckx in 1963.
The Huffy Corporation is a supplier of bicycles with headquarters in Dayton,Ohio,United States.
Kestrel is an American bicycle brand which specializes in high-end bikes for triathlons and road racing. Kestrel has been owned by Advanced Sports International since 2007.
Independent Fabrication (IF) is a bicycle company located in Lynn,Massachusetts,USA. IF fabricates bicycle frames from steel,titanium and carbon fiber. Independent Fabrication has twice won the Bicycling Magazine "Dream Bike of the Year" with its carbon-tubed,titanium-lugged XS road frame. Independent Fabrication was founded by and is owned by its employees. In 2005,the company took part in a CNN television program called The TurnAround. The show paired a growing business with a mentor from a more successful company. Independent Fabrication was paired with Jeff Swartz,chief executive of Timberland.
A cruiser bicycle,also known as a beach cruiser or (formerly) motobike,is a bicycle that usually combines balloon tires,an upright seating posture,a single-speed drivetrain,and straightforward steel construction with expressive styling. Cruisers are popular among casual bicyclists and vacationers because they are very stable and easy to ride,but their heavy weight and balloon tires tend to make them rather slow. Another common feature is their ability to be customized with accessories including fenders,lights and saddle bags. They are designed for use primarily on paved roads,low speeds/distances,and are included in the non-racing/non-touring class and heavyweight or middleweight styles of the road bicycle type.
GT Bicycles is an American company that designs and manufactures BMX,mountain,and road bicycles. GT is a division of the Dutch conglomerate Pon Holdings,which also markets Cannondale,Schwinn,Mongoose,IronHorse,DYNO,and RoadMaster bicycle brands;all manufactured in Asia.
Kinesis Industry Co. Ltd. is a manufacturer of aluminum and carbon fiber bicycle frames,forks,and components. Based in Taiwan,it has a plant in Guangzhou,China,and an American subsidiary in Portland,Oregon that generates $5-$10 million in annual sales. The company was founded in 1989 by former employees of Giant Bicycles,and was headed by Tom Jeng until 2011,when he left to form Jovial Bike Components.
Ellsworth Handcrafted Bicycles is a bicycle manufacturer based in San Diego,CA. Founded by Tony Ellsworth in 1991,they produced a wide range of handmade bicycles made in the U.S.:mountain,road,beach cruisers,BMX,and fat bikes. The brand has gone through four ownership changes since 2014,and now focus on producing high-quality mountain bikes specifically in the genres of XC,trail,and enduro. Ellsworth also produce a designer/cruiser bike known as "The Ride"
Vitus is a British direct-to-consumer bicycle brand owned by Wiggle Ltd and is known for its range of medium to high-end road and mountain bikes. The brand has gained popularity for its innovative design and use of lightweight materials. Vitus bicycles have been ridden by numerous professional athletes and have achieved success in various cycling disciplines.
Nishiki is a brand of bicycles designed,specified,marketed and distributed by West Coast Cycle in the United States,initially manufactured by Kawamura Cycle Co. in Kobe,Japan,and subsequently by Giant of Taiwan. The bicycles were first marketed under the American Eagle brand beginning in 1965 and later under the Nishiki brand until 2001.
A BMX bike is a bicycle used for road cycle sport,specifically racing or stunt riding. BMX stands for bicycle motocross.
KOGA is a Dutch bicycle manufacturer based in Heerenveen,Friesland. The company is known for its long time partnership with Japanese frame manufacturer Miyata,producing bicycles and sponsoring racing teams under the brand name Koga Miyata. As of May 2010 the partnership ended and the company began manufacturing bicycles under the KOGA brand.
Velocite Bikes is a Taiwanese manufacturer of racing bicycle,mountain bike frames,bicycle wheels and other bicycle components. Notable collaboration partners include the National Cheng Kung University,National Center for High-Performance Computing,Oxeon and Acer Inc. Velocite specializes in carbon fiber composite products,but also manufactures bicycle frames and components using aluminium alloys. Its core bicycle frame models include the road bike frames "Magnus","Geos","Selene" and mountain bike frames "Flux",and "Flux Alloy". The firm is also one of the few manufacturers of full carbon road tubeless wheels,the "Velocite RT50". The firm have been sponsoring the UK based Matrix Fitness Racing Academy women's cycling team since 2012.