Hurricane Cindy (2005)

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Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
Disc Plain black.svg Tropical cyclone
Solid black.svg Subtropical cyclone
ArrowUp.svg Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

The origins of Hurricane Cindy were from a tropical wave that exited the west coast of Africa on June 24. The wave moved quickly westward across the Atlantic without much development until June 28. On that day, an area of convection, or thunderstorms, formed near the Lesser Antilles. The wave continued westward across the Caribbean, and was first included in the Tropical Weather Outlook (TWO) by the National Hurricane Center (NHC) on June 30. A day later, the convection became more concentrated to the southeast of Jamaica, which gradually became more organized. Late on July 3, the system developed into Tropical Depression Three about 80 mi (130 km) east of Mexico's Yucatán peninsula. Steered by a ridge to its north, the depression continued west-northwestward and moved ashore near Mahahual early on July 4. [1] [2] [3] [4] Once over land, the circulation became elongated, with a secondary circulation forming along the northern coast of the Yucatán. At that time, tropical cyclone forecast models had conflicting predictions for the system. Some anticipated little to no development, resulting in a weaker system moving toward northeastern Mexico or southern Texas. Other computer models anticipated a strengthening storm that would turn to the north toward Louisiana. [5] The depression emerged into the Gulf of Mexico late on July 4, where the thunderstorms organized into rainbands and an outflow pattern. On July 5, the depression intensified into Tropical Storm Cindy, as the circulation became better defined. [1] [6] [7]

By the time Cindy became a tropical storm, it was moving northward toward southern Louisiana, steered by a mid-level trough moving through the southeastern United States. [1] Due to an anticipated reduction in wind shear, the NHC forecast that Cindy would intensify to an estimated peak intensity of 50 mph (85 km/h). [7] However, Cindy would intensify more than expected as it turned northeastward. [1] Although its structure was asymmetrical at first, the storm's organized into an eye feature as the winds increased. [8] [9] Early on July 6, Cindy attained hurricane status just offshore Louisiana. Around 03:00  UTC that day it made landfall in southeastern Louisiana near Grand Isle. Operationally, the NHC assessed Cindy moved ashore as a strong tropical storm, although the agency upgraded it after the season due to reanalysis of radar-derived winds. The hurricane weakened to tropical storm status over land, and at 09:00 UTC that day, Cindy made its final landfall near Waveland, Mississippi with 50 mph (85 km/h) winds. It quickly weakened into a tropical depression, and Cindy merged with a stationary front on July 7, becoming an extratropical cyclone. The remnants continued northeastward across the southeastern United States, emerging into the western Atlantic on July 8 off the mid-Atlantic coast. The extratropical storm restrengthened slightly, passing near Nantucket before moving ashore Maine on July 9. After moving over Atlantic Canada, the remnants of Cindy dissipated over the Gulf of St. Lawrence on July 11. [1]

Preparations

Hurricane Cindy making landfall over Louisiana on July 6 TropicalStormCindy July6 2005.jpg
Hurricane Cindy making landfall over Louisiana on July 6

Upon Cindy's formation as a tropical depression, the government of Mexico issued a tropical storm warning from Punta Allen to Chetumal. The NHC issued tropical storm warnings for the northern gulf coast between Intracoastal City, Louisiana and Destin, Florida, but no hurricane warnings. [1]

The National Hurricane Center issued a Tropical Storm Warning from Morgan City, Louisiana to Destin, Florida, [10] and both tourists and residents evacuated the Louisiana and Florida coasts. [11] Workers were evacuated from six oil rigs in the storm's path, [12] and 23 coastal refineries stopped unloading oil as Cindy's approach made such activities dangerous. [13] Numerous flights in and out of New Orleans were cancelled and Amtrak suspended passenger rail service until after the storm passed. Recreational vehicles were told to leave Grand Isle in case a full-scale evacuation was needed. In Mississippi, jail inmates filled sandbags which would be distributed to flood prone areas throughout the state. [12]

Impact

Map showing rainfall totals across the eastern United States Cindy 2005 rainfall.png
Map showing rainfall totals across the eastern United States

In its formative stages, Cindy produced heavy rainfall across the Yucatán peninsula, with a peak 24 hour rainfall total of 2.8 in (71 mm) recorded in Cancún. [14] However, the effects were greatest in the United States, where Cindy's damage was estimated at US$320 million. As it moved ashore, the hurricane affected the coastal areas of the northern Gulf of Mexico with a storm surge, or rise in water, with a maximum reading of 6.20 ft (1.89 m) recorded at Ocean Springs, Mississippi, and a maximum tidal reading of 7.1 ft (2.2 m) recorded at Fort Morgan, Alabama. New Orlean's Lakefront Airport recorded gale-force winds for five and a half hours, with a maximum gust of 70 mph (113 km/h). [1] Cindy produced rainfall from Louisiana to as far northeast as Maine. The heaviest rainfall occurred in St. Bernard Parish, Louisiana, which recorded a total of 9.50 in (241 mm). [15] Three deaths were attributed to Cindy, all related to vehicles – a driver in Peachtree City drowned in a ditch, and two people died in Maryland from a car crash. [1] [16]

Across the southeastern United States, Cindy's strong winds knocked down trees and power lines, affecting about 278,000 people across New Orleans, as well as 35,000 residences in Alabama and 7,000 in both Florida and Mississippi were left without power following the storm. [17] [18] The storm's high tides caused some beach erosion near Grand Isle, Louisiana. [1] In New Orleans, Louisiana, scattered street flooding was reported. As thousands lost electrical power, the city experienced its worst blackout since Hurricane Betsy 40 years earlier. Although still listed as a "Tropical Storm" by the weather service at the time, many laypeople in New Orleans were under the impression that Cindy was a hurricane, and referred to it as "Hurricane Cindy" before it was officially upgraded. [19] [20] Many people in the New Orleans metropolitan area expected minimal effects from the storm, but were cleaning up debris and were without power for days after Cindy's passage. [21] [22] Even though it had weakened to a depression when it moved inland, Cindy's effects were still significant across the final portion of its track. The day after its landfall in southeastern Louisiana, Tropical Depression Cindy reached central Alabama. There its rainbands produced heavy rainfall and eight tornadoes. [23] Damage was mostly limited to trees and powerlines. [24] Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport in Atlanta recorded over 5 inches (130 mm) of rain on July 6, its sixth-highest one-day rainfall since records began in 1878; [25] most of the rain fell during just two hours (8–10 p.m. EDT). This is more rain than the area normally gets in all of July. [26] Due to the rain, the Atlanta Braves game against the Chicago Cubs was postponed. [27]

Cindy's remnant low moving across western and northern North Carolina combined with a frontal boundary to produce several supercell thunderstorms. [28] Continuing north, Cindy brought over 5 in (125 mm) of rain to areas as distant as Salisbury, Maryland. [29] In addition, Cindy's remnants produce moderate rainfall in Upstate New York causing light damage due to flooding and gusty winds, which downed some trees. [30]

Tornado outbreak

Hurricane Cindy
Hurricane Cindy 2005-07-05.jpg
Cindy shortly before reaching hurricane intensity south of New Orleans on July 5
Confirmed tornadoes by Fujita rating
FUF0F1F2F3F4F5Total
02615300044

As the remnants of Cindy weakened over Louisiana, it led to a two-day tornado outbreak across the southeastern United States. On July 6 alone, 67 tornado warnings were issued by the National Weather Service, single-day record in July until it was broken by Hurricane Beryl in 2024. [31]

The outbreak began as the remnants of Cindy weakened over Louisiana. As the storm weakened, strong thunderstorms began to develop along the edges of the system in Alabama. The first tornado touched down near Semmes, Alabama at 3:00 a.m. (CST). The tornado caused roof damage to several structures as well as knocking down several trees. [32] Over the next ten hours, several F0 and two F1 tornadoes touched down in Alabama and Florida. Later on July 6, the remnants of Cindy were moving over Alabama and the activity shifted into Georgia. At 8:45 pm (EST), a large tornado touched down near the Atlanta Motor Speedway causing severe damage to the structures in the complex. The tornado then moved into an airfield where several planes and helicopters were damaged. Numerous homes were damaged or destroyed by the tornado as well. The tornado was rated F2 by the NWS. [33] [34] The activity slowed for a short while before picking back up in early afternoon hours on July 7 as the remnants of Cindy moved through Georgia. At 2:10PM (EST) an F2 tornado touched down about seven miles south of Taylorsville, North Carolina where three buildings were damaged a mobile home was destroyed. [35] About an hour later, another F2 tornado touched down in North Carolina. It touched down about four miles north-northeast of Harmony. The tornado damaged several buildings before moving into Yadkin County where an additional 13 buildings were damaged as well as severe crop damage to the tobacco and corn farms. [36] By the nighttime hours, the activity was shifting into Virginia. Before the remnants of Cindy moved out into the Atlantic Ocean, seven F1 tornadoes touched down in Virginia. The outbreak ended early on July 8 as Cindy began to move out over the Atlantic.

Atlanta Motor Speedway tornado

Atlanta Motor Speedway, Georgia
F2 tornado
Cindy damage at Atlanta Motor Speedway.jpg
Collapsed building at the Atlanta Motor Speedway as a result of a tornado spawned by Cindy.
Max. rating1 F2 tornado
Fatalities0
Damage$71.5 million (2005 USD)
1Most severe tornado damage; see Fujita scale

At 8:45 pm (EST) on July 6, a large, half-mile-wide tornado touched down near the Atlanta Motor Speedway. The tornado was estimated to have had winds of 120 mph as it tore through the complex, making it an F2 on the Fujita scale. [34] Every building had sustained at least minor damage and some that were damaged beyond repair. On some of the condominiums, the roof had caved in. Most structures had their windows blown out. The five-story scoreboard was blown down as well. The track was not damaged, however, debris was littered all over it. [37] The tornado continued on its path of destruction towards the Tara Field Airport, west of the speedway. There, eleven planes and five vintage helicopters were damaged. The tornado then moved towards the Edgar Blalock Raw Water Reservation. At this point, the tornado had already been weakening and shrinking. The tornado turned to the northwest and crossed into Clayton County. The tornado lifted shortly after at around 9:04 p.m. (EST). [34] Damage from the tornado was extensive. About $40 million in damages was caused to the Speedway as many buildings needed to be torn down and rebuilt. [37] [38] Nearby the airport, a Chevron Auto service station was destroyed and at least 60 homes were severely damaged and over 200 others damaged along the tornados' nine-mile track. Power to most of Henry County was out due to the damage. [34] Following the tornado, all races scheduled to take place for several weeks were cancelled; the first race after the repair work was finished was to take place on October 30. [39]

In all, the tornado caused $71.5 million in damages.


July 6 events

List of confirmed tornadoes - Wednesday, July 6, 2005
F# LocationCountyCoord.Time (UTC)Path lengthDamage
Alabama
F0 Semmes area Mobile 30°47′N88°15′W / 30.78°N 88.25°W / 30.78; -88.25 09001 mile (1.6 km)The first tornado of the outbreak touched down around 3:00 a.m. CST near Semmes. Along the tornado's 1 mile (1.6 km) path, a few homes and outbuildings sustained roof damage. Several trees were also knocked down by the tornado. No injuries were reported as a result of the tornado and damages amounted to $50,000. [40]
F0 Chunchula area Mobile 30°55′N88°12′W / 30.92°N 88.2°W / 30.92; -88.2 09531 mile (1.6 km)A brief tornado touched down near Chunchula, knocking down several trees and power lines. No injuries were reported as a result of the tornado and damages amounted to $20,000. [41]
F0 Leroy area Washington 31°30′N87°59′W / 31.5°N 87.98°W / 31.5; -87.98 11200.5 miles (0.8 km)A brief tornado touched down near Leroy, knocking down several trees and power lines. No injuries were reported as a result of the tornado and damages amounted to $15,000. [42]
F0W of Walker Springs Clarke 31°32′N87°53′W / 31.53°N 87.88°W / 31.53; -87.88 11250.5 miles (0.8 km)Brief touchdown, tornado knocked down trees and power lines. Caused $15,000 in damages.
F0 Atmore area Escambia 31°02′N87°30′W / 31.03°N 87.5°W / 31.03; -87.5 12200.5 miles (0.8 km)Brief touchdown, damage was confined to trees. Caused $5,000 in damages.
F0 Watkins Bridge area Covington 31°05′N86°26′W / 31.08°N 86.43°W / 31.08; -86.43 15450.5 miles (0.8 km)Brief touchdown, tornado knocked down trees and power lines. Caused $15,000 in damages.
F0 Lockhart area Covington 31°01′N86°21′W / 31.02°N 86.35°W / 31.02; -86.35 15571 mile (1.6 km)Brief touchdown, tornado knocked down trees and power lines. Caused $15,000 in damages.
F1N of Autaugaville Autauga 32°30′N86°40′W / 32.5°N 86.67°W / 32.5; -86.67 18270.3 miles (0.5 km)Brief touchdown, tornado damaged one outbuilding. Caused $14,000 in damages.
F0NW of Vida Autauga 32°37′N86°41′W / 32.62°N 86.68°W / 32.62; -86.68 18360.2 miles (0.3 km)Brief touchdown, damage was confined to trees. Caused $3,000 in damages.
F0SSW of Cecil Montgomery 32°16′N86°01′W / 32.27°N 86.02°W / 32.27; -86.02 18427.6 miles (12.2 km)Tornado caused damage to a baseball complex. Caused $22,000 in damages.
F0W of Shorter Macon, Elmore 32°24′N85°59′W / 32.4°N 85.98°W / 32.4; -85.98 18555.6 miles (9.0 km)Tornado damaged a few structures. Caused $18,000 in damages.
F0SSW of Tallassee Elmore 32°31′N85°54′W / 32.52°N 85.9°W / 32.52; -85.9 19171.3 miles (2.1 km)Brief touchdown, tornado damaged three homes and one outbuilding. Caused $38,000 in damages.
F1NW of Tuskegee Macon 32°31′N85°48′W / 32.52°N 85.8°W / 32.52; -85.8 19340.1 miles (0.2 km)1 Injury Brief touchdown, tornado completely destroyed an auto body shop. Caused $48,000 in damages. [24]
F0SW of Prattville Autauga 32°25′N86°33′W / 32.42°N 86.55°W / 32.42; -86.55 19560.2 miles (0.3 km)Brief touchdown, tornado damaged a few trees. Caused $2,000 in damages.
F0E of Camp Hill Tallapoosa 32°48′N85°35′W / 32.8°N 85.58°W / 32.8; -85.58 20340.1 miles (0.2 km)Brief touchdown, no damage reported.
F0SW of Lafayette Chambers 32°44′N85°28′W / 32.73°N 85.47°W / 32.73; -85.47 20340.1 miles (0.2 km)Brief touchdown, no damage reported.
F0E of Opelika Lee 32°39′N85°13′W / 32.65°N 85.22°W / 32.65; -85.22 20401.2 miles (1.9 km)Brief touchdown, two mobile homes were damaged. Caused $34,000 in damages.
Florida
F0 Cantonment area Escambia 30°37′N87°20′W / 30.62°N 87.33°W / 30.62; -87.33 11501 mile (1.6 km)Brief touchdown, tornado knocked down several trees and power lines. Caused $20,000 in damages.
F0 Bratt area Escambia 30°58′N87°26′W / 30.97°N 87.43°W / 30.97; -87.43 12110.5 miles (0.8 km)Brief touchdown, tornado knocked down several trees and power lines. Caused $15,000 in damages.
F0 Laurel Hill area Okaloosa 30°58′N87°28′W / 30.97°N 87.47°W / 30.97; -87.47 15551 mile (1.6 km)Brief touchdown, tornado knocked down several trees and power lines. Caused $15,000 in damages.
Georgia
F0SW of Rocky Mount Meriwether 33°09′N84°41′W / 33.15°N 84.68°W / 33.15; -84.68 22300.3 miles (0.5 km)Brief touchdown, two mobile homes and a few vehicles were damaged. Caused $25,000 in damages.
F0N of Haralson Coweta 33°17′N84°34′W / 33.28°N 84.57°W / 33.28; -84.57 01000.1 miles (0.2 km)Brief touchdown, damage was confined to trees. Caused $1,000 in damages.
F0SE of Fayetteville Fayette 33°26′N84°26′W / 33.43°N 84.43°W / 33.43; -84.43 01101 mile (1.6 km)Brief touchdown, hundreds of trees were blown down, twisted, and uprooted along the path of the tornado, many causing damage to dozens of homes and vehicles. Trees fell through the roof of several homes. A couple of businesses in southeast Fayetteville reported extensive damage, with the roof blown off one building on Highway 85 Parkway. Caused $2 million in damages.
F2 Atlanta Motor Speedway to NNE of Lovejoy Henry, Clayton 33°23′N84°19′W / 33.38°N 84.32°W / 33.38; -84.32 01459 miles (14.5 km) See section on this tornado
F0W of McDonough Henry 33°27′N84°10′W / 33.45°N 84.17°W / 33.45; -84.17 01550.5 miles (0.8 km)Brief touchdown, a church and several homes were damaged. Several trees and power lines were also knocked down. Caused $150,000 in damages.
F1NE of McDonough Henry 33°29′N84°06′W / 33.48°N 84.1°W / 33.48; -84.1 01557 miles (11.3 km)Tornado tracked through mostly rural areas and damage was confined to trees and power lines. Caused $25,000 in damages.
Sources:

NCDC Tornado History Project 7/6/05

July 7 events

List of confirmed tornadoes - Thursday, July 7, 2005
F# LocationCountyCoord.Time (UTC)Path lengthDamage
South Carolina
F1W of Anderson Anderson 34°30′N82°48′W / 34.5°N 82.8°W / 34.5; -82.8 06430.5 miles (0.8 km)Brief touchdown, tornado struck a dock where it damaged about twelve sailboats, one of which was thrown 100 yards. Caused $150,000 in damages.
F1NW of Chesnee Spartanburg, Rutherford (NC) 35°11′N81°55′W / 35.18°N 81.92°W / 35.18; -81.92 14510.2 miles (0.3 km)Brief touchdown, one outbuilding had its roof torn off and one mobile home was picked up and dropped 50 to 100 ft from where it once stood, causing severe damage to it. Caused $50,000 in damages.
North Carolina
F2S of Taylorsville Alexander 35°50′N81°10′W / 35.83°N 81.17°W / 35.83; -81.17 17104 miles (6.4 km)Tornado destroyed one mobile home and damaged several homes. Caused $150,000 in damages.
F2NNE of Harmony Iredell, Yadkin 36°00′N80°45′W / 36.0°N 80.75°W / 36.0; -80.75 18108.6 miles (13.8 km)At least 13 structures were damaged or destroyed. In addition to the structural damage, damage to tobacco and corn crops was extensive. Caused $2.4 million in damages.
F1NE of Yadkinville Yadkin 36°09′N80°39′W / 36.15°N 80.65°W / 36.15; -80.65 18411.4 miles (2.3 km)Brief touchdown, damage was confined to trees. No structural damage reported.
F1E of Yadkinville Yadkin 36°08′N80°37′W / 36.13°N 80.62°W / 36.13; -80.62 18531.1 miles (1.8 km)Brief touchdown, damage was confined to trees. No structural damage reported.
F0 Lewisville area Forsyth 36°06′N80°25′W / 36.1°N 80.42°W / 36.1; -80.42 19308 miles (12.9 km)Damage was confined to trees. No structural damage reported.
F0 Ceffo area Person 36°27′N79°03′W / 36.45°N 79.05°W / 36.45; -79.05 19421 mile (1.6 km)Brief touchdown, no damage reported.
F0 Oak Ridge area Guilford 36°11′N79°59′W / 36.18°N 79.98°W / 36.18; -79.98 21205 miles (8.0 km)No damage reported.
F0N of Olivia Harnett 35°23′N79°07′W / 35.38°N 79.12°W / 35.38; -79.12 004012 miles (19.3 km)No damage reported.
Virginia
F1NW of Ararat Patrick 36°38′N80°33′W / 36.63°N 80.55°W / 36.63; -80.55 17220.6 miles (1.0 km)Brief touchdown, no damage reported.
F1N of Alberta Brunswick, Nottoway 36°58′N77°52′W / 36.97°N 77.87°W / 36.97; -77.87 00503.7 miles (6.0 km)Damage confined to trees. Caused $10,000 in damages.
F1 Winterpock area Chesterfield 37°21′N77°44′W / 37.35°N 77.73°W / 37.35; -77.73 02290.5 miles (0.8 km)Brief touchdown, minor damage to one home. Caused $5,000 in damages.
F1E of South Hill Mecklenburg 36°44′N78°07′W / 36.73°N 78.12°W / 36.73; -78.12 02554.5 miles (7.2 km)Tornado caused damage to several structures. Caused $5,000 in damages.
F1S of Beach Chesterfield 37°17′N77°36′W / 37.28°N 77.6°W / 37.28; -77.6 04150.5 miles (0.8 km)Brief touchdown, damage was mainly confined to a small forested area. Caused $3,000 in damages.
F1 Varina area Henrico 37°28′N77°24′W / 37.47°N 77.4°W / 37.47; -77.4 05150.1 miles (0.2 km)Brief touchdown, tornado blew the roof off an industrial barn. Caused $5,000 in damages
Sources:

NCDC Tornado History Project 7/7/05

July 8 events

List of confirmed tornadoes - Friday, July 8, 2005
F# LocationCountyCoord.Time (UTC)Path lengthDamage
Virginia
F1N of Capron Southampton 36°43′N77°12′W / 36.72°N 77.2°W / 36.72; -77.2 06201 mile (1.6 km)Brief touchdown, tornado caused minor damage. Caused $2,000 in damages.
F1 Saluda area Middlesex 37°36′N76°36′W / 37.6°N 76.6°W / 37.6; -76.6 07153 miles (4.8 km)Tornado blew the roof off one home. Caused $5,000 in damages.
Sources:

NCDC Tornado History Project 7/8/05

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Hurricane Babe was the second named storm and the first to impact the United States during the inactive 1977 Atlantic hurricane season. Forming out of a tropical wave on September 3, Babe began as a subtropical cyclone in the eastern Gulf of Mexico. The storm gradually intensified as it tracked westward. On September 5, the storm turned north and acquired tropical characteristics. Later that day, Babe intensified into a hurricane and attained its peak strength with winds of 75 mph (120 km/h) and a barometric pressure of 995 mbar. Several hours later, the hurricane made landfall in Louisiana and quickly weakened. By September 6, Babe had weakened to a tropical depression and later dissipated early on September 9 over North Carolina.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tropical Depression Five (2010)</span> Atlantic tropical depression in 2010

Tropical Depression Five was an Atlantic tropical cyclone that lasted for 12 hours, although its remnants persisted for almost another week. Its precursor was from a non-tropical trough east of Florida, and on August 10 it developed in the southeastern Gulf of Mexico. It was the fifth depression of the 2010 Atlantic hurricane season. The system was declassified as a tropical cyclone the following day, a remnant circulation later moved over Louisiana and Mississippi, producing heavy rainfall and causing flooding. Along the Florida coast, the system produced heavy waves that contributed to two deaths. Moving inland, the remnants of the depression reached central Alabama before turning southward. The system nearly redeveloped into a tropical cyclone on August 16 after it again reached the Gulf of Mexico, but it became disorganized and turned northward into Mississippi. The depression twice caused BP to delay work in building a relief well to combat the Deepwater Horizon oil spill.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tropical Storm Cindy (2017)</span> Atlantic tropical storm in 2017

Tropical Storm Cindy was a tropical storm in the Atlantic basin which became the first tropical cyclone to make landfall in Louisiana since Hurricane Isaac in 2012. The third named storm of the extremely active 2017 Atlantic hurricane season, Cindy formed out of a broad area of low pressure that developed in the northwestern Caribbean Sea near the Yucatán Peninsula in mid-June 2017. The disturbance gradually organized as it drifted northwards into the Gulf of Mexico, and was first designated as a potential tropical cyclone by the National Hurricane Center on June 19, before organizing into a tropical storm the next day. While slowly moving to the northwest, Cindy's intensification was slow due to the effects of dry air and moderate to strong wind shear. After peaking with sustained winds of 60 mph (95 km/h) on June 21, Cindy weakened slightly prior to making landfall in southwestern Louisiana on June 22. The storm quickly weakened after moving inland and degenerated into a remnant low on June 23, dissipating over the Mid-Atlantic on the following day.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hurricane Barry (2019)</span> Category 1 Atlantic hurricane in 2019

Hurricane Barry was an asymmetrical Category 1 hurricane that was the wettest tropical cyclone on record in Arkansas and the fourth-wettest in Louisiana. The second tropical or subtropical storm and first hurricane of the 2019 Atlantic hurricane season, Barry originated as a mesoscale convective vortex over southwestern Kansas on July 2. The system eventually emerged into the Gulf of Mexico from the Florida Panhandle on July 10, whereupon the National Hurricane Center (NHC) designated it as a potential tropical cyclone. Early on July 11, the system developed into a tropical depression, and strengthened into a tropical storm later that day. Dry air and wind shear caused most of the convection, or thunderstorms, to be displaced south of the center. Nevertheless, Barry gradually intensified. On July 13, Barry attained its peak intensity as Category 1 hurricane with 1-minute sustained winds of 75 mph (120 km/h) and a minimum central pressure of 993 millibars (29.3 inHg). At 15:00 UTC, Barry made its first landfall at Marsh Island, and another landfall in Intracoastal City, Louisiana, both times as a Category 1 hurricane. Barry quickly weakened after landfall, falling to tropical depression status on July 15. The storm finally degenerated into a remnant low over northern Arkansas on the same day, subsequently opening up into a trough on July 16. The storm's remnants persisted for another few days, while continuing its eastward motion, before being absorbed into another frontal storm to the south of Nova Scotia on July 19.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tropical storms Amanda and Cristobal</span> East Pacific and Atlantic tropical storms in 2020

Tropical Storm Amanda and Tropical Storm Cristobal were two related, consecutive tropical storms that affected Central America, southern Mexico, the Central United States, and Canada in late May and early June 2020. The first tropical cyclone formed in the East Pacific and was named Amanda. After crossing Central America, it regenerated into a second one in the Gulf of Mexico and was named Cristobal. Amanda was the second tropical depression and the first named storm of the 2020 Pacific hurricane season, and Cristobal was the third named storm of the extremely active 2020 Atlantic hurricane season, and the earliest third named storm in the North Atlantic Ocean on record. Cristobal's regeneration date in the North Atlantic eclipsed the date set by Tropical Storm Colin in 2016, which formed on June 5. It was also the first Atlantic tropical storm formed in the month of June since Cindy in 2017, and the first June tropical cyclone to make landfall in Mexico since Danielle in 2016.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hurricane Marco (2020)</span> Category 1 Atlantic hurricane

Hurricane Marco was the first of two tropical cyclones to threaten the Gulf Coast of the United States within a three-day period. The thirteenth named storm and third hurricane of the record-breaking 2020 Atlantic hurricane season, Marco developed from a fast-moving tropical wave west of the Windward Islands and south of Jamaica on August 20. The fast motion of the wave inhibited intensification initially, but as the wave slowed down and entered a more favorable environment, the system developed into a tropical depression, which in turn rapidly intensified into a strong tropical storm. Due to strong wind shear, Marco's intensification temporarily halted. However, after entering the warm waters of the Gulf of Mexico on August 23, Marco briefly intensified into a hurricane, only to quickly weaken later that evening due to another rapid increase in wind shear. Marco subsequently weakened to a tropical depression before degenerating into a remnant low early the next morning. Marco's remnants subsequently dissipated on August 26.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hurricane Sally</span> Category 2 Atlantic hurricane in 2020

Hurricane Sally was a destructive and slow-moving Atlantic hurricane that was the first hurricane to make landfall in the U.S. state of Alabama since Ivan in 2004, coincidentally on the same date in the same place. The eighteenth named storm and seventh hurricane of the extremely active 2020 Atlantic hurricane season, Sally developed from an area of disturbed weather which was first monitored over the Bahamas on September 10. The system grew a broad area of low-pressure on September 11, and was designated as a tropical depression late that day. Early the next day, the depression made landfall at Key Biscayne and subsequently strengthened into Tropical Storm Sally that afternoon. Moderate northwesterly shear prevented significant intensification for the first two days, but convection continued to grow towards the center and Sally slowly intensified. On September 14, a center reformation into the center of the convection occurred, and data from a hurricane hunter reconnaissance aircraft showed that Sally had rapidly intensified into a strong Category 1 hurricane. However, an increase in wind shear and upwelling of colder waters halted the intensification and Sally weakened slightly on September 15 before turning slowly northeastward. Despite this increase in wind shear, it unexpectedly re-intensified, reaching Category 2 status early on September 16 before making landfall at peak intensity at 09:45 UTC on September 16, near Gulf Shores, Alabama, with maximum sustained winds of 110 mph (180 km/h) and a minimum central pressure of 965 millibars (28.5 inHg). The storm rapidly weakened after landfall before transitioning into an extratropical low at 12:00 UTC the next day. Sally's remnants lasted for another day as they moved off the coast of the Southeastern United States before being absorbed into another extratropical storm on September 18.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tropical Storm Beta (2020)</span> Atlantic tropical storm in 2020

Tropical Storm Beta was a tropical cyclone that brought heavy rainfall, flooding, and severe weather to the Southeastern United States in September 2020. The twenty-third tropical depression and twenty-third named storm of the record-breaking 2020 Atlantic hurricane season, Beta originally formed from a trough of low pressure that developed in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico on September 10. The low moved slowly southwestward, with development hampered initially by the development of nearby Hurricane Sally. After Sally moved inland over the Southeastern United States and weakened, the disturbance became nearly stationary in the southwestern Gulf, where it began to organize. By September 16, the storm had gained a low-level circulation center and had enough organization to be designated as Tropical Depression Twenty-Two. The system held its intensity for a day due to the influence of strong wind shear and dry air, before eventually attaining tropical storm strength. It slowly moved northward and intensified to a mid-range tropical storm before dry air and wind shear halted its intensification. Beta then became nearly stationary on September 19, before starting to move west towards the Texas coast the next day, weakening as it approached. On September 21, Beta made landfall near Matagorda Peninsula, Texas as a minimal tropical storm. It subsequently weakened to a tropical depression the next day before becoming post-tropical early on September 23. Its remnants moved northeastward, before the center elongated and merged with a cold front early on September 25.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hurricane Zeta</span> Category 3 Atlantic hurricane in 2020

Hurricane Zeta was a late-season major hurricane in 2020 that made landfall on the Yucatán Peninsula and then in southeastern Louisiana, the latest on record to do so at such strength in the United States. Zeta was the record-tying sixth hurricane of the year to make landfall in the United States. The twenty-seventh named storm, twelfth hurricane and fifth major hurricane of the extremely active 2020 Atlantic hurricane season, Zeta formed from a broad area of low pressure that formed in the western Caribbean Sea on October 19. After battling wind shear, the quasi-stationary low organized into Tropical Depression Twenty-Eight on October 24. The system strengthened into Tropical Storm Zeta early on October 25 before becoming a hurricane the next day as it began to move northwestward. Hurricane Zeta made landfall on the Yucatán Peninsula late on October 26 and weakened while inland to a tropical storm, before moving off the northern coast of the peninsula on October 27. After weakening due to dry air entrainment, Zeta reorganized and became a hurricane again, and eventually a Category 2 hurricane, as it turned northeastward approaching the United States Gulf Coast on October 28. It continued to strengthen until it reached its peak intensity as a major Category 3 hurricane with 115-mile-per-hour (185 km/h) sustained winds and a minimum pressure of 970 mbar (28.64 inHg) as it made landfall at Cocodrie, Louisiana, that evening. Zeta continued on through Mississippi and parts of Alabama with hurricane-force winds. Zeta gradually weakened as it accelerated northeastward, and became post-tropical on October 29, as it moved through central Virginia, dissipating shortly afterwards off the coast of New Jersey. After bringing accumulating snow to parts of New England, the extratropical low-pressure system carrying Zeta's remnant energy impacted the United Kingdom on November 1 and 2.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tropical Storm Claudette (2021)</span> Atlantic tropical storm in 2021

Tropical Storm Claudette was a weak tropical cyclone that caused heavy rain and tornadoes across the Southeastern United States in June 2021, leading to severe damage. The third named storm of the 2021 Atlantic hurricane season, Claudette originated from a broad trough of low pressure over the Bay of Campeche on June 12. The disturbance moved erratically over the region for the next several days, before proceeding northward with little development due to unfavorable upper-level winds and land interaction. Despite this, the National Hurricane Center (NHC) initiated advisories on it as a Potential Tropical Cyclone late on June 17, due to its imminent threat to land. The disturbance finally organized into Tropical Storm Claudette at 00:00 UTC on June 19 just before landfall in southeast Louisiana. Claudette weakened to a depression as it turned east-northeastward before moving through Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, and South Carolina. Baroclinic forcing then caused Claudette to reintensify into a tropical storm over North Carolina early on June 21 before it accelerated into the Atlantic Ocean later that day. Soon afterward, it degenerated into a low-pressure trough on the same day, before being absorbed into another extratropical cyclone on the next day.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tropical Storm Fred (2021)</span> Atlantic tropical storm in 2021

Tropical Storm Fred was a strong tropical storm which affected much of the Greater Antilles and the Southeastern United States in August 2021. The sixth tropical storm of the 2021 Atlantic hurricane season, Fred originated from a tropical wave first noted by the National Hurricane Center on August 4. As the wave drifted westward, advisories were initiated on the wave as a potential tropical cyclone by August 9 as it was approaching the Leeward Islands. Entering the Eastern Caribbean Sea after a close pass to Dominica by the next day, the potential tropical cyclone continued northwestward. By August 11, the disturbance had formed into Tropical Storm Fred just south of Puerto Rico, shortly before hitting the Dominican Republic on the island of Hispaniola later that day. The storm proceeded to weaken to a tropical depression over the highly mountainous island, before emerging north of the Windward Passage on August 12. The disorganized tropical depression turned to the west and made a second landfall in Northern Cuba on August 13. After having its circulation continuously disrupted by land interaction and wind shear, the storm degenerated into a tropical wave as it was turning northward near the western tip of Cuba the following day. Continuing north, the remnants of Fred quickly re-organized over the Gulf of Mexico, regenerating into a tropical storm by August 15. Fred continued towards the Florida Panhandle and swiftly intensified to a strong 65 mph (105 km/h) tropical storm before making landfall late on August 16 and moving into the state of Georgia. Afterward, Fred continued moving north-northeastward, before degenerating into an extratropical low on August 18. Fred's remnants later turned eastward, and the storm's remnants dissipated on August 20, near the coast of Massachusetts.

References

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  2. ↑ Richard Pasch; Richard Knabb (June 30, 2005). "Tropical Weather Outlook" (TXT). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved July 12, 2024.
  3. ↑ Lixion Avila (July 1, 2005). "Tropical Weather Outlook" (TXT). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved July 12, 2024.
  4. ↑ Lixion Avila (July 2, 2005). "Tropical Weather Outlook" (TXT). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved July 12, 2024.
  5. ↑ Jack Beven (July 5, 2005). Tropical Depression Three Discussion Number 3 (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved July 12, 2024.
  6. ↑ Stacy Stewart (July 5, 2005). Tropical Depression Three Discussion Number 6 (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved July 12, 2024.
  7. 1 2 Stacy Stewart (July 5, 2005). Tropical Storm Cindy Discussion Number 7 (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved July 12, 2024.
  8. ↑ Richard Pasch (July 5, 2005). Tropical Storm Cindy Discussion Number 8 (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved July 12, 2024.
  9. ↑ Stacy Stewart (July 6, 2005). Tropical Storm Cindy Discussion Number 10 (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved July 12, 2024.
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  20. ↑ Rick Minter (October 30, 2005). "Speedy recovery for Atlanta Motor Speedway". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution and TheConservativeVoice.com. Archived from the original on October 9, 2008. Retrieved August 12, 2008.
  21. ↑ Niki King (December 5, 2005). "Katrina victims make Christiansburg a home". The Roanoke Times. Archived from the original on January 4, 2013. Retrieved August 12, 2008.
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  24. 1 2 National Weather Service Forecast Office, Birmingham, AL (March 21, 2006). "Macon County F1 Tornado During Tropical Storm Cindy, July 6, 2005". National Weather Service. Archived from the original on September 7, 2008. Retrieved August 12, 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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