Karaikudi

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Karaikudi
Capital of Chettinad
City Corporation
Alagappa university wiki.jpg
Kundrakudi temple wiki.jpg
Kanadukathan palace.jpg
Alagappar museum wiki.jpg
Tamil thai kovil wiki.jpg
Karaikudi corporation office.jpg
Kkdi junction wiki.jpg
Clockwise from top: Alagappa University; Kunnakudi Murugan Temple; Vallal Dr. Alagappar Museum; Karaikudi Municipal Corporation; Karaikudi Junction; Tamil Thaai Temple; and Kanadukathan Palace
Nickname(s): 
Food City, City of Education, Heritage City of Tamil Nadu.
India Tamil Nadu location map.svg
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Karaikudi
Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India.
Coordinates: 10°04′25″N78°46′24″E / 10.073500°N 78.773200°E / 10.073500; 78.773200
CountryFlag of India.svg  India
State TamilNadu Logo.svg   Tamil Nadu
District Sivaganga
Region Chettinad
Government
 • Body Karaikudi City Municipal Corporation
 •  Mayor S. Muthudurai, DMK
Area
 • Total
94.31 km2 (36.41 sq mi)
 • Rank20th
Elevation
118 m (387 ft)
Population
 (2023)
 • Total
303,291
 • Rank28th
 • Density3,200/km2 (8,300/sq mi)
Languages
 • Official Tamil, English [1]
Time zone UTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN
630XXX
STD code 04565
Vehicle registration TN-63Z
Website karaikudilpa.com

Karaikudi is the largest city of Sivaganga district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is the centre of the Karaikudi Metropolitan Area, the 21st largest urban area of Tamil Nadu based on 2011 census data. It is part of the area commonly referred to as Chettinad and has been declared a City Municipal Corporation by the Government of Tamil Nadu, [2] [3] on account of the palatial houses built with limestone called Kaarai veedu. Karaikudi Municipal Corporation spreads about 94.31 km2 (36.41 sq mi) consists of 100 wards which undergoes major developments as part of Government Schemes. [4]

Contents

Karaikudi comes under the Karaikudi Assembly constituency, which elects a member to the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly once every five years, and it is a part of the Sivaganga Lok Sabha constituency, which elects its member of parliament (MP) once in five years. The town is administered by the greater Karaikudi Municipal corporation. This metropolitan city had a population of 303,291 in 2023. This metropolitan area consists of Karaikudi City Corporation which includes its neighbourhood towns of Kottaiyur, Koviloor, Kandanur, Puduvayal, and Sankarapuram (census town) and villages of Amaravathiputhur, Ariyakudi, Iluppakkudi, Managiri, Mathur, Peyampatti, Thiruvelangudi and Soorakudi.

This city is famous for Karaikudi Kandangi sarees a special type of sarees which come from and are woven in this area. The geographical indication presents the government of India of this Kandangi sarees. [5]  

The Chettinad cuisine originated in the areas around Karaikudi.

It is one of the few towns and cities in List of AMRUT Smart cities in Tamil Nadu selected for AMRUT Schemes [6] from central government and the developmental activities are taken care by the government of Tamil Nadu. [7]

History

The city derives its name from the thorny plant Karai, referred to in ancient literature as Karaikudi, which in modern times has become Karaikudi. The town was established in the 19th century, and the oldest known structure is the Koppudaiya Nayagi Amman Temple. [8] Mahatma Gandhi delivered two speeches in Karaikudi in 1927 [9] [10] and Bharathiyar visited Karaikudi in 1919 to participate in an event. [11] After independence, the city saw significant growth in the industrial sector. [8] Karaikudi and surrounding areas are generally referred as "Chettinad". [12] [13] Chettinad comprises a network of 73 villages and 2 towns forming clusters spread over a territory of 1,550 km2 in the districts of Sivagangai and Pudukottai in the state of Tamil Nadu. Karaikudi is the largest town in Sivaganga district. Karaikudi and surrounding areas are very popular for their unique palaces, Chettinad Architecture based buildings and palatial mansions. Kannadasan Manimandapam, Kamban Manimandapam and Thousand windows house are other visitor attractions in Karaikudi. [14]

The first Temple for Mother Tamil, Tamil Thai Kovil is located in Karaikudi and was established in 1993. [15]

Demographics

Religions in Karaikudi (2011) [16]
ReligionPercent
Hinduism
 
83.9%
Islam
 
11.4%
Christianity
 
4.3%
Other or not stated
 
0.4%

As calculated for the town extension processes, the district administration office confirmed the population of Karaikudi is 303,291 in 2023. [17] According to 2011 census, Karaikkudi had a population of 181,125 with a sex-ratio of 1,000 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929. [18] A total of 19,619 children were under the age of six, constituting 10,405 males and 10,214 females. The average literacy rate of the town was 81.48%, compared to the national average of 72.99%. [18] The town had a total of 47504 households. There were a total of 60,069 workers, comprising 244 cultivators, 314 main agricultural labourers, 1,303 in household industries, 30,836 other workers, 17,372 marginal workers, 162 marginal cultivators, 2496 marginal agricultural labourers, 1345 marginal workers in household industries and 9,469 other marginal workers. [19] In Karaikudi, Hinduism is the majority religion with 83.9% of the total population, followed by Islam, 11.39%, Christianity, 4.3%, Jainism, 0.05%, Sikism, 0.01% and Others, the rest.

Geography

Karaikudi is located in Sivagangai district of Tamil Nadu State. The Trichy–Rameswaram Highway passes through Karaikudi. The Thennar River flows through South Karaikudi. Karaikudi is located at 10°04′N78°47′E / 10.07°N 78.78°E / 10.07; 78.78 . It has an average elevation of 82 metres (269 ft). The terrain of Karaikudi is predominantly flat. Rocky areas are found in the surrounding areas of Karaikudi town with more rocks towards the western side of the town. The soil is of the hard red lateritic type and is not suitable for cultivation. [20] The water table in the area is generally at depths of 3 to 6 ft (0.91 to 1.83 m) and rises to nearly 1 m (3 ft 3 in) below the ground level during rainy seasons. Since the 1970s, the water supply of the Karaikudi residents has depended on the deeper aquifers. [20] The average maximum temperature is about 34 °C (93 °F), and average minimum temperature is about 24 °C (75 °F). The annual average rainfall in Karaikudi is about 920 millimetres (36 inches).

Administration and politics

Elected members
Member of Legislative AssemblyS. Mangudi Indian National Congress [21]
Member of Parliament Karthi Chidambaram [22] Indian National Congress

Karaikudi was constituted as a municipality in 1928 and was upgraded to a Grade II Municipality in 1973, to Selection Grade in 1988, to special grade in 2013 and City Corporation in 2024 consists of 100 wards in total. [23] The area of the city is about 94.31 km2 [24] comprising the revenue towns of Kottaiyur and Kandanur and nearby villages of Kalanivasal, Sekkalai Kottai, Ilupakkudi Area, Ariyakudi Area, Koviloor, Managiri and Senjai. [25] The Karaikudi municipality has 36 wards and there is an elected councillor for each of those wards. [26] The functions of the municipality are devolved into six departments: general administration/personnel, Engineering, Revenue, Public Health, city planning and Information Technology (IT). [27] The legislative powers are vested in a body of 36 members, one each from the 36 wards. [28] The legislative body is headed by an elected chairperson assisted by a deputy chairperson. [29]

Karaikudi is a part of the Karaikudi assembly constituency and it elects a member to the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly once every five years. [30] The current member of the legislative assembly is S. Mangudi from INC party. [21] [31] Karaikudi is a part of the Sivaganga Lok Sabha constituency. The current Member of Parliament from the constituency is Karti Chidambaram from the INC.

Law and order in the city is maintained by the Sivaganga sub division of the Tamil Nadu Police headed by a Deputy Superintendent. There are three police stations in the city as North police station, south police station, Azhagappapuram police station are mainly being an all-women police station and town police station. There are special units like prohibition enforcement, district crime, social justice and human rights, district crime records and special branch that operate at the district level police division headed by a Superintendent of Police. [32]

Culture

Landmarks

Chettinad Cuisine originated in the areas around Karaikudi Chettinad cuisine wiki.jpg
Chettinad Cuisine originated in the areas around Karaikudi

Some prominent temples around the city are:

Economy

Kandangi Sarees and Chettinad Kottan are geographical indications, produced in 250 mills across the city. Kandangi Saree Wiki.jpg
Kandangi Sarees and Chettinad Kottan are geographical indications, produced in 250 mills across the city.

Major Companies and Govt Organisations

-Div-III is serving people transportation services for Sivaganga and Ramnathapuram Districts. It is operating from 1 April 1983.

Transport

By Air

Nearby airports include Tiruchirapalli International Airport (95 kilometres (59 mi)) and Madurai Airport (100 kilometres (62 mi)).

Though this city is well connected by roadways and railways. This town also has an unused airstrip called Chettinad airport also known as Karaikudi airport. This old British era airfield had been used during the world war 2. The government of India is planning to reopen this airfield under the UDAN scheme. [48]

By Rail

Karaikudi is well connected by railway network through Karaikudi Junction railway station, It is a major rail head serves the city and it has the suburban places around the city. [49] Complete list of railway stations in Karaikudi city limits can be found in Karaikudi Suburban Railway Stations with the station code details.

By Road

The town has two bus terminals namely "Rajaji Bus-stand" aka Old Bus terminal and new bus terminal. Buses that connect the Karaikudi city, nearby villages and smaller towns terminate at the Old bus-stand. The State Transport Corporation Buses To:Chennai, Bangalore, Coimbatore, Madurai, Trichy and near by cities run moffusil buses terminate at the New bus-stand Karaikudi Bus Terminal.[ citation needed ]

Education

It serves as one of the two headquarters of the Educational District in Sivaganga district. As of 2011, there were government schools and many private schools in Karaikudi and Alagappa university colleges, many private colleges in the city. [50] Alagappa University is located in this town and Alagappa Chettiar College of Engineering and Technology is the oldest college here and was established in 1953. [51] Alagappa Government Arts College and Alagappa Polytechnic College are located in Karaikudi area.

Many educational institutions in the town benefited from donations made by the businessman and philanthropist Alagappa Chettiar, who attended Sri Meenakshi Sundareswarar Vidyalaya. [52] The school, on Sivan Koil Street, dates back to 1913 and is now SMSV Higher Secondary School for Boys.

Utility services

Electricity supply to Karaikudi is regulated and distributed by the Tamil Nadu Electricity Board (TNEB). The town along with its suburbs forms the Sivaganga Electricity Distribution Circle. [53] Water supply is provided by the Karaikudi Municipality from seven borewells is located at Sambai Oothu (Artesian aquifer). [54] As per the municipal data for 2011, about 45 metric tonnes of solid waste were collected. The underground drainage system in the city is on board at process and the sewerage system for disposal of sullage is through septic tanks, open drains and public conveniences. [55] The municipality maintained a total of 46.55 km (28.92 mi) of storm water drains in 2011. [56] As of 2011, there was one government hospital and 13 private hospitals in the town. [57] [58] The municipality operates one daily market namely the Anna Daily Market and there are three weekly markets (Uzhavar Santhai) that cater to the needs of the town and the rural areas around it. [59]

See also

Related Research Articles

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chettinad</span> Region in Tamil Nadu, India

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alagappa University</span> State University located in Karaikudi

Alagappa University is a public university located in Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India. Originated from Alagappa Arts College, founded by Alagappa Chettiar in 1947, it was established in 1985 by an Act of the Tamil Nadu government. It was converted from a unitary type to an affiliating type by the Tamil Nadu Universities Act, 2002, with jurisdiction over arts and science colleges in the districts of Ramanathapuram district and Sivaganga district. The government colleges in the above districts have become the constituent colleges of Alagappa University.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ariyakudi</span> Village in Tamil Nadu, India

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Karaikudi is the largest city in Sivaganga district in Tamil Nadu, India. It is also the headquarters of the Chettinad region, which comes under Madurai railway division of the Southern Railway zone. The city has several railway stations, of which the Karaikudi Junction is the most important and busiest in the district and nearer parts of the region. This Junction is undergoing various developments by the Indian Railways AMRUT schemes. The undergoing electrification on Tiruvarur-Karaikudi line is expedited as the line demands more trains along with the reinstated schedules.

References

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  49. ↑ "Karaikudi Railway". Archived from the original on 10 April 2010. Retrieved 25 September 2010.
  50. ↑ "Educational Institutions". Karaikudi municipality. 2011. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
  51. ↑ "Karaikudi". Alagappa Chettiar College of Engineering and Technology. Retrieved 30 July 2013.
  52. ↑ Rajesh, Govindarajulu. "Life of Dr. Alagappa Chettiar ( 1909 - 1957 ) - The Verandah Club". theverandahclub.com. Retrieved 20 January 2024.
  53. ↑ "Important Address" (PDF). Indian Wind Power Association. 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 October 2012. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
  54. ↑ "Water Supply Details". Karaikudi Municipality. 2011. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
  55. ↑ "Waste management programme". Karaikudi Municipality. 2011. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
  56. ↑ "Storm water drains". Karaikudi Municipality. 2011. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
  57. ↑ "Hospitals in Karaikudi". Karaikudi Municipality. 2011. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
  58. ↑ "Karaikudi street lights". Karaikudi Municipality, Government of Tamil Nadu. 2011. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
  59. ↑ "Karaikudi markets". Karaikudi Municipality, Government of Tamil Nadu. 2011. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
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