Lake Gault | |
---|---|
Location | Fox Glacier, West Coast, South Island |
Coordinates | 43°25′49″S169°59′05″E / 43.43028°S 169.98472°E |
Surface area | 31.8 ha (79 acres) |
Average depth | 14.5 m (48 ft) |
Surface elevation | 333 m (1,093 ft) |
Lake Gault is a small glacial lake in South Westland, New Zealand, near the township of Fox Glacier. A walking track from Lake Matheson leads to the lake, which is surrounded by mature native forest. A small hydro-electric power plant was constructed piping water from the lake to power a gold mining dredge at Gillespies Beach. Endangered Ōkārito kiwi (rowi) have been released into the wild around Lake Gault.
Lake Gault is located at an altitude of 333 m (1,093 ft) in the Omoeroa Range. It has an area of 31.8 ha (79 acres) and an average depth of 14.5 m (48 ft). Its only access is via a 4-kilometre (2.5 mi) walking track that climbs 200 metres (660 ft) from the eastern shore of Lake Matheson. [1] The lake was created by glacial advance and retreat about 16,000 years ago, when moraines were deposited by what is now Fox Glacier in the Okarito Formation. [2]
Lake Gault drains into pakihi wetland to the north, part of Skiffington Swamp, which is itself drained to the west by the Waihapi Creek and to the east by the Hauraki Creek, both of which reach the coast of the Tasman Sea between Gillespies Point and the mouth of the Waikukupa River. [3]
Like nearby Lake Matheson, Lake Gault is dystrophic: its water is stained brown in colour with tannins leached from surrounding forest, low in nutrients, acidic, and has a sparse and specialised phytoplankton. [4] [5] And as in Lake Matheson the dark water creates spectacular reflected views of the Southern Alps, especially Aoraki / Mount Cook and Mount Tasman. [6] [7]
A pipeline takes water from Lake Gault over the ridgeline to a small hydroelectric power station on the Cook River flats. Built in the 1930s, the station powered a gold-mining dredge that worked the sands of Gillespies Beach 15 km to the west through to the 1940s. [6] In 1958 an earth dam was constructed between Lake Gault and Skiffington Swamp to the north to raise the lake level: by this time the hydroelectric plant was powering the village of Fox Glacier. [2]
A track over the ridgeline was cut in the 1930s to enable servicing of the power station intake at Lake Gault, but it gradually fell into disrepair. After being abandoned for 20 years, it was reopened in April 2019 in a year-long collaboration between the Fox Glacier community and the Department of Conservation. [7] [6] Repairing the overgrown track to "tramping" grade took more than a year, with volunteers carrying out most of the work. [8]
When the northern access road to the Fox Glacier was destroyed by a landslide in February 2019, the government announced a $3.9 million package to offset the loss to tourism by enhancing or upgrading other attractions in the area. One of those selected was the Lake Gault Track. [9] What had been a muddy and challenging 3–5 hour return hike was fully drained and gravelled to an "easy" grade by late 2020. A lookout point and bench at the lakeside allows views of the mountains, though these are best seen early in the morning of a calm, clear day. [6]
The forest around Lake Gault is largely composed of rimu, Southern rātā, and kāmahi. Horopito, tawheowheo, kiekie, and hutu are common understory trees, and ferns and mosses such as Lomaria discolor and the giant moss Dawsonia superba are found on the forest floor.
As well as the usual forest birds like New Zealand tomtit, grey warbler, and fantail, the forest around Lake Gault is a reintroduction site for the rowi (Apteryx rowi), New Zealand's rarest kiwi species. By the late 1990s the world population or rowi had fallen to less than 200, all found in a single forest near Ōkārito. A species recovery programme run by the Department of Conservation called Operation Nest Egg removes rowi eggs from nesting burrows, incubates them at the West Coast Wildlife Centre, and rears the birds to adult weight on a predator-free offshore island. When Ōkārito Forest proved too crowded for further release, the forest around Lake Gault was chosen as site for a new population of rowi, and 27 were released there in December 2018. [6] Most remained within a few hundred metres of the release site, but one travelled 12 km down the coast and inland, climbing the mountains behind Fox Glacier before having to be retrieved by a search-and-rescue team at an altitude of 1250 m. [10]
Fox Glacier is a 13-kilometre-long (8.1 mi) temperate maritime glacier located in Westland Tai Poutini National Park on the West Coast of New Zealand's South Island. Like nearby Franz Josef Glacier, Fox Glacier is one of the most accessible glaciers in the world, with a terminal face as low as 300 m above sea level, close to the village of Fox Glacier. It is a major tourist attraction and about 1000 people daily visit it during high tourist season.
Ōkārito Lagoon is a coastal lagoon on the West Coast of New Zealand's South Island. It is located 130 kilometres (81 mi) south of Hokitika, and covers an area of about 3,240 hectares (12.5 sq mi), making it the largest unmodified coastal wetland in New Zealand. It preserves a sequence of vegetation types from mature rimu forest through mānuka scrub to brackish water that has been lost in much of the rest of the West Coast. The settlement of Ōkārito is at the southern end of the lagoon.
Lake Kaniere is a glacial lake located on the West Coast of New Zealand's South Island, nearly 200 m deep and surrounded on three sides by mountains and mature rimu forest. It is regarded by many as the most beautiful of the West Coast lakes, and is a popular tourist and leisure destination.
Westland Tai Poutini National Park is a national park located on the western coast of New Zealand's South Island. Established in 1960 as Westland National Park to commemorate the centenary of the European settlement of Westland District, it covers 1,320 square kilometres of largely mountainous terrain and forest. The park borders the Aoraki / Mount Cook National Park along the Main Divide of the Southern Alps, and includes many of the West Coast's glaciers, most notably including the Fox / Te Moeka o Tuawe and Franz Josef / Kā Roimata o Hine Hukatere glaciers.
Lake Waikaremoana is located in Te Urewera in the North Island of New Zealand, 60 kilometres (37 mi) northwest of Wairoa and 80 kilometres (50 mi) west-southwest of Gisborne. It covers an area of 54 square kilometres (21 sq mi). From the Māori Waikaremoana translates as 'sea of rippling waters'.
The Okarito kiwi, also known as the rowi or Okarito brown kiwi, is a member of the kiwi family Apterygidae, described as new to science in 2003. The species is part of the brown kiwi complex, and is morphologically very similar to other members of that complex. It is found in a restricted area of the Ōkārito forest on the West Coast of New Zealand's South Island, and has a population of only about 600 birds.
Lake Matheson is a small glacial lake in South Westland, New Zealand, near the township of Fox Glacier. It was a traditional food-gathering place for local Māori. An easy walking track circles the lake, which is famous for its reflected views of Aoraki / Mount Cook and Mount Tasman.
Whataroa is a small township in southern Westland on the West Coast of New Zealand's South Island. It is located on alluvial flats to the west of the Whataroa River. State Highway 6 passes through Whataroa on its route from Ross to Franz Josef / Waiau. Hari Hari is 31 kilometres (19 mi) to the north-east, and Franz Josef is 32 km to the south-west.
Franz Josef is a small town in the West Coast region of the South Island of New Zealand. Whataroa is 32 kilometres (20 mi) to the north-east, and the township of Fox Glacier is 23 kilometres (14 mi) to the south-west. The Waiho River runs from the Franz Josef Glacier to the south, through the town, and into the Tasman Sea to the north-west.
Fox Glacier, called Weheka until the 1940s, is a village on the West Coast of the South Island of New Zealand. The village is close to the eponymous Fox Glacier / Te Moeka o Tuawe.
Bruce Bay is a bay and settlement in South Westland, New Zealand on the Tasman Sea. It is located on State Highway 6, 74 kilometres (46 mi) northeast of Haast and 45 kilometres (28 mi) southwest of Fox Glacier. The small settlement of Bruce Bay is located just south of the mouth of Mahitahi River. The bay is a nesting ground for the Fiordland crested penguin, and endemic Hector's dolphins and southern right whales can be observed from the shore on occasion. Some of the bush around the bay has been cleared for farming, and quartz stones can be found on the beach.
The Westland temperate forests, also known as the Westland temperate rainforests, is a temperate broadleaf and mixed forests ecoregion located along the central west coast of New Zealand’s South Island, also known as Te Waipounamu. These forests are found in the region of the Westland District, which spans approximately 11,880 square kilometers. It is bounded on the west by the Tasman Sea, and on the east by the Southern Alps. Much of this area is protected by the Westland Tai Poutini National Park.
Ōkārito is a small coastal settlement on the West Coast of New Zealand's South Island, 127 kilometres (79 mi) southwest of Hokitika, and 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) from State Highway 6. It is built at the southern end of the Ōkārito Lagoon at the mouth of the Ōkārito River. The settlement of The Forks is located just inland, on the banks of the river.
The West Coast Wildlife Centre is a kiwi-rearing facility in Franz Josef, New Zealand. A public-private partnership with the Department of Conservation and Te Rūnunga o Makaawhio of Ngāi Tahu, it hatches eggs of the kiwi species rowi and Haast tokoeka retrieved from the wild. It rears the chicks until they are large enough for transfer to outdoor enclosures as part of Operation Nest Egg. More than 50 per cent of all living rowi were hatched at the Wildlife Centre. It is also a tourist attraction with several captive tuatara, museum displays, and tours of the rearing facility.
Gillespies Beach is a black sand beach and settlement on the West Coast of New Zealand's South Island, 20 kilometres (12 mi) west of Fox Glacier township by road. It is bounded by Westland Tai Poutini National Park to the east, and the Tasman Sea to the west. The beach itself stretches about five kilometres (3.1 mi) from Gillespies Point / Kōhaihai in the north to Otorokua Point in the south.
Waiau Glacier Coast Marine Reserve is a marine reserve of the West Coast Region of New Zealand's South Island. It covers an area of 4,641 hectares or 46 km2, from 11 km south from Kohuamarua Bluff near Ōkārito, to Omoeroa Bluff, and about 4 km out to sea.
Lake Wahapo is a small glacial lake in South Westland, New Zealand, within the Westland Tai Poutini National Park and near the township of Whataroa. It was a traditional mahinga kai for local Māori. State Highway 6 skirts the lake's southern shore. The lake discharges to the Ōkārito River via a small hydroelectric power station commissioned in 1960. The ecology of the lake has altered considerably since 1967, when the Waitangitāhuna River changed course to flow into the lake.
Kangaroo Lake is a small dystrophic lake on the West Coast of New Zealand's South Island. The lake is roughly 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) east of the much larger Lake Brunner, and is popular with both duck hunters and recreational fishermen. There is no road access to the lake, with access only via tracks.
Thunder Creek Falls is a waterfall in Mount Aspiring National Park, Westland District, New Zealand. It is located in the Haast River valley, around 52 kilometres (32 mi) inland from Haast, near the Gates of Haast bridge on State Highway 6. The falls are about 28 metres (92 ft) high and the base is at an elevation of around 120 metres (390 ft) where it flows into the Haast River.
Gillespies Point is a small headland on the west coast of New Zealand's South Island. The point marks the north-eastern end of Gillespies Beach and the western end of Waikowhai Bluff, as well as the mouth of Waikowhai Stream. The point is deemed to have high conservation value despite not being covered by Westland Tai Poutini National Park or Waiau Glacier Coast Marine Reserve, and is a relatively untouched haul-out site of New Zealand fur seals.