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Determination of the fastest rail vehicle in the world varies depending on the definition of "rail".
The world record for conventional wheeled passenger trains is held by France's specially tuned TGV (Train à Grande Vitesse). Reduced to three cars, it broke the world record in April 2007, reaching 574.8 km/h (357.2 mph) on a 140 km section of track. [1]
The TGV is France's intercity high-speed rail service, operated by the SNCF, the state-owned national rail operator. The SNCF started working on a high-speed rail network in 1966 and later presented the project to President Valéry Giscard d'Estaing who approved it. Originally designed as turbotrains to be powered by gas turbines, TGV prototypes evolved into electric trains with the 1973 oil crisis. In 1976 the SNCF ordered 87 high-speed trains from GEC-Alstom. Following the inaugural service between Paris and Lyon in 1981 on the LGV Sud-Est, the network, centered on Paris, has expanded to connect major cities across France and in neighbouring countries on a combination of high-speed and conventional lines. The TGV network in France carries about 110 million passengers a year.
The maximum speed attained by a passenger train is held by Japan's experimental maglev train L0 Series, having achieved 603 km/h (375 mph) on a 42.8 km magnetic-levitation track in April 2015. [2]
Maglev is a system of train transportation that uses two sets of magnets, one set to repel and push the train up off the track, then another set to move the 'floating train' ahead at great speed taking advantage of the lack of friction. Along certain "medium range" routes Maglev can compete favorably with high-speed rail and airplanes.
The L0 Series is a high-speed maglev train that the Central Japan Railway Company is developing and testing. JR Central plans to use the L0 series on the Chūō Shinkansen railway line between Tokyo and Osaka, which is under construction.
Magnetic levitation, maglev, or magnetic suspension is a method by which an object is suspended with no support other than magnetic fields. Magnetic force is used to counteract the effects of the gravitational acceleration and any other accelerations.
The fastest manned rail vehicle was a manned rocket sled, which carried United States Air Force flight surgeon Colonel John Stapp at 1,017 km/h (632 mph).
The United States Air Force (USAF) is the aerial and space warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces. It is one of the five branches of the United States Armed Forces, and one of the seven American uniformed services. Initially formed as a part of the United States Army on 1 August 1907, the USAF was established as a separate branch of the U.S. Armed Forces on 18 September 1947 with the passing of the National Security Act of 1947. It is the youngest branch of the U.S. Armed Forces, and the fourth in order of precedence. The USAF is the largest and most technologically advanced air force in the world. The Air Force articulates its core missions as air and space superiority, global integrated intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance, rapid global mobility, global strike, and command and control.
A flight surgeon is a military medical officer practicing in the clinical field of aviation medicine. Although the term "flight surgery" is considered improper by purists, it may occasionally be encountered.
Colonel John Paul Stapp, M.D., Ph.D., was an American career U.S. Air Force officer, flight surgeon, physician, biophysicist, and pioneer in studying the effects of acceleration and deceleration forces on humans. He was a colleague and contemporary of Chuck Yeager, and became known as "the fastest man on earth". His work on Project Manhigh pioneered many developments for the US space program.
Unmanned rocket sleds that ride on rails have reached over 10,400 km/h (6,460 mph), equivalent to Mach 8.5. [3]
A rocket sled is a test platform that slides along a set of rails, propelled by rockets.
In fluid dynamics, the Mach number is a dimensionless quantity representing the ratio of flow velocity past a boundary to the local speed of sound.
Legend :
Direct current (DC) is the unidirectional flow of electric charge. A battery is a good example of a DC power supply. Direct current may flow in a conductor such as a wire, but can also flow through semiconductors, insulators, or even through a vacuum as in electron or ion beams. The electric current flows in a constant direction, distinguishing it from alternating current (AC). A term formerly used for this type of current was galvanic current.
A third rail is a method of providing electric power to a railway locomotive or train, through a semi-continuous rigid conductor placed alongside or between the rails of a railway track. It is used typically in a mass transit or rapid transit system, which has alignments in its own corridors, fully or almost fully segregated from the outside environment. Third rail systems are always supplied from direct current electricity.
Alternating current (AC) is an electric current which periodically reverses direction, in contrast to direct current (DC) which flows only in one direction. Alternating current is the form in which electric power is delivered to businesses and residences, and it is the form of electrical energy that consumers typically use when they plug kitchen appliances, televisions, fans and electric lamps into a wall socket. A common source of DC power is a battery cell in a flashlight. The abbreviations AC and DC are often used to mean simply alternating and direct, as when they modify current or voltage.
The following is a complete list of absolute world speed records for all trains designed to carry passengers, regardless of gauge, propulsion or type of rail,
Speed | Date | Line | Country | Train | Arr | Power | State | Comments |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
603 km/h (375 mph) | 2015-04-21 | Yamanashi Test Track | Japan | L0 Series | Multi | AC (Maglev) | Proto. | Seven-car train set, manned [2] |
590 km/h (367 mph) | 2015-04-16 | Yamanashi Test Track | Japan | L0 Series | Multi | AC (Maglev) | Proto. | Seven-car train set, manned [4] |
581 km/h (361 mph) | 2003-12-02 | Yamanashi Test Track | Japan | MLX01 | Multi | AC (Maglev) | Proto. | Three-car train set. Guinness Book of Records authenticated. [5] |
574.8 km/h (357 mph) | 2007-04-03 | LGV Est | France | SNCF TGV POS Set No. 4402 | Multi | AC | Tuned | Set formed of 2 power cars + 3 trailers. [6] Current world record on steel rails. |
552 km/h (343 mph) | 1999-04-14 | Yamanashi Test Track | Japan | MLX01 | Multi | AC (Maglev) | Proto. | Five-car train set. Guinness Book of Records authenticated.[ citation needed ] |
550 km/h (342 mph) | 1997-12-24 | Yamanashi Test Track | Japan | MLX01 | Multi | AC (Maglev) | Proto. | Three-car train set.[ citation needed ] |
517 km/h (321 mph) | 1979-12-21 | Miyazaki Test Track | Japan | ML-500R | Multi | AC (Maglev) | Proto. | [ citation needed ] |
515.3 km/h (320 mph) | 1990-05-18 | LGV Atlantique | France | SNCF TGV Atlantique Set No. 325 | Multi | AC | Tuned | Set formed of 2 power cars + 3 trailers.[ citation needed ] |
504 km/h (313 mph) | 1979-12-12 | Miyazaki Test Track | Japan | ML-500R | Multi | AC (Maglev) | Proto. | [ citation needed ] |
501 km/h (311 mph) | 2003-11-12 | Shanghai Maglev Train | China | Transrapid SMT | Multi | AC (Maglev) | Unmod. | Recorded in 2003 at a test run before the commercial operation in 2004 [7] |
487.3 km/h (303 mph) | 2010-12-03 | Beijing–Shanghai HSR | China | CRH380BL | Multi | Single phase | Unmod. | 16-car trainset [8] |
486.1 km/h (302 mph) | 2010-12-03 | Beijing–Shanghai HSR | China | CRH380AL | Multi | Single phase | Unmod. | 16-car trainset, near Sùzhōu [9] |
482.4 km/h (300 mph) | 1989-12-05 | LGV Atlantique | France | SNCF TGV Atlantique Set No. 325 | Multi | AC | Tuned | Set formed of 2 power cars + 3 trailers.[ citation needed ] |
443.0 km/h (275 mph) | 1996-07-26 | Tōkaidō Shinkansen | Japan | Class 955 Shinkansen | Multi | AC | Proto | [ citation needed ] |
425.0 km/h (264 mph) | 1993-12-21 | Jōetsu Shinkansen | Japan | Class 952/953 Shinkansen | Multi | AC | Proto | [ citation needed ] |
421.4 km/h (262 mph) | 2013-03-28 | Gyeongbu high-speed railway | South Korea | Hyundai Rotem HEMU-430X | Multi | AC | Proto | six-car train set. maximum speed test. |
411.5 km/h (256 mph) | 1974-08-14 | High Speed Ground Test Center | US | LIMRV [10] | Loc | Gas turbine | Proto | |
406.9 km/h (253 mph) | 1988-05-01 | Hanover-Würzburg HSR | West Germany | InterCityExperimental (ICE-V) | Multi | AC | Proto. | [ citation needed ] |
393.8 km/h (245 mph) | 2016-02-26 | AV Milano-Torino | Italy | ETR 1000 | Multi | AC | Unmod. | |
380 km/h (236 mph) | 1981-02-26 | LGV Sud-Est | France | SNCF TGV Sud-Est Set No. 16 | Multi | AC | Tuned | [ citation needed ] |
362 km/h (225 mph) | 2009-02-04 | Monte Bibele tunnel (Bologna-Firenze HSL) | Italy | ETR 500-Y | Multi | AC | Tuned | World record in tunnel. [11] |
331 km/h (206 mph) | 1955-03-29 | "Les Landes", between Bordeaux and Dax | France | Jeumont-Schneider BB 9004 | Loc | DC | Tuned | Pulling 3 cars. Train was specially modified for the test. The track was badly damaged by the test. [12] [13] |
320.6 km/h (199 mph) | 1955-03-28 | "Les Landes", between Bordeaux and Dax | France | Alsthom CC 7107 | Loc | DC | Tuned | [ citation needed ] |
275 km/h (171 mph) | 1967-12-20 | Northeast Corridor between Trenton and New Brunswick, New Jersey | US | United Aircraft Corp. (UAC) TurboTrain | GTEL | -- | Unmod. | -- |
253.2 km/h (157 mph) | 1977-11-21 | Krauss-Maffei's plant in Munich - Allach | West Germany | Transrapid 04 | Multi | AC (Maglev) | Proto. | [ citation needed ] |
250 km/h (155 mph) | 1973 | Krauss-Maffei's plant in Munich - Allach | West Germany | Transrapid 04 | Multi | AC (Maglev) | Proto. | [ citation needed ] |
245 km/h (152 mph) | 1980 | Rosslyn to De Wildt South Africa | South Africa | South African Class 6E | Loc | DC | Proto. | High speed pantographs was tested for British rail on locomotive number E1525. The idea was abandoned thereafter. |
243 km/h (151 mph) | 1954-02-21 | Between Dijon and Beaune | France | Alsthom CC 7121 | Loc | DC | Unmod. | [ citation needed ] |
215 km/h (134 mph) | 1939-06-23 | Germany | DRG SVT 137 155 (Kruckenberg) | Multi | Diesel-hydraulic | Unmod. | [ citation needed ] | |
205 km/h (127 mph) | 1936-02-17 | Germany | DRG SVT 137 233-234 "Bauart Leipzig" | Multi | Diesel-elec | Unmod. | First diesel train faster than 200 km/h (124 mph) [14] [15] } | |
202.58 km/h (126 mph) | 1938-03-07 | East Coast Main Line between Peterborough and Grantham | UK | LNER Class A4 4468 Mallard | Loc | Steam | unknown | Authenticated speed. International Steam Record Holder to this day. |
177 km/h (110 mph) | 1945-3-30 | Fort Wayne Line | US | Pennsylvania Railroad Class S2 #6200 | Loc | Steam Turbine | Unmod. | During a test run officially arranged by PRR on 30 March 1945, S2 #6200 with a dynamometer car towed, was able to pull a 17-car train over a distance of 48 kilometers at a speed of 110 mph (180 km/h) between Fort Wayne and Chicago. Ernest F G Cox, a British locomotive engineer, once travelled on the footplate and reported that "100mph was maintained and exceeded for 12 consecutive minutes". [ citation needed ] |
168.5 km/h (105 mph) | 1934-30-11 | East Coast Main Line near Essendine | UK | LNER Class A3 4472 Flying Scotsman | Loc | Steam | Unmod. | First authenticated run at over 100 mph with complete, surviving documentation.[ citation needed ] |
166.6 km/h (104 mph) | 1934-07-20 | US | Milwaukee Road class F6 #6402 | Loc | Steam | Unmod | A point between Oakwood, Illinois and Lake, Wisconsin. Also averaged 75.5 mph (122 km/h) on 85 miles (137 km) from Chicago, Illinois to Milwaukee, and 89.92 mph (145 km/h) for a 68.9 miles (110.9 km) stretch [16] | |
164 km/h (102 mph) | 1971-10 | Krauss-Maffei's plant in Munich - Allach | West Germany | Transrapid 02 | Single | AC (Maglev) | Proto. | 930 m test track which included one curve.[ citation needed ] |
161 km/h (100 mph) | 1934-11-30 | East Coast Main Line | UK | LNER Class A3 4472 Flying Scotsman | Loc | Steam | Unmod. | In 1934, Flying Scotsman achieved the first authenticated 100 mph (161 km/h) by a steam locomotive. [17] |
131.6 km/h (82 mph) | 1854-06 | UK | Bristol & Exeter Railway #41 | Loc | Steam | Unmod. | Broad gauge[ citation needed ] | |
125.6 km/h (78 mph) | 1850 | UK | Great Britain | Loc | Steam | Unmod. | 80 mph (129 km/h) claimed[ by whom? ][ citation needed ] | |
96.6 km/h (60 mph) | 1848 | US | Boston and Maine Railroad Antelope | Loc | Steam | Unmod. | First authenticated 60 mph (97 km/h),26 miles (42 km) in 26 minutes.[ citation needed ] | |
90 km/h (56 mph) | 1971-05-06 | MBB's Ottobrunn factory | West Germany | MBB Prinzipfahrzeug | Single | AC | Proto. | 660 m test track. Near Munich. MBB: Messerschmidt-Bölkow-Blohm, Prinzipfahrzeug: Principle vehicle.[ citation needed ] |
48 km/h (30 mph) | 1830 | Liverpool and Manchester Railway | UK | Stephenson's Rocket | Loc | Steam | Unmod. | [ citation needed ] |
46 km/h (29 mph) | 1829 | Rainhill Trials | UK | Stephenson's Rocket | Loc | Steam | Unmod. | [18] |
24 km/h (15 mph) | 1825 | UK | Locomotion No. 1 | Loc | Steam | Unmod. | [ citation needed ] | |
8 km/h (5 mph) | 1804-02-21 | UK | Richard Trevithick's world's first railway steam locomotive | Loc | Steam | Unmod. | [ citation needed ] |
The following is a list of verified absolute world speed records for conventional wheeled rail vehicles.
Speed | Date | Line | Country | Train | Arr. | Power | State | Comments |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
574.8 km/h (357 mph) | 2007-04-03 | LGV Est | France | SNCF TGV POS Set No. 4402 | Multi | AC | Tuned | Set formed of 2 power cars + 3 trailers. [6] Current world record on steel rails. |
515.3 km/h (320 mph) | 1990-05-18 | LGV Atlantique | France | SNCF TGV Atlantique Set No. 325 | Multi | AC | Tuned | Set formed of 2 power cars + 3 trailers.[ citation needed ] |
487.3 km/h (303 mph) | 2010-12-03 | Beijing–Shanghai HSR | China | CRH380BL | Multi | Single phase | Unmod. | 16-car trainset [19] |
486.1 km/h (302 mph) | 2010-12-03 | Beijing–Shanghai HSR | China | CRH380AL | Multi | Single phase | Unmod. | 16-car trainset, near Sùzhōu [20] |
482.4 km/h (300 mph) | 1989-12-05 | LGV Atlantique | France | SNCF TGV Atlantique Set No. 325 | Multi | AC | Tuned | Set formed of 2 power cars + 3 trailers.[ citation needed ] |
443.0 km/h (275 mph) | 1996-07-26 | Tōkaidō Shinkansen | Japan | Class 955 Shinkansen | Multi | AC | Proto | [ citation needed ] |
425.0 km/h (264 mph) | 1993-12-21 | Jōetsu Shinkansen | Japan | Class 952/953 Shinkansen | Multi | AC | Proto | [ citation needed ] |
406.9 km/h (253 mph) | 1988-05-01 | Hanover-Würzburg HSR | West Germany | InterCityExperimental (ICE-V) | Multi | AC | Proto. | [ citation needed ] |
380 km/h (236 mph) | 1981-02-26 | LGV Sud-Est | France | SNCF TGV Sud-Est Set No. 16 | Multi | AC | Tuned | [ citation needed ] |
331 km/h (206 mph) | 1955-03-29 | "Les Landes", between Bordeaux and Dax | France | Jeumont-Schneider BB 9004 | Loc | DC | Tuned | Pulling 3 cars. Train was specially modified for the test. The track was badly damaged by the test. [12] [13] |
320.6 km/h (199 mph) | 1955-03-28 | "Les Landes", between Bordeaux and Dax | France | Alsthom CC 7107 | Loc | DC | Tuned | [ citation needed ] |
243 km/h (151 mph) | 1954-02-21 | Between Dijon and Beaune | France | Alsthom CC 7121 | Loc | DC | Unmod. | [ citation needed ] |
202.6 km/h (126 mph) | 1938-07-03 | UK | LNER Class A4 No. 4468 Mallard | Loc | Steam | unknown | [21] [22] Downhill grade. Data indicates peak speed 202.6 km/h (126 mph), mean speed (half-mile) 201.2 km/h (125 mph). Mallard suffered an overheated crankpin during the run, but was repaired and returned to traffic within 9 days. [23] | |
215 km/h (134 mph) | 1939-06-23 | Germany | DRG SVT 137 155 (Kruckenberg) | Multi | Diesel-hydraulic | Unmod. | [ citation needed ] | |
213 km/h (132 mph) | 2018-09-08 | Greece | FS ETR 485 (Pendolino) | Multi | Electric | Unknown | [ citation needed ] | |
205 km/h (127 mph) | 1936-02-17 | Germany | DRG SVT 137 "Bauart Leipzig" | Multi | Diesel-elec | Unmod. | First diesel train faster than 200 km/h (124 mph)[ citation needed ] | |
180.3 km/h (112 mph) | 1935-09-29 | East Coast Main Line between Biggleswade and Sandy | UK | LNER Class A4 2509 Silver Link | Loc | Steam | unknown | Authenticated speed. Some sources say 112.5 mph.[ citation needed ] |
168.5 km/h (105 mph) | 1935-03-05 | East Coast Main Line near Essendine | UK | LNER Class A3 No. 2750 Papyrus | Loc | Steam | Unmod. | First authenticated run at over 100 mph with complete, surviving documentation.[ citation needed ] |
166.6 km/h (104 mph) | 1934-07-20 | US | Milwaukee Road class F6 #6402 | Loc | Steam | Unmod | A point between Oakwood, Illinois and Lake, Wisconsin. Also averaged 75.5 mph (122 km/h) on 85 miles (137 km) from Chicago, Illinois to Milwaukee, and 89.92 mph (145 km/h) for a 68.9 miles (110.9 km) stretch [16] | |
161 km/h (100 mph) | 1934-11-30 | East Coast Main Line | UK | LNER Class A3 4472 Flying Scotsman | Loc | Steam | Unmod. | In 1934, Flying Scotsman achieved the first authenticated 100 mph (161 km/h) by a steam locomotive. [17] |
131.6 km/h (82 mph) | 1854-06 | UK | Bristol & Exeter Railway #41 | Loc | Steam | Unmod. | Broad gauge[ citation needed ] | |
125.6 km/h (78 mph) | 1850 | UK | Great Britain | Loc | Steam | Unmod. | 80 mph (129 km/h) claimed[ by whom? ][ citation needed ] | |
96.6 km/h (60 mph) | 1848 | US | Boston and Maine Railroad Antelope | Loc | Steam | Unmod. | First authenticated 60 mph (97 km/h),26 miles (42 km) in 26 minutes.[ citation needed ] | |
48 km/h (30 mph) | 1830 | Liverpool and Manchester Railway | UK | Stephenson's Rocket | Loc | Steam | Unmod. | [ citation needed ] |
46 km/h (29 mph) | 1829 | Rainhill Trials | UK | Stephenson's Rocket | Loc | Steam | Unmod. | [18] |
24 km/h (15 mph) | 1825 | UK | Locomotion No. 1 | Loc | Steam | Unmod. | [ citation needed ] | |
8 km/h (5 mph) | 1804-02-21 | UK | Richard Trevithick's world's first railway steam locomotive | Loc | Steam | Unmod. | [ citation needed ] |
The following is a list of speed records for rail vehicles with electric traction motors and powered by electricity transferred to the train.
Speed | Date | Line | Country | Train | Arr. | Power | State | Comments |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
574.8 km/h (357 mph) | 2007-04-03 | LGV Est | France | SNCF TGV POS Set No. 4402 | Multi | Single phase | Tuned | Set formed of 2 power cars + 3 trailers. [6] Current world record. |
515.3 km/h (320 mph) | 1990-05-18 | LGV Atlantique | France | SNCF TGV Atlantique Set No. 325 | Multi | Single phase | Tuned | Set formed of 2 power cars + 3 trailers.[ citation needed ] |
487.3 km/h (303 mph) | 2010-12-03 | Beijing–Shanghai HSR | China | CRH380BL | Multi | Single phase | Unmod. | 16-car trainset [24] |
486.1 km/h (302 mph) | 2010-12-03 | Beijing–Shanghai HSR | China | CRH380AL | Multi | Single phase | Unmod. | 16-car trainset, near Sùzhōu [25] |
482.4 km/h (300 mph) | 1989-12-05 | LGV Atlantique | France | SNCF TGV Atlantique Set No. 325|- | Multi | Single phase | Tuned | Set formed of 2 power cars + 3 trailers.[ citation needed ] |
443.0 km/h (275 mph) | 1996-07-26 | Tōkaidō Shinkansen | Japan | Class 955 Shinkansen | Multi | Single phase | Proto | |
425.0 km/h (264 mph) | 1993-12-21 | Jōetsu Shinkansen | Japan | Class 952/953 Shinkansen | Multi | Single phase | Proto | |
421.4 km/h (262 mph) | 2013-03-28 | Gyeongbu high-speed railway | South Korea | Hyundai Rotem HEMU-430X | Multi | Single phase | Proto | six-car train set. maximum speed test. |
416.6 km/h (259 mph) | 2010-09-28 | Shanghai–Hangzhou HSR | China | CRH380A | Multi | Single phase | Unmod. | [26] |
408.4 km/h (254 mph) | 1988-12-12 | LGV Sud-Est | France | SNCF TGV Sud-Est Set No. 88 | Multi | Single phase | Tuned | [ citation needed ] |
406.9 km/h (253 mph) | 1988-05-01 | Hanover-Würzburg HSR | West Germany | InterCityExperimental (ICE-V) | Multi | Single phase | Proto. | [ citation needed ] |
403.7 km/h (251 mph) | 2006-07-15 | Guadalajara-Calatayud, | Spain | Siemens Velaro E (AVE S-103) | Multi | Single phase | Unmod. | 15–16 July [27] [28] |
380 km/h (236 mph) | 1981-02-26 | LGV Sud-Est | France | SNCF TGV Sud-Est Set No. 16 | Multi | Single phase | Tuned | [ citation needed ] |
362 km/h (225 mph) | 2009-02-03 | Between Florence and Bologna | Italy | ETR 500 Y1 | Multi | Single phase | Tuned | Indoor Italian speed record, in the Monte Bibele tunnel on the high speed line between Florence and Bologna. [29] [30] |
357 km/h (222 mph) | 2006-09-02 | Nuremberg-Munich high-speed rail line | Germany | Siemens EuroSprinter ES64U4 No. 1216 050-5 | Loc | Single phase | Unmod. | On Nuremberg-Munich high-speed rail line, locomotive owned by ÖBB, pulling one car. [12] [31] |
331 km/h (206 mph) | 1955-03-29 | "Les Landes", between Bordeaux and Dax | France | Jeumont-Schneider BB 9004 | Loc | DC | Tuned | Pulling 3 cars. Train was specially modified for the test. The track was badly damaged by the test. [12] [13] |
320.6 km/h (199 mph) | 1955-03-28 | "Les Landes", between Bordeaux and Dax | France | Alstom CC 7107 | Loc | DC | Tuned | [ citation needed ] |
319 km/h (198 mph) | 1979-12-07 | Oyama test track | Japan | Class 961 Shinkansen | Multi | Single phase | Proto. | test track, now part of Tōhoku Shinkansen [32] |
286 km/h (178 mph) | 1972-02-24 | Sanyō Shinkansen | Japan | Class 951 Shinkansen | Multi | Single phase | Proto. | [32] |
256 km/h (159 mph) | 1963-03-30 | Odawara test track | Japan | Class 1000 Shinkansen | Multi | Single phase | Proto. | Test track now part of Tōkaidō Shinkansen [32] |
243 km/h (151 mph) | 1954-02-21 | Between Dijon and Beaune | France | Alstom CC 7121 | Loc | DC | Unmod. | [ citation needed ] |
210.2 km/h (131 mph) | 1903-10-28 | Royal Prussian Military Railway between Marienfelde and Zossen | Germany | AEG Experimental three-phase railcar | Multi | Triphase | Proto. | Many sources say 27 October. [33] [34] [35] |
203 km/h (126 mph) | 1939-20-07 | Between Florence and Milan | Italy | ETR 200 | Multi | DC | Unmod. | Record average speed between Bologna and Milan [36] |
203 km/h (126 mph) | 1903-10-06 | Royal Prussian Military Railway between Marienfelde and Zossen | Germany | Siemens & Halske Experimental three-phase railcar | Multi | Triphase | Proto. | Some sources say 7 October, others say 200.99 km/h (125 mph) or an improbable 231 km/h (144 mph). [33] [37] [38] |
174 km/h (108 mph) | 1988-04-11 | South Western Main Line | UK | Class 442 (Wessex Electric) unit 2401 | Multi | DC 3rd rail | Unmod. | [ citation needed ] |
162.5 km/h (101 mph) | 1901 | Royal Prussian Military Railway between Marienfelde and Zossen | Germany | Siemens & Halske Experimental three-phase railcar | Multi | Triphase | Proto. | Some sources say 160 km/h (99 mph) or 162 km/h (101 mph). [39] |
The following is a list of speed records for rail vehicles with on-board fuel to generate electricity for traction motors such as diesel-electric locomotive, diesel electric multiple unit and gas turbine-electric locomotive trains.
Speed | Date | Line | Country | Train | Arr. | Power | State | Comments |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
318 km/h (198 mph) | 1972-12-08 | France | TGV 001 prototype | Multi | Gas | Proto. | [ citation needed ] | |
271 km/h (168 mph) | 1993-10-05 | Saint Petersburg — Moscow | Russia | TEP80 | Multi | Diesel-elec | Proto. | Claimed, [40] but no verification from an independent witness [41] |
256.38 km/h (159 mph) | 2002-06-12 | Spain | Talgo XXI | Multi | Diesel-elec | Proto. | Claimed by Spanish manufacturer[ citation needed ] | |
238 km/h (148 mph) | 1987-11-01 | East Coast Main Line | UK | Class 43 (HST) | Multi | Diesel-elec | Modified | Current official diesel speed record listed in 2006 Guinness Book of Records |
230.4 km/h (143 mph) | 1973-06-12 | East Coast Main Line | UK | HST prototype | Multi | Diesel-elec | Proto. | [ citation needed ] |
205 km/h (127 mph) | 1936-02-17 | Germany | DRG SVT 137 233-234 "Bauart Leipzig" | Multi | Diesel-elec | Unmod. | World speed record. First diesel train faster than 200 km/h (124 mph) [14] [15] | |
181 km/h (112 mph) | 1934-05-26 | US | Pioneer Zephyr | Loc | Diesel-elec | Unmod. | [ citation needed ] |
The following is a list of speed records for rail vehicles with on-board fuel to mechanical energy to drive vehicle's wheels such as diesel-hydraulic trains and gas turbine locomotive trains that use mechanical transmission to power the drive wheels.
Speed | Date | Line | Country | Train | Arr. | Power | State | Comments |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
275 km/h (171 mph) | 1967-12-20 | US | UAC TurboTrain | Multi | Gas | unknown | [42] | |
230 km/h (143 mph) | 1978-05-04 | Alcázar de San Juan - Rio Záncara | Spain | RENFE Class 353 | Single | Diesel-hydraulic | Unmod. | [ citation needed ] |
215 km/h (134 mph) | 1939-06-23 | Germany | DRG SVT 137 155 (Kruckenberg) | Multi | Diesel-hydraulic | Unmod. | [ citation needed ] |
The following is a list of speed records for steam locomotives.
Speed | Date | Line | Country | Train | Arr. | Power | State | Comments | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
202.6 km/h (126 mph) | 1938-07-03 | East Coast Main Line | UK | LNER Class A4 No. 4468 Mallard | Loc | Steam | Unmod. | [43] [22] Downhill grade. Data indicates peak speed 202.6 km/h (126 mph), mean speed (half-mile) 201.2 km/h (125 mph). Mallard suffered an overheated center big end bearing (or crankpin) during the run, but was repaired and returned to traffic within 9 days. [23] | |
200.4 km/h (125 mph) | 1936-05-11 | Germany | Borsig DRG series 05 002 | Loc | Steam | unknown | Level grade. [44] | ||
185.07 km/h (115 mph) | 1905-06-11 | US | Pennsylvania Railroad E2 #7002 | Loc | Steam | Unmod. | Claimed. Clocked at Crestline, Ohio at 127.1 mph (205 km/h) in 1905. However PRR Steam Locomotives did not carry speedometers at that time, speed was calculated by measuring time between mile markers, so this is not recognized as a speed record.[ citation needed ] | ||
182.4 km/h (113 mph) | 1972-10-11 | Germany | BR 18 201 | Loc | Steam | unknown | The fastest operational steam locomotive as of 2011 [update] .[ citation needed ] | ||
181.1 km/h (113 mph) | 1935-04-05 | US | Milwaukee Road class A #2 | Loc | Steam | unknown | Claimed to have sustained 112.5 mph (181 km/h) for 14 miles (23 km). Average speed for 136 miles (219 km) between Milwaukee and New Lisbon, Wisconsin was 74.9 mph (121 km/h). [16] | ||
180.3 km/h (112 mph) | 1935-09-29 | East Coast Main Line | UK | LNER Class A4 2509 Silver Link | Loc | Steam | unknown | Authenticated. Some sources say 112.5 mph.[ citation needed ] | |
177 km/h (110 mph) | 1945-3-30 | Fort Wayne Line | US | Pennsylvania Railroad Class S2 #6200 | Loc | Steam Turbine | Unmod. | During a test run officially arranged by PRR on 30 March 1945, S2 #6200 with a dynamometer car towed, was able to pull a 17-car train over a distance of 48 kilometers at a speed of 110 mph (180 km/h) between Fort Wayne and Chicago. Ernest F G Cox, a British locomotive engineer, once travelled on the footplate and reported that "100mph was maintained and exceeded for 12 consecutive minutes". [ citation needed ] | |
168.5 km/h (105 mph) | 1935-03-05 | UK | LNER Class A3 No. 2750 Papyrus | Loc | Steam | Unmod. | First run at 100+ mph with complete, surviving documentation.[ citation needed ] | ||
166.6 km/h (104 mph) | 1934-07-20 | US | Milwaukee Road class F6 #6402 | Loc | Steam | Unmod. | A point between Oakwood, Illinois and Lake, Wisconsin. Also averaged 75.5 mph (122 km/h) on 85 miles (137 km) from Chicago, Illinois to Milwaukee, and 89.92 mph (145 km/h) for a 68.9 miles (110.9 km) stretch [16] | ||
164 km/h (102 mph) | 1904-05-09 | UK | GWR 3700 Class 3440 City of Truro | Loc | Steam | Unmod. | Claimed to be the first steam locomotive to reach 100 mph (161 km/h).[ citation needed ] | ||
161 km/h (100 mph) | 1934-11-30 | UK | LNER Class A3 4472 Flying Scotsman | Loc | Steam | Unmod. | In 1934, Flying Scotsman achieved the first authenticated 100 mph (161 km/h) by a steam locomotive. [17] | ||
145 km/h (90 mph) | 1895-08-22 | UK | LNWR No. 790 Hardwicke | Loc | Steam | Unmod. | Maximum speed claimed, although average speed record was authenticated.[ citation needed ] | ||
131.6 km/h (82 mph) | 1854-06 | UK | Bristol & Exeter Railway #41 | Loc | Steam | Unmod. | Broad gauge[ citation needed ] | ||
131 km/h (81 mph) | 1893-05-10 | US | Empire State Express No. 999 | Loc | Steam | Unmod. | 112 mph (180 km/h) claimed, which would make it the first wheeled vehicle to exceed 100 mph (161 km/h). [45] [46] | ||
125.6 km/h (78 mph) | 1850 | UK | Great Britain | Loc | Steam | Unmod. | 80 mph (129 km/h) claimed[ citation needed ] | ||
96.6 km/h (60 mph) | 1848 | US | Boston and Maine Railroad Antelope | Loc | Steam | Unmod. | First authenticated 60 mph (97 km/h),26 miles (42 km) in 26 minutes.[ citation needed ] | ||
48 km/h (30 mph) | 1830 | UK | Stephenson's Rocket | Loc | Steam | Unmod. | [ citation needed ] | ||
24 km/h (15 mph) | 1825 | UK | Locomotion No. 1 | Loc | Steam | Unmod. | [ citation needed ] | ||
8 km/h (5 mph) | 1804-02-21 | UK | Richard Trevithick's world's first railway steam locomotive | Loc | Steam | Unmod. | [ citation needed ] |
The following is a list of speed records for rail vehicles that use air propulsion to move rail vehicles while the wheels are rolling along the track.
Speed | Date | Line | Country | Train | Arr. | Power | State | Comments |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
411.5 km/h (256 mph) | 1974-08-14 | High Speed Ground Test Center | US | LIMRV [10] | Loc | Gas turbine | Proto | |
295.72 km/h (184 mph) | 1966-07-23 | Butler, Indiana to Stryker, Ohio | US | New York Central Budd RDC-3 M-497 | Loc | Jet | Proto. | Jet aero engines (retrofitted to roof) |
280 km/h (174 mph) | 1928-06-23 | Germany | Opel RAK III | Loc | Rocket | Proto. | Unmanned. Some sources say 254 km/h (158 mph) or 290 km/h (180 mph). See:, . [47] [48] [49] [50] [51] | |
230.2 km/h (143 mph) | 1931-06-21 | Berlin - Hamburg | Germany | Schienenzeppelin | Single | Propeller | Proto. | Propeller-pushed railcar with a gasoline (petrol) aero engine. Engine by BMW.[ citation needed ] |
140 km/h (87 mph) | 1921-07-24 | Moscow-Tula | Soviet Union | Aerowagon | Single | Propeller | Proto. | Propeller-driven railcar with a gasoline (petrol) aero engine. |
Using an air cushion and a Monorail, the Aérotrain set on 5 March 1974 a mean speed of 417.6 km/h (259.5 mph) and a peak speed of 430.4 km/h (267.4 mph).
Speed | Date | Line | Country | Train | Arr | Power | State | Comments |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
245 km/h (152 mph) | 1978-10-31 | Between Westonaria and Midway | South Africa | SAR Class 6E1 (No. E1525) | Loc | Single phase | unknown | [52] [53] [54] Scheffel bogie |
175 km/h (109 mph) | 1960-11-21 | JNR Tōkaidō Main Line | Japan | JNR KuMoYa93 test car | Multi | DC | Proto. | 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) [55] |
163 km/h (101 mph) | 1959-07-31 | JNR Tōkaidō Main Line | Japan | JNR 151 series | Multi | DC | unknown | 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) [55] |
145 km/h (90 mph) | 1957-09-27 | JNR Tōkaidō Main Line | Japan | Odakyū 3000 series SE Romancecar | Multi | DC | unknown | 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) [56] |
136 km/h (85 mph) | 1914 | South-West Africa | OMEG Rail motor coach No. «Kronprinz» | Single | Gasoline | unknown | 600 mm (1 ft 11 5⁄8 in) Summer 1914. [56] | |
129 km/h (80 mph) | 1954-12-15 | JNR Tokaido Main Line | Japan | JNR C62 steam locomotive No. C62 17 | Loc | Steam | unknown | 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) [57] |
110 km/h (68 mph) | 1920 | Dutch East Indies | SS | Loc | Steam | unknown | 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm)[ citation needed ] |
Speed | Date | Line | Country | Train | Arr | Power | State | Comments |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
603 km/h (375 mph) | 2015-04-21 | Yamanashi Test Track | Japan | L0 Series | Multi | AC | Proto. | Seven-car train set, manned [2] |
590 km/h (367 mph) | 2015-04-16 | Yamanashi Test Track | Japan | L0 Series | Multi | AC | Proto. | Seven-car train set, manned [4] |
581 km/h (361 mph) | 2003-12-02 | Yamanashi Test Track | Japan | MLX01 | Multi | AC | Proto. | Three-car train set. Guinness Book of Records authenticated. [5] |
552 km/h (343 mph) | 1999-04-14 | Yamanashi Test Track | Japan | MLX01 | Multi | AC | Proto. | Five-car train set. Guinness Book of Records authenticated.[ citation needed ] |
550 km/h (342 mph) | 1997-12-24 | Yamanashi Test Track | Japan | MLX01 | Multi | AC | Proto. | Three-car train set.[ citation needed ] |
517 km/h (321 mph) | 1979-12-21 | Miyazaki Test Track | Japan | ML-500R | Multi | AC | Proto. | [ citation needed ] |
504 km/h (313 mph) | 1979-12-12 | Miyazaki Test Track | Japan | ML-500R | Multi | AC | Proto. | [ citation needed ] |
501 km/h (311 mph) | 2003-11-12 | Shanghai Maglev Train | China | Transrapid SMT | Multi | AC | Unmod. | Recorded in 2003 at a test run before the commercial operation in 2004 [7] |
411.5 km/h (256 mph) | 1974-08-14 | High Speed Ground Test Center | US | LIMRV [10] | single | Cable | Proto | |
253.2 km/h (157 mph) | 1977-11-21 | Krauss-Maffei's plant in Munich - Allach | West Germany | Transrapid 04 | Multi | AC | Proto. | [ citation needed ] |
250 km/h (155 mph) | 1973 | Krauss-Maffei's plant in Munich - Allach | West Germany | Transrapid 04 | Multi | AC | Proto. | [ citation needed ] |
164 km/h (102 mph) | 1971-10 | Krauss-Maffei's plant in Munich - Allach | West Germany | Transrapid 02 | Single | AC | Proto. | 930 m test track which included one curve.[ citation needed ] |
90 km/h (56 mph) | 1971-05-06 | MBB's Ottobrunn factory | West Germany | MBB Prinzipfahrzeug | Single | AC | Proto. | 660 m test track. Near Munich. MBB: Messerschmidt-Bölkow-Blohm, Prinzipfahrzeug: Principle vehicle.[ citation needed ] |
Speed | Date | Line | Country | Train | Arrangmt | Power | State | Comments |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
10,326 km/h (6,416 mph) | 2003-04-29 | Holloman Air Force Base | US | Rocket sled | Single | Rocket | Proto. | Unmanned. 6,416 mph (10,326 km/h) = Mach 8.4. Final stage of a four-stage sled train. Super Roadrunner rocket motor. 192 lb (87 kg) payload. For more than 2 miles (3 km) the sled was in a helium tube to reduce air friction. [3] |
9,845 km/h (6,117 mph) | 1982-10 | Holloman Air Force Base | US | Rocket sled | Single | Rocket | Proto. | Unmanned. It accelerated a 25 lb (11 kg) payload to a speed of 6,119 mph (9,848 km/h). [58] |
4,972 km/h (3,089 mph) | 1959 | China Lake, California | US | Rocket sled | Single | Rocket | Proto. | Unmanned. On SNORT (Supersonic Naval Ordnance Track).[ citation needed ] |
1,017 km/h (632 mph) | 1954-12-10 | Holloman Air Force Base | US | Rocket sled | Single | Rocket | Proto. | Manned by John Stapp. Fastest manned rocket-sled. Fastest manned rail vehicle. Fastest manned open-cockpit vehicle. [59] Zero to 1,017 km/h (632 mph) and back to zero in 1,100 metres (3,500 ft) total. [60] |
The following are the lists of world record average operating speeds between two stations. The average speeds are measured by the total time and the distance between the two stations.
Styles : [Currently active] - [Old service]
Average speed | Top speed | Train | Type | Location | From | To | Distance | Date from | Date to | Comments |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
316.7 km/h (197 mph) | 350 km/h (217 mph) | Fuxing Hao | Single phase | China | Beijing | Nanjing | 1,018.6 km (633 mi) | 2018 | On Beijing-Shanghai High-Speed Railway [61] | |
313.0 km/h (194 mph) | 350 km/h (217 mph) | CRH2 | Single phase | China | Wuhan | Guangzhou North | 922.0 km (573 mi) | 2009 | 2011 | On Wuhan-Guangzhou High-Speed Railway until July 2011. [ citation needed ] |
283.7 km/h (176 mph) | 300 km/h (310 km/h with +10 tolerance) | CRH380A | Single phase | China | Shijiazhuang | Zhengzhou | 383.0 km (238 mi) | 2010 | On Wuhan-Guangzhou High-Speed Railway [62] | |
279.3 km/h (174 mph) | 320 km/h (199 mph) | TGV Duplex | Single phase | France | Lorraine TGV | Champagne-Ardenne TGV | 167.6 km (104 mi) | 2007 | 2010 | On the LGV Est [63] |
263.4 km/h (164 mph) | 320 km/h (199 mph) | E5 series shinkansen | Single phase | Japan | Ōmiya | Sendai | 294.1 km (183 mi) | 2011 | 2017 | With the Hayabusa service on the Tohoku Shinkansen line [64] |
263.3 km/h (164 mph) | 320 km/h (199 mph) | TGV Duplex | Single phase | France | Lyon–Saint-Exupéry Airport | Aix-en-Provence | 289.6 km (180 mi) | 2005 | 2007 | On the LGV Méditerranée [65] |
261.8 km/h (163 mph) | 300 km/h (186 mph) | Nozomi Shinkansen | Single phase | Japan | Hiroshima | Kokura | 192.0 km (119 mi) | 1997 | 2005 | Operated by 500 Series Shinkansen [65] |
210.8 km/h (131 mph) | 300 km/h (186 mph) | ETR500, Frecciarossa 1000, ETR575 "Italo" | Single phase | Italy | MIlano Centrale | Bologna Centrale | 214.7 km (133 mi) | 2008 | On Milan-Bologna high speed railway | |
254.3 km/h (158 mph) | 300 km/h (186 mph) | TGV | Single phase | France | Gare de Lille Europe | Charles de Gaulle Airport | 203.4 km (126 mi) | 1995 | 1997 | On LGV Interconnexion Est and LGV Nord [66] |
163.0 km/h (101 mph) | 200 km/h (124 mph) | Etendard | Single phase | France | Saint-Pierre-des-Corps | Poitiers | 100.0 km (62 mi) | 1973 | ? | Class CC6500 locomotive, now by TGV[ citation needed ] |
162.8 km/h (101 mph) | 210 km/h (130 mph) | Hikari Shinkansen | Single phase | Japan | Tokyo | Shin-Ōsaka Station | 515.0 km (320 mi) | 1965 | ? | Stopped at Nagoya and Kyoto [ citation needed ] |
132.1 km/h (82 mph) | 160 km/h (99 mph) | Mistral | Single phase | France | Paris | Dijon | 315.0 km (196 mi) | 1964 | ? | [ citation needed ] |
130.4 km/h (81 mph) | 161 km/h (100 mph) | Morning Hiawatha | Steam | United States | Sparta, Wisconsin | Portage, Wisconsin | 126.0 km (78 mi) | 1939 | ? | 78.3 miles (126.0 km) in 58 minutes, [16] Milwaukee Road class F7. |
124.3 km/h (77 mph) | 160 km/h (99 mph) | Fliegender Hamburger | Diesel-elec. | Germany | Berlin | Hamburg | 286.0 km (178 mi) | 1933 | 1939 | DMU, 98 passengers[ citation needed ] |
114.8 km/h (71 mph) | 148.7 km/h (92 mph) | Cheltenham Spa Express | Steam | United Kingdom | Swindon | London | 124.3 km (77 mi) | 1932 | 1933 | 77.25 miles (124.32 km) in 65 minutes. Claimed by the Great Western Railway at the time to be the world's fastest train. Now operated by First Great Western in 57 minutes with Class 43 HST.[ citation needed ] |
High-speed rail (HSR) is a type of rail transport that operates significantly faster than traditional rail traffic, using an integrated system of specialized rolling stock and dedicated tracks. While there is no single standard that applies worldwide, new lines in excess of 250 kilometres per hour (160 mph) and existing lines in excess of 200 kilometres per hour (120 mph) are widely considered to be high-speed, with some extending the definition to include lower speeds in areas for which these speeds still represent significant improvements. The Tōkaidō Shinkansen, the first such system, began operations in Japan in 1964 and was widely known as the bullet train. High-speed trains normally operate on standard gauge tracks of continuously welded rail on grade-separated right-of-way that incorporates a large turning radius in its design.
The Beijing–Shanghai high-speed railway is a high-speed railway 1,318 kilometres (819 mi) long that connects two major economic zones in the People's Republic of China: the Bohai Economic Rim and the Yangtze River Delta. Construction began on April 18, 2008, with the line opened to the public for commercial service on June 30, 2011. It is the world's longest high-speed line ever constructed in a single phase. The line is one of the busiest high speed railways in the world, transporting over 180 million annual passengers in 2017, more than the annual ridership of the entire TGV or Intercity-Express network. It is also China's most profitable high speed rail line, reporting a 6.6 billion yuan net operational profit in 2015.
The SCMaglev is a magnetic levitation (maglev) railway system developed by Central Japan Railway Company and the Railway Technical Research Institute.
The CRH2 Hexie is one of the high-speed train models in China. Originally, the CRH2 was based on the E2-1000 Series Shinkansen design from Japan with the license purchased from a consortium formed of Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Mitsubishi Electric Corporation, and Hitachi, and represents the second Shinkansen train model to be exported.
High-speed rail (HSR) in China consists of a network of passenger-dedicated railways designed for speeds of 250–350 km/h (155–217 mph). It is the world's longest high speed railway network and is also the most extensively used.
China Railway High-speed (CRH) is a high-speed rail service operated by China Railway.
The Madrid–Barcelona high-speed rail line is a 621-kilometre (386 mi) standard gauge railway line inaugurated on 20 February 2008. Designed for speeds of 350 km/h (217 mph) and compatibility with neighbouring countries' rail systems, it connects the cities of Madrid and Barcelona in 2 hours 30 minutes. In Barcelona the line is connected with the Perpignan–Barcelona high-speed rail line leading into France, and so to the European high speed network.
The CRH3 Hexie is a version of the Siemens Velaro high-speed train used in China on the Beijing–Tianjin Intercity Railway line, Wuhan-Guangzhou Passenger Dedicated Line, Zhengzhou-Xi'an Passenger Dedicated Line and the Shanghai–Nanjing Intercity Railway. It is capable of service speed of 380 km/h (236 mph) as the very similar Velaro E used in Spain, but, similarly to the Sapsan, it is 300 mm (11.8 in) wider to take advantage of a more generous structure gauge and thus be able to fit in more seats in a 2+3 layout.
The Wuhan–Guangzhou high-speed railway, also called the Wuguang high-speed railway and short for Beijing–Guangzhou–Shenzhen–Hong Kong high-speed railway, Wuhan–Guangzhou section, is a 968-kilometre (601 mi) high-speed rail line, operated by China Railway High-speed (CRH), connecting Wuhan and Guangzhou, the provincial capitals of Hubei and Guangdong, respectively. It was the world's fastest train service, initially using coupled CRH2C and CRH3C trains which averages 313 km/h (194 mph) in non-stop commercial service.
"STAR21" was the name given to the Class 952/953 (952・953形) 9-car experimental Shinkansen train developed in 1992 by the East Japan Railway Company in Japan to test technology to be incorporated in next-generation shinkansen trains operating at speeds of 350 km/h (217 mph) or higher. The name was an acronym for "Superior Train for the Advanced Railway toward the 21st Century".
The CRH380A Hexie is a Chinese electric high-speed train that was developed by CSR Corporation Limited (CSR) and is currently manufactured by CSR Qingdao Sifang Locomotive & Rolling Stock Co., Ltd. As a continuation of the CRH2-380 program it both replaces foreign technology in the CRH2 with Chinese developments and increases the top speed. The CRH380A is designed to operate at a cruise speed of 350 km/h (217 mph) and a maximum of 380 km/h (236 mph) in commercial service. The original 8-car train-set recorded a top speed of 416.6 km/h (258.9 mph) during a trial run and the longer 16-car train-set reached 486.1 km/h (302.0 mph).
China Railways Comprehensive Inspection Trains, or CITs, are high-speed test trains used on the high-speed rail network of China. The trains are normally owned and operated by China Railway or the China Academy of Railway Sciences (CARS).
The "fastest" train commercial service can be defined alternatively by a train's top speed or average trip speed.
The Nanjing–Anqing intercity railway is a high-speed rail, passenger-dedicated line between cities of Nanjing, Jiangsu Province and Anqing, Anhui Province, in China. Construction of the 258-kilometre (160 mi) railway began in January 2010, and the line was opened on 6 December 2015.
Rail transport is an important mode of long-distance transportation in the People's Republic of China. As of 2015, the country has 121,000 km (75,186 mi) of railways, the second longest network in the world. By the end of 2018, China had 29,000 kilometres of high-speed rail (HSR), the longest HSR network in the world.[4]
Changsha–Kunming high-speed railway is a China Railway High-speed line connecting Changsha and Kunming, respectively the provincial capitals of Hunan and Yunnan. It is the western end of a larger rail project, the Shanghai–Kunming high-speed railway, which is one of the Ministry of Railways's strategic four east–west high-speed railways, and an integral part of the long-term railway network plan.
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