A list of states and cities in the United States banning sexual orientation change efforts (conversion therapy) for minors on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity is below.
Sexual orientation change efforts (SOCE) are methods used in attempts to change the sexual orientation of homosexual and bisexual people to heterosexuality. They may include behavioral techniques, cognitive behavioral techniques, psychoanalytic techniques, medical approaches, religious and spiritual approaches, and, in some parts of the world, acts of sexual violence. According to the American Psychiatric Association Task Force on Appropriate Therapeutic Responses to Sexual Orientation, "there are no studies of adequate scientific rigor to conclude whether or not such methods work to change sexual orientation. The longstanding consensus of the behavioral and social sciences, and the health and mental health professions is that homosexuality and bisexuality are per se normal and positive variations of human sexual orientation." Research consistently failed to provide any empirical or scientific basis for regarding them as disorders or abnormalities.
Conversion therapy is the pseudoscientific practice of trying to change an individual's sexual orientation from homosexual or bisexual to heterosexual using psychological or spiritual interventions. There is virtually no reliable evidence that sexual orientation can be changed and medical bodies warn that conversion therapy practices are ineffective and potentially harmful. Nevertheless, advocates and proponents do provide anecdotal reports of people who claim some degree of success in becoming heterosexual. Medical, scientific, and government organizations in the United States and United Kingdom have expressed concern over the validity, efficacy and ethics of conversion therapy. Various jurisdictions in Asia, Europe, Oceania, and the Americas have passed laws against conversion therapy.
Gender identity is the personal sense of one's own gender. Gender identity can correlate with assigned sex at birth or can differ from it. All societies have a set of gender categories that can serve as the basis of the formation of a person's social identity in relation to other members of society.
State | Date of enactment | Date effective | Legalization method | Details | |
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1. [1] | ![]() | August 19, 2013 | August 19, 2013 | Legislative statute | On June 24, 2013, the New Jersey Assembly voted 56–14 in favor of AB 3371. [2] On June 27, 2013, the New Jersey State Senate voted 28–9 to pass the bill. [3] On August 19, 2013, Governor Chris Christie (R) signed AB 3371 into law, and it took effect the same day. [4] |
2. [5] | ![]() | September 30, 2012 | August 29, 2013 | Legislative statute | On May 30, 2012, the California State Senate voted 23–13 in favor of SB-1172. On August 28, 2012, the California State Assembly voted 52–22 in favor of the bill. On September 30, 2012, Governor Jerry Brown (D) signed it and it was scheduled to go into effect on January 1, 2013. [6] On December 21, 2012, in the case of Welch v. Brown , Judge William B. Shubb granted a preliminary injunction to SB-1172 from going into effect. [7] On August 29, 2013, in the case of Pickup v. Brown and Welch v. Brown , the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit upheld SB-1172 and reversed the lower court order granting a preliminary injunction. [8] |
3. [9] | ![]() | May 18, 2015 | May 18, 2015 | Legislative statute | On March 17, 2015, the Oregon House of Representatives voted 41–18 in favor of HB 2307. On May 7, 2015, the Oregon State Senate voted 21–8 in favor of the bill. On May 18, 2015, Governor Kate Brown (D) signed HB 2307 and it went into effect the same day. [10] [11] |
4. [12] | ![]() | August 20, 2015 | January 1, 2016 | Legislative statute | On May 19, 2015, the Illinois House of Representatives voted 68–43 in favor of HB 217. [13] On May 29, 2015, the Illinois State Senate voted 34–19 in favor of the bill. [14] On August 20, 2015, Governor Bruce Rauner (R) signed HB 217 and it went into effect on January 1, 2016. [15] |
5. [16] | ![]() | May 25, 2016 | July 1, 2016 | Legislative statute | On March 17, 2016, the Vermont Senate unanimously approved S.132. [17] [18] On April 26, the Vermont House of Representatives approved it with amendments. The Senate concurred with the amendments on April 29. [19] Governor Peter Shumlin (D) signed the bill on May 25. It went into effect on July 1. [20] |
6. [21] | ![]() | April 7, 2017 | April 7, 2017 | Legislative statute | The state Senate approved SB 121 on February 16, 2017 by a 32–6 vote, and the state House of Representatives concurred on March 15, 2017 by a 44–23 vote. The bill was signed by Governor Susana Martinez (R) on April 7, 2017. [22] [23] The law went into effect immediately. |
7. [24] | ![]() | May 10, 2017 | May 10, 2017 | Legislative statute | The state House of Representatives approved HB 6695 on May 2, 2017 by a 141–8 vote, and the Senate concurred on May 10, 2017 by a 36–0 vote. The bill was signed by Governor Dannel Malloy (D) the same day and took effect immediately. [25] |
8. [26] | ![]() | July 19, 2017 | July 19, 2017 | Legislative statute | H 5277 was passed by the state House 69–0 on May 30, 2017. [27] [28] [29] The Senate approved the bill 29–0 on June 30. It was signed by Governor Gina Raimondo (D) on July 19, 2017 and took effect immediately. [30] |
9. [31] | ![]() | May 17, 2017 | January 1, 2018 | Legislative statute | SB 201 was passed by the state Senate 15–5 on April 4, 2017 and by the Assembly 31–8 on May 9. [32] [33] [34] The Senate concurred with the House's amendments on the same day. The bill was signed by Governor Brian Sandoval (R) on May 17, 2017. [35] [36] The law went into effect on January 1, 2018. |
10. [37] | ![]() | March 28, 2018 | June 7, 2018 | Legislative statute | SB 5722 [38] passed the state Senate 32-16 on January 19, 2018 and the state House 66-32 on February 28. After the Senate concurred with the amended House version on March 3, it was signed by Governor Jay Inslee (D) on March 28, 2018. [39] [40] It took effect on June 7, 2018. |
11. [41] | ![]() | May 25, 2018 | July 1, 2018 | Legislative statute | SB 270 passed the state Senate on March 6, 2018, by a vote of 24-1 and passed the state House of Representatives on April 10, 2018, by a vote of 49-2. A conference committee of both houses concluded on April 27, 2018 with an amended bill. It was approved by both houses on May 1, and was signed by Governor David Ige (D) on May 25, 2018. The law took effect on July 1, 2018. [42] [43] |
12. [44] | ![]() | July 23, 2018 | July 23, 2018 | Legislative statute | SB 65 passed the state Senate by a vote of 12-3 on May 17, 2017, and the state House on June 7, 2018 by a vote of 24-14. [45] The bill was signed by Governor John Carney (D) on July 23, 2018, and took effect immediately. [46] |
13. [47] | ![]() | May 15, 2018 | October 1, 2018 | Legislative statute | SB 1028 passed the state Senate on March 27, 2018, by a vote of 34-12, and the state House on April 4, 2018, by a vote of 95-27. [48] [49] The bill was signed by Governor Larry Hogan (R) on May 15, 2018, and went into effect on October 1, 2018. [50] |
14. [51] | ![]() | June 8, 2018 | January 1, 2019 | Legislative statute | HB 587 passed the state House on February 8, 2018, by a vote of 179-171, and the state Senate on April 19, 2018, by a vote of 14-10, with an amendment. [52] [53] The House concurred with the Senate's amendment on May 10, 2018. [54] It was signed by Governor Chris Sununu (R) on June 8, 2018 and took effect on January 1, 2019. [55] |
15. [56] | ![]() | January 25, 2019 | January 25, 2019 | Legislative statute | Bill A576 passed the state Assembly on January 15, 2019 by a vote of 141-7, and passed the state Senate that same day by a vote of 57-4. [57] The bill was signed by Governor Andrew Cuomo on January 25, 2019, and took effect immediately upon receiving his signature. Since 2016, conversion therapy has been banned in New York from coverage by insurers and Medicaid, or from being practiced by any state-licensed or operated mental health facility per executive order. [58] |
Territory | Date of enactment | Date effective | Legalization method | Details | |
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1. [59] | ![]() | December 22, 2014 | March 11, 2015 | Legislative statute | On December 2, 2014, the Council of the District of Columbia voted unanimously (12 ayes) in favor of B20-0501. On December 22, 2014, Mayor Vincent C. Gray signed B20-0501 into law. The act passed congressional review and took effect on March 11, 2015. |
County, municipality or community | Date of enactment | Date effective | Legalization method | Details | |
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1. [60] | Cincinnati, Ohio | December 9, 2015 | January 9, 2016 | Ordinance | On December 9, 2015, the Cincinnati City Council voted 7–2 in favor of Ordinance 373 and it went into effect on January 9, 2016. [61] |
2. [62] | Miami Beach, Florida | June 8, 2016 | June 18, 2016 | Ordinance | On June 8, 2016, Miami Beach voted to ban conversion therapy. The ban was sponsored by Commissioner John Elizabeth Alemàn and was unanimously approved by the City Commission. [63] [64] The ban took effect on June 18. |
3. [65] | Wilton Manors, Florida | September 13, 2016 | September 13, 2016 | Ordinance | On September 13, 2016, the City Commission of Wilton Manors unanimously approved an ordinance banning conversion therapy. The ban took effect that same day. [66] |
4. [67] | Seattle, Washington | August 1, 2016 | October 2, 2016 | Ordinance | On August 1, 2016, Seattle voted to ban conversion therapy on minors. [68] [69] The ban was sponsored by Commissioner Lorena González and was unanimously approved by all other eight city commissioners. Mayor Ed Murray signed the ordinance on August 3 and it took effect on October 2. |
5. [70] | Miami, Florida | October 13, 2016 | October 13, 2016 | Ordinance | On October 13, 2016, the Miami City Commission voted 3–2 in favor of banning the use of conversion therapy on minors. [71] [72] The ban was sponsored by Commissioner Francis Suarez and took effect that same day. |
6. [73] | West Palm Beach, Florida | November 7, 2016 | November 7, 2016 | Ordinance | On November 7, 2016, the City Commission of West Palm Beach unanimously approved an ordinance in its second reading banning conversion therapy. The ban took effect upon adoption. [74] |
7. [75] | Bay Harbor Islands, Florida | November 14, 2016 | November 14, 2016 | Ordinance | On November 14, 2016, the Bay Harbor Islands Town Council approved an ordinance banning conversion therapy. The ordinance came into effect that same day. [75] |
8. [76] | Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania | December 13, 2016 | December 20, 2016 | Ordinance | The Pittsburgh City Council voted in favor of an ordinance prohibiting conversion therapy on minors, by a vote of 9–0, on December 13, 2016. The ordinance went into effect on December 20, following Mayor Bill Peduto's signature. [77] |
9. [78] | Boynton Beach, Florida | January 17, 2017 | January 17, 2017 | Ordinance | On January 3, 2017, an ordinance banning conversion therapy in Boynton Beach passed its first reading. [79] The ordinance passed its second reading on January 17 and went into effect immediately. [78] |
10. [80] | Lake Worth, Florida | January 10, 2017 | January 20, 2017 | Ordinance | On December 13, 2016, the Lake Worth City Commission unanimously passed an ordinance banning conversion therapy on minors, in its first reading. [81] The ordinance passed its second reading, in a 5–0 vote, on January 10, 2017 and went into effect on January 20. |
11. [82] | El Portal, Florida | January 24, 2017 | January 24, 2017 | Ordinance | An ordinance banning conversion therapy passed its first reading in the El Portal Village Council in October 2016. The ordinance passed its second reading on January 24 and went into effect that same day. [82] |
12. [83] | Toledo, Ohio | February 7, 2017 | February 7, 2017 | Ordinance | An ordinance banning conversion therapy was unanimously (12–0) approved by the Toledo City Council on February 7, 2017. [84] |
13. [85] | Key West, Florida | March 7, 2017 | March 7, 2017 | Ordinance | On February 8, 2017, the Key West City Commission approved an ordinance banning conversion therapy, in its first reading. The ordinance passed its second reading on March 7 and took effect immediately. |
14. [86] | North Bay Village, Florida | March 14, 2017 | March 14, 2017 | Ordinance | On March 14, 2017, the Commission of North Bay Village voted to ban conversion therapy. The ban took effect immediately upon adoption. [86] |
15. [87] | Columbus, Ohio | March 27, 2017 | March 27, 2017 | Ordinance | On March 13, the City Council of Columbus approved an ordinance, banning the use of conversion therapy on minors, in its first reading. The ordinance was introduced by Council President Zach Klein. It unanimously passed its second reading on March 27 and took effect immediately. [88] [89] |
16. [90] | Tampa, Florida | April 6, 2017 | April 6, 2017 | Ordinance | On April 6, the Tampa City Council unanimously approved a conversion therapy ban. The ban went into effect immediately. [91] |
17. [92] | Delray Beach, Florida | May 2, 2017 | May 2, 2017 | Ordinance | On April 18, 2017, the Delray Beach City Commission approved an ordinance banning conversion therapy, in its first reading. [93] The ordinance unanimously passed its second reading in the City Commission on May 2. [94] The ban took effect immediately. |
18. [95] | Riviera Beach, Florida | May 4, 2017 | May 4, 2017 | Ordinance | The Riviera Beach City Council unanimously approved a conversion therapy ban on May 4. The ban went into effect that same day. [96] |
19. [97] | Wellington, Florida | June 27, 2017 | June 27, 2017 | Ordinance | On June 27, 2017, the Wellington Village Council approved an ordinance banning conversion therapy, in its second reading. The ban took effect immediately. [98] |
20. [99] | Dayton, Ohio | July 5, 2017 | July 5, 2017 | Ordinance | On June 28, 2017, the Dayton City Council passed an ordinance banning conversion therapy. [100] [101] The ordinance passed its second reading on July 5 and went into force immediately. |
21. [102] | Philadelphia, Pennsylvania | July 11, 2017 | July 11, 2017 | Ordinance | On June 22, 2017, the Philadelphia City Council approved an ordinance banning conversion therapy. It was signed by Mayor Jim Kenney on July 11, 2017. [103] The ordinance went into effect immediately. |
22. [104] | Allentown, Pennsylvania | July 20, 2017 | July 20, 2017 | Ordinance | On July 19, 2017, the Allentown City Council approved an ordinance banning conversion therapy. [105] [106] It was signed by Mayor Ed Pawlowski the next day. [107] The ordinance went into effect immediately. |
23. [108] | Greenacres, Florida | August 7, 2017 | August 7, 2017 | Ordinance | On August 7, 2017, the Greenacres City Council approved an ordinance banning conversion therapy, in a 4-1 vote. [109] The ordinance took effect immediately. [110] |
24. [111] | Athens, Ohio | August 21, 2017 | August 21, 2017 | Ordinance | On August 21, 2017, the Athens City Council unanimously approved an ordinance banning conversion therapy within city limits. [112] The ordinance went into effect immediately. |
25. [113] | Pima County, Arizona | August 1, 2017 | August 31, 2017 | Ordinance | The Pima County Board of Supervisors passed, in a 3–2 vote, an ordinance banning conversion therapy. [114] [115] The ordinance went into effect 30 days later, upon filing with the Arizona Department of State. |
26. [116] | Boca Raton, Florida | October 10, 2017 | October 10, 2017 | Ordinance | The Boca Raton City Council voted 4-1 to enact the ordinance banning conversion therapy on October 10, 2017. [117] [118] The ordinance went into effect immediately. |
27. [119] | Oakland Park, Florida | October 18, 2017 | October 18, 2017 | Ordinance | The City Commission of Oakland Park approved a conversion therapy ban on October 18, 2017 in a unanimous 4-0 vote. [120] The ordinance went into force upon adoption. |
28. [121] | Palm Beach County, Florida | December 19, 2017 | December 21, 2017 | Ordinance | On December 19, 2017, the Palm Beach County Board of Commissioners approved, in a 5-2 vote, an ordinance banning conversion therapy. The ordinance applies to all incorporated and unincorporated municipalities in the county. It took effect upon filing with the Florida Department of State on December 21, 2017. [122] |
29. [123] | Reading, Pennsylvania | December 21, 2017 | December 21, 2017 | Ordinance | The Reading City Council approved a conversion therapy ban on December 18, 2017 in a unanimous vote. It was signed by Mayor Wally Scott on December 21, 2017. [124] The ordinance went into force upon adoption. |
30. [125] | Doylestown, Pennsylvania | December 18, 2017 | December 23, 2017 | Ordinance | The Borough Council of Doylestown passed (7-1) a conversion therapy ban on December 18, 2017. It came into effect five days later. [126] |
31. [127] | Broward County, Florida | January 9, 2018 | January 9, 2018 | Ordinance | On January 9, 2018, the Broward County Commission approved unanimously an ordinance banning conversion therapy. [128] The ordinance took effect upon filing with the Florida Department of State, which happened that same day. |
32. [129] | State College, Pennsylvania | February 5, 2018 | February 5, 2018 | Ordinance | On February 5, 2018, the Borough Council of State College approved unanimously an ordinance banning conversion therapy. [130] |
33. [131] | Erie County, New York | February 15, 2018 | March 7, 2018 | Ordinance | The Erie County Legislature unanimously approved a conversion therapy ban on February 15, 2018. [132] The ordinance was controversially named the "Prevention of Emotional Neglect and Childhood Endangerment" (P.E.N.C.E) after Vice President Mike Pence. After County Executive Mark Poloncarz signed the law on March 5, the law went into effect upon filing with the New York Department of State on March 7, 2018. [133] [134] |
34. [135] | Yardley, Pennsylvania | March 6, 2018 | March 11, 2018 | Ordinance | On March 6, the Yardley Borough Council unanimously approved an anti-discrimination ordinance banning discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity and prohibiting conversion therapy on minors. [136] [137] The ordinance went into force five days later. |
35. [138] | Gainesville, Florida | April 5, 2018 | April 5, 2018 | Ordinance | On April 5, 2018, the Gainesville City Commission unanimously approved a conversion therapy ordinance. [139] [140] It went into effect immediately. |
36. [141] | Milwaukee, Wisconsin | April 4, 2018 | April 14, 2018 | Ordinance | On March 27, 2018, the Milwaukee Common Council passed (12-2) a conversion therapy ordinance banning the practice in the city of Milwaukee. Mayor Tom Barrett signed the ordinance into law on April 4, and it went into effect 10 days later. [142] |
37. [143] | New York City, New York | January 5, 2018 | May 5, 2018 | Ordinance | In June 2017, a bill to ban conversion therapy was introduced to the New York City Council. [144] The City Council passed (43-2) the ban on November 30. Mayor Bill de Blasio returned the bill unsigned on January 5, thus allowing it to become law. It went into effect 120 days later. [145] |
38. [146] | Albany, New York | May 21, 2018 | May 21, 2018 | Ordinance | On May 21, 2018, an ordinance to ban conversion therapy was unanimously approved by the city's Common Council. [147] The ordinance went into effect immediately. |
39. [148] | Bellefonte, Pennsylvania | July 16, 2018 | July 16, 2018 | Ordinance | On July 16, 2018, an ordinance to ban conversion therapy was approved by the Borough Council. [149] The ordinance went into effect immediately. |
40. [150] | Bethlehem, Pennsylvania | July 17, 2018 | July 17, 2018 | Ordinance | On July 3, 2018, an ordinance to ban conversion therapy was approved by the City Council, and on July 17, 2018, was approved in a second and final reading. [151] The ordinance went into effect immediately. |
41. [152] | Madison, Wisconsin | July 10, 2018 | July 20, 2018 | Ordinance | On July 10, 2018, an ordinance to ban conversion therapy was approved by the city's Common Council. [153] The ordinance went into effect on July 20, 2018. |
42. [154] | Ulster County, New York | July 20, 2018 | July 27, 2018 | Ordinance | On June 20, 2018, an ordinance to ban conversion therapy on minors was unanimously approved by the Ulster County Legislature. [155] It was signed by County Executive Michael P. Hein on July 20, 2018, and took effect upon filing with the New York Secretary of State on July 27, 2018. [156] [157] |
43. [158] | Rochester, New York | July 25, 2018 | August 25, 2018 | Ordinance | On July 24, 2018, an ordinance to ban conversion therapy on minors was unanimously approved by the City Council. It was deemed duly adopted on July 25 and took effect 30 days later. [158] |
44. [159] | Albany County, New York | July 9, 2018 | August 31, 2018 | Ordinance | On July 9, 2018, the Albany County Legislature approved an ordinance to ban conversion therapy by a vote of 37-1. [160] The ordinance was signed and adopted by the County Executive on August 2, 2018 and was filed with the New York Secretary of State on August 31, 2018. [161] |
45. [162] | Eau Claire, Wisconsin | October 9, 2018 | October 9, 2018 | Ordinance | On October 9, 2018, the Eau Claire City Council unanimously passed an ordinance to protect minors from conversion therapy. [163] [164] |
46. [165] | Lakewood, Ohio | October 15, 2018 | October 15, 2018 | Ordinance | On October 15, 2018, the Lakewood City Council unanimously approved a measure to ban conversion therapy. [166] [167] Fines for violating the law range from $500 to $1,000. |
47. [168] | Westchester County, New York | October 18, 2018 | October 26, 2018 | Ordinance | On October 1, 2018, the Westchester County Board of Legislators unanimously voted to ban the practice of conversion therapy. [169] [170] County Executive George Latimer signed the ordinance into law on October 18, and on October 26, 2018 it was filed with the New York Department of State. Those practicing conversion therapy may face a misdemeanor punishable by a $1,000 fine or up to one year imprisonment. |
48. [171] | Newtown Township, Pennsylvania | November 28, 2018 | November 28, 2018 | Ordinance | On November 28, 2018, the Newtown Township (Bucks County) Board of Supervisors voted 4-0 to prohibit conversion therapy in a bill establishing a Human Rights Commission, enacting immediately upon passage. [172] |
49. [173] | Cudahy, Wisconsin | January 2, 2019 | January 2, 2019 | Ordinance | On January 2, 2019, the Cudahy Common Council voted to prohibit conversion therapy by a vote of 4-1. [174] |
50. [175] | Denver, Colorado | January 8, 2019 | January 8, 2019 | Ordinance | On January 7, 2019, the Denver City Council voted to ban the practice of conversion therapy, and the ordinance was signed into law by the Mayor the following day. Violations of the ordinance may be subject to penalties of $150 to $999 per violation. [176] |
School board | Date of enactment | Date effective | Legalization method | Details | |
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1. | Eau Claire Area School District Board of Education | September 24, 2018 | September 24, 2018 | Policy | On September 24, 2018, the Eau Claire School Board voted unanimously (7 ayes) in favor of Board Policy 453.7 - Student Mental Health and Wellness Education, which included a clause stating "the Eau Claire Area School District shall exclusively enter into School-based health center agreements with health clinics and/or providers that agree to abide by the District's Nondiscrimination Policy for Students. The District shall not enter into agreements with health clinics and/or providers that endorse or engage in the practice of conversion therapy." The policy went into effect immediately. [177] |
As of January 2019, bills to ban conversion therapy on minors have been introduced or are pending in the legislatures of Arizona, [178] Colorado, [179] Florida, [180] [181] Idaho, [182] Indiana, [183] [184] Iowa, [185] Minnesota, [186] [187] Missouri, [188] Nebraska, [189] Oklahoma, [190] Pennsylvania, [191] Texas, [192] Virginia, [193] and West Virginia. [194]
Arizona is a state in the southwestern region of the United States. It is also part of the Western and the Mountain states. It is the sixth largest and the 14th most populous of the 50 states. Its capital and largest city is Phoenix. Arizona shares the Four Corners region with Utah, Colorado, and New Mexico; its other neighboring states are Nevada and California to the west and the Mexican states of Sonora and Baja California to the south and southwest.
Colorado is a state of the Western United States encompassing most of the southern Rocky Mountains as well as the northeastern portion of the Colorado Plateau and the western edge of the Great Plains. It is the 8th most extensive and 21st most populous U.S. state. The estimated population of Colorado was 5,695,564 on July 1, 2018, an increase of 13.25% since the 2010 United States Census.
Florida is the southernmost contiguous state in the United States. The state is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the northwest by Alabama, to the north by Georgia, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, and to the south by the Straits of Florida. Florida is the 22nd-most extensive, the 3rd-most populous, and the 8th-most densely populated of the U.S. states. Jacksonville is the most populous municipality in the state and the largest city by area in the contiguous United States. The Miami metropolitan area is Florida's most populous urban area. Tallahassee is the state's capital.
Conversion therapy bans on minors are proposed or pending in Alachua County, Florida; [195] Sarasota, Florida; [196] St. Petersburg, Florida; [91] Erie, Pennsylvania; [197] and Shorewood, Wisconsin. [198]
Alachua County is a county in the U.S. state of Florida. As of the 2010 census, the population was 247,336. The county seat is Gainesville, the home of the University of Florida since 1906, when the campus opened with 106 students.
Sarasota is a city in Sarasota County on the southwestern coast of the U.S. state of Florida. The area is renowned for its cultural and environmental amenities, beaches, resorts, and the Sarasota School of Architecture. The city is at the southern end of the Tampa Bay Area, north of Fort Myers and Punta Gorda. Its official limits include Sarasota Bay and several barrier islands between the bay and the Gulf of Mexico. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, in 2013 Sarasota had a population of 53,326. In 1986 it became designated as a certified local government. Sarasota is a principal city of the Sarasota metropolitan area, and is the seat of Sarasota County.
St. Petersburg is a city in Pinellas County, Florida, United States. As of the 2015 census estimate, the population was 257,083, making it the fifth-most populous city in Florida and the largest in the state that is not a county seat.
The Therapeutic Fraud Prevention Act , which would ban conversion therapy nationwide, has been introduced in the 114th United States Congress and the 115th United States Congress by Rep. Ted Lieu (D-CA), who had authored the California bill while State Senator. [199] [200]
The Therapeutic Fraud Prevention Act is a bill in the United States House of Representatives that if passed would prohibit, as an unfair and deceptive act or practice, commercial sexual orientation and gender identity conversion therapy, and for other purposes.
The One Hundred Fourteenth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from January 3, 2015, to January 3, 2017, during the final two full years of Barack Obama's presidency. The 2014 elections gave the Republicans control of the Senate for the first time since the 109th Congress. With 248 seats in the House of Representatives and 54 seats in the Senate, this Congress began with the largest Republican majority since the 71st Congress of 1929–1931.
The One Hundred Fifteenth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the Senate and the House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from January 3, 2017, to January 3, 2019, during the final weeks of Barack Obama's presidency and the first two years of Donald Trump's presidency.
As of December 2018, eight cities/counties have passed non-binding resolutions or proclamations declaring opposition to conversion therapy. These are Edgewater, Colorado; [201] Westminster, Colorado; [202] Wheat Ridge, Colorado; [203] Worcester, Massachusetts; [204] Suffolk County, New York; [205] Harrisburg, Pennsylvania; [206] Eau Claire County, Wisconsin, [207] [208] and Shorewood, Wisconsin. [198]
The City of Edgewater is a Home Rule Municipality located in Jefferson County, Colorado, United States. Edgewater is located immediately west of Denver, in the Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area. As of the 2010 census, the population is 5,170. Edgewater is surrounded by Denver to the east, Lakewood to the south and west, and Wheat Ridge to the north.
Westminster is a Home Rule Municipality in Adams and Jefferson counties in the U.S. state of Colorado. Westminster is a northwest suburb of Denver. The Westminster Municipal Center is located 9 miles (14 km) north-northwest of the Colorado State Capitol. As of the 2010 census the population of Westminster was 106,114, and as of 2016 the estimated population was 113,875. Westminster is the seventh most populous city in Colorado and the 237th most populous city in the United States. Westminster is a part of the Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area and the Denver-Aurora-Boulder Combined Statistical Area. In July 2006, it was ranked as the 24th best place to live in the USA by Money magazine.
Wheat Ridge is a Home Rule Municipality located in Jefferson County, Colorado, United States. Wheat Ridge is a western suburb of Denver. The Wheat Ridge Municipal Center is approximately 5 miles (8 km) west-northwest of the Colorado State Capitol in Denver. The city had a population of 30,166 as of the 2010 Census.
In June 2018, both houses of the Maine Legislature passed a bill to ban conversion therapy on minors. [209] [210] Maine Governor Paul LePage vetoed the bill on July 6, 2018. [211] [212] [213] [214] On July 9, 2018, the Maine House of Representatives attempted to override the veto, but the attempt failed by a vote of 79-61. [215]
The Maine Legislature is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Maine. It is a bicameral body composed of the lower house Maine House of Representatives and the upper house Maine Senate. The Legislature convenes at the State House in Augusta, where it has met since 1832.
The Governor of Maine is the chief executive of the State of Maine. Before Maine was admitted to the Union in 1820, Maine was part of Massachusetts and the Governor of Massachusetts was chief executive.
Paul Richard LePage is an American businessman and politician who was the 74th Governor of Maine, from 2011 to 2019. A member of the Republican Party, LePage served two terms as a city councilor in Waterville, Maine, before being elected Mayor of Waterville in 2003, serving until 2011.
This is a list of notable events in the history of LGBT rights that took place in the year 2005.
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) persons in the U.S. state of New Hampshire enjoy all the same legal rights as non-LGBT residents, with most advances occurring within the past two decades. Same-sex sexual activity is legal in New Hampshire, and the state began offering same-sex couples the option of forming a civil union on January 1, 2008. Civil unions offered most of the same protections as marriages with respect to state law, but not the federal benefits of marriage. Same-sex marriage in New Hampshire has been legally allowed since January 1, 2010, and one year later New Hampshire's civil unions expired, with all such unions converted to marriages. New Hampshire law has also protected against discrimination based on sexual orientation since 1998 and gender identity since 2018. Additionally, a conversion therapy ban on minors became effective in the state in January 2019.
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) persons in the U.S. state of Ohio may face some legal challenges not experienced by non-LGBT residents. Same-sex sexual activity is legal in Ohio. Families headed by same-sex spouses are eligible for the same protections available to different-sex spouses, but discrimination based on sexual orientation isn't banned statewide. Same-sex marriage has been legal since June 2015.
Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) persons in the U.S. state of Delaware enjoy the same legal protections as heterosexuals. Same-sex sexual activity has been legal in Delaware since January 1, 1973. On January 1, 2012, civil unions became available to same-sex couples, granting them the "rights, benefits, protections, and responsibilities" of married persons. Delaware legalized same-sex marriage on July 1, 2013.
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) persons in New Jersey have the same rights and responsibilities as heterosexuals. LGBT persons in New Jersey enjoy strong protections from discrimination, and have had the right to marry since October 21, 2013.
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people in the U.S. state of Florida may face legal challenges not experienced by non-LGBT residents. Same-sex sexual activity became legal in the state after the U.S. Supreme Court's decision in Lawrence v. Texas on June 26, 2003, and same-sex marriage has been legal in the state since January 6, 2015. Florida law does not address discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation in employment, housing and public accommodations. However, several cities and counties, comprising about 55% of Florida's population, have enacted anti-discrimination ordinances. These include Jacksonville, Miami, Tampa, Orlando, St. Petersburg, and Tallahassee, among others. Furthermore, discrimination on the basis of gender identity has been illegal in Florida since 2011 via Glenn v. Brumby, a court case decided by the Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeals. Conversion therapy is also banned in a number of cities in the state, mainly in the Miami metropolitan area.
The U.S. state of New York has generally been seen as socially liberal in regard to lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender (LGBT) rights. The advocacy movement for LGBT rights in the state has been dated as far back as 1969 during the Stonewall riots in New York City. Same-sex sexual activity between consenting adults has been legal since the New York v. Onofre case in 1980. Same-sex marriage has been legal statewide since 2011, with some cities recognizing domestic partnerships between same-sex couples since 1998. Discrimination legal protections within credit, housing, employment and public accommodation have explicitly included sexual orientation since 2003 and gender identity or expression since 2019. Transgender people in the state legally do not have to undergo sexual reassignment surgery to change their sex or gender on officials documents since 2014.
Illinois is seen as one of the most progressive states in the United States in regard to lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender (LGBT) rights and often viewed as one of the most liberal states in the Midwestern United States. Same-sex sexual activity has been legal since 1962, after Illinois became the first U.S. state to repeal its sodomy laws. Same-sex marriage was banned by statute in 1996, but has since been legalized in November 2013, after a law allowing such marriages was signed by then-Governor Pat Quinn on November 20 and went into effect on June 1, 2014. Civil unions also have been legal statewide since 2011 and same-sex couples are also allowed to adopt children. Additionally, discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity is banned in the state. Since 2016, conversion therapy on minors has also been forbidden.
The expansion of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) rights in the U.S. state of Maryland is a recent phenomenon, with most advances in LGBT rights occurring within the past two decades. Maryland has had statewide protections against discrimination based on an individual's sexual orientation since 2001 and gender identity since 2014. Legislation to legalize same-sex marriage in Maryland was approved by voters on November 6, 2012 and went into effect on January 1, 2013. Today, the state of Maryland is regarded as one of the most pro-LGBT states in the country, with two-thirds of Marylanders supporting same-sex marriage. In May 2018, a ban on conversion therapy on minors was signed into law by the Governor, and it became effective on October 1, 2018.
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) rights in the U.S. state of Washington have evolved significantly since the late 20th century. LGBT people are fully protected from discrimination; Washington enacted LGBT protections in 2006. Same-sex marriage has been legal since 2012, and same-sex couples are allowed to adopt. Conversion therapy on minors has also been illegal since 2018.
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+) rights in the U.S. state of Maine are a recent occurrence, with most advances and enhances in LGBT rights in the state taking place since the early 2000s. LGBTQ+ people in Maine have some of the same rights and responsibilities as heterosexuals, however may face some legal issues not experienced by non-LGBTQ+ residents.
Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) rights in the U.S. state of Iowa evolved significantly in the 21st century. Iowa began issuing marriage licenses to same-sex couples on April 27, 2009 following a ruling by the Iowa Supreme Court, making Iowa the fourth U.S. state to legalize same-sex marriage. Joint adoptions by same-sex couples are also legal, and state laws ban discrimination based on sexual orientation or gender identity.
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) persons in the U.S. state of Hawaii enjoy all of the same rights as non-LGBT people. Same-sex sexual activity has been legal since 1973; Hawaii being one the first six states to legalize it. Following the approval of the Hawaii Marriage Equality Act in November 2013, same-sex couples have been allowed to marry on the islands. Additionally, Hawaiian laws prohibit discrimination on the basis of both sexual orientation and gender identity. The use of conversion therapy on minors has been banned since July 2018. Gay and lesbian couples enjoy the same rights, benefits and treatment as opposite-sex couples, including the right to marry and adopt.
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people in the U.S. state of Wisconsin have many of the same rights and responsibilities as heterosexuals; however, the transgender community may face some legal issues not experienced by non-trans residents. Same-sex marriage has been legal in Wisconsin since October 6, 2014, when the U.S. Supreme Court refused to consider an appeal in the case of Wolf v. Walker. Discrimination based on sexual orientation is banned statewide in Wisconsin. It approved such protections in 1982, making it the first state in the United States to do so. However, discrimination based on gender identity is not included in Wisconsin's anti-discrimination laws, nor is it covered in the state's hate crime law.
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) persons in the U.S. state of Colorado live in one of the more socially liberal US states with wider protections for LGBT people. Same-sex sexual activity is legal in Colorado and the state recognizes same-sex marriages.
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) persons in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania face some legal challenges and discrimination not experienced by non-LGBT residents. Same-sex sexual activity is legal in Pennsylvania. Same-sex couples and families headed by same-sex couples are eligible for all of the protections available to opposite-sex married couples. Pennsylvania was the final Mid-Atlantic state without same-sex marriage, indeed lacking any form of same-sex recognition law until its statutory ban was overturned on May 20, 2014.
This is a list of notable events in the history of LGBT rights that took place in the year 2016.
The Equal Access to Intrastate Commerce Act is a 2011 anti-LGBT Tennessee act that amends the Tennessee Human Rights Act to define the term "sex" to mean an individual person as male or female as indicated on the individual's birth certificate and prohibits, with exception to employees of a local government, any local government in Tennessee from enacting ordinances, resolutions, or any other means impose on or make applicable to any person an anti-discrimination practice, standard, definition, or provision that is not covered by statewide anti-discrimination laws.