Bacterial diseases | |
---|---|
Bacterial leaf blight and stalk rot | Pseudomonas avenae subsp. avenae |
Bacterial leaf spot | Xanthomonas campestris pv. holcicola |
Bacterial stalk rot | Enterobacter dissolvens = Erwinia dissolvens |
Bacterial stalk and top rot | Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora Contents |
Bacterial stripe | |
Chocolate spot | Pseudomonas syringae pv. coronafaciens |
Goss's bacterial wilt and blight (leaf freckles and wilt) [1] | Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis [2] =Corynebacterium michiganense pv. nebraskense |
Holcus spot | Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae van Hall |
Purple leaf sheath | Hemiparasitic bacteria |
Seed rot-seedling blight | |
Stewart's disease (bacterial wilt) | Erwinia stewartii |
Corn stunt (achapparramiento, maize stunt, Mesa Central or Rio Grande maize stunt) | Spiroplasma kunkelii |
Nematodes, Parasitic | |
---|---|
Awl | Dolichodorus spp. D. heterocephalus |
Bulb and stem | Ditylenchus dipsaci |
Burrowing | Radopholus similis |
Cyst | Heterodera avenae H. zeae |
Dagger | Xiphinema spp. X. americanumX. mediterraneum |
False root-knot | Nacobbus dorsalis |
Lance, Columbia | Hoplolaimus columbus |
Lance | Hoplolaimus spp. H. galeatus |
Lesion | Pratylenchus spp. P. brachyurus |
Needle | Longidorus spp. L. breviannulatus |
Ring | Criconemella spp. C. ornata |
Root-knot | Meloidogyne spp. M. chitwoodi |
Spiral | Helicotylenchus spp. |
Sting | Belonolaimus spp. |
Stubby-root | Paratrichodorus spp. P. christiei |
Stunt | Tylenchorhynchus dubius |
Virus and virus-like diseases | |
---|---|
American wheat striate (wheat striate mosaic) | American wheat striate mosaic virus mosaic (AWSMV) |
Barley stripe mosaic | Barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV) |
Barley yellow dwarf | Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) |
Brome mosaic | Brome mosaic virus (BMV) |
Cereal chlorotic mottle | Cereal chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV) |
Corn lethal necrosis (maize lethal necrosis disease) | Virus complex (Maize chlorotic mottle virus [MCMV] and Maize dwarf mosaic virus [MDMV] A or B or Wheat streak mosaic virus [WSMV]) |
Cucumber mosaic | Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) |
Johnsongrass mosaic | Johnsongrass mosaic virus (JGMV) |
Maize bushy stunt | Mycoplasmalike organism (MLO), assoc. |
Maize chlorotic dwarf | Maize chlorotic dwarf virus (MCDV) |
Maize chlorotic mottle | Maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) |
Maize dwarf mosaic | Maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV) strains A, D, E and F |
Maize leaf fleck | Maize leaf fleck virus (MLFV) |
Maize line* | Maize line virus (MLV) |
Maize mosaic (corn leaf stripe, enanismo rayado) | Maize mosaic virus (MMV) |
Maize pellucid ringspot | Maize pellucid ringspot virus (MPRV) |
Maize rayado fino (fine striping disease) | Maize rayado fino virus (MRFV) |
Maize red leaf and red stripe | Mollicute? |
Maize red stripe (now known as Wheat mosaic virus | Wheat mosaic virus (WMoV) |
Maize ring mottle | Maize ring mottle virus (MRMV) |
Maize rough dwarf (nanismo ruvido) | Maize rough dwarf virus (MRDV) |
Maize sterile stunt | Maize sterile stunt virus (strains of barley yellow striate virus) |
Maize streak | Maize streak virus (MSV) |
Maize stripe (maize chlorotic stripe, maize hoja blanca) | Maize stripe virus |
Maize tassel abortion | Maize tassel abortion virus (MTAV) |
Maize vein enation | Maize vein enation virus (MVEV) |
Maize wallaby ear | Maize wallaby ear virus (MWEV) |
Maize white leaf | Maize white leaf virus |
Maize white line mosaic | Maize white line mosaic virus (MWLMV) |
Millet red leaf | Millet red leaf virus (MRLV) |
Northern cereal mosaic | Northern cereal mosaic virus (NCMV) |
Oat pseudorosette (zakuklivanie) | Oat pseudorosette virus |
Oat sterile dwarf | Oat sterile dwarf virus (OSDV) |
Rice black-streaked dwarf | Rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) |
Rice stripe | Rice stripe virus (RSV) |
Sorghum mosaic | Sorghum mosaic virus (SrMV), formerly sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) strains H, I and M |
Sugarcane Fiji disease | Sugarcane Fiji disease virus (FDV) |
Sugarcane mosaic | Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) strains A, B, D, E, SC, BC, Sabi and MB (formerly MDMV-B) |
Wheat mosaic | Wheat mosaic virus (disambiguation) (WMoV) |
Botrytis cinerea is a necrotrophic fungus that affects many plant species, although its most notable hosts may be wine grapes. In viticulture, it is commonly known as "botrytis bunch rot"; in horticulture, it is usually called "grey mould" or "gray mold".
Phomopsis cane and leaf spot occurs wherever grapes are grown. Phomopsis cane and leaf spot is more severe in grape-growing regions characterized by a humid temperate climate through the growing season. Crop losses up to 30% have been reported to be caused by Phomopsis cane and leaf spot.
Cercospora is a genus of ascomycete fungi. Most species have no known sexual stage, and when the sexual stage is identified, it is in the genus Mycosphaerella. Most species of this genus cause plant diseases, and form leaf spots. It is a relatively well-studied genus of fungi, but there are countless species not yet described, and there is still much to learn about the best-known of the species.
Glomerella graminicola is an economically important crop parasite affecting both wheat and maize where it causes the plant disease Anthracnose Leaf Blight.
Colletotrichum acutatum is a plant pathogen and endophyte. It is the organism that causes the most destructive fungal disease, anthracnose, of lupin species worldwide. It also causes the disease postbloom fruit drop on many varieties of citrus, especially Valencia and navel oranges in Florida.
Lasiodiplodia theobromae is a plant pathogen with a very wide host range. It causes rotting and dieback in most species it infects. It is a common post harvest fungus disease of citrus known as stem-end rot. It is a cause of bot canker of grapevine. It also infects Biancaea sappan, a species of flowering tree also known as Sappanwood.
Didymella pinodes is a hemibiotrophic fungal plant pathogen and the causal agent of ascochyta blight on pea plants. It is infective on several species such as Lathyrus sativus, Lupinus albus, Medicago spp., Trifolium spp., Vicia sativa, and Vicia articulata, and is thus defined as broadrange pathogen.
Denticularia mangiferae is an ascomycete fungus that is a plant pathogen.
Sporisorium reilianum Langdon & Full., (1978), previously known as Sphacelotheca reiliana, and Sporisorium reilianum, is a species of biotrophic fungus in the family Ustilaginaceae. It is a plant pathogen that infects maize and sorghum.
Glomerella cingulata is a fungal plant pathogen, being the name of the sexual stage (teleomorph) while the more commonly referred to asexual stage (anamorph) is called Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. For most of this article the pathogen will be referred to as C. gloeosporioides. This pathogen is a significant problem worldwide, causing anthracnose and fruit rotting diseases on hundreds of economically important hosts.
Microdochium panattonianum is a fungal plant pathogen.This pathogen causes anthracnose of lettuce, a disease which produces necrotic lesions in cultivated lettuce. In extended periods of wet weather, M. panattonianum can cause significant crop-losses. The impact of this pathogen is exacerbated by farming lettuce without crop rotation, and by planting of susceptible lettuce varieties, such as Romaine lettuce.
Fusarium verticillioides is the most commonly reported fungal species infecting maize. Fusarium verticillioides is the accepted name of the species, which was also known as Fusarium moniliforme. The species has also been described as mating population A of the Fusarium fujikuroi species complex. F. verticllioides produces the mutagenic chemical compound fusarin C. F. verticillioides produces a group of disease-causing mycotoxins—fumonisins—on infected kernels.
The Pleosporales is the largest order in the fungal class Dothideomycetes. By a 2008 estimate it contains 23 families, 332 genera and more than 4700 species. The majority of species are saprobes on decaying plant material in fresh water, marine, or terrestrial environments, but several species are also associated with living plants as parasites, epiphytes or endophytes. The best studied species cause plant diseases on important agricultural crops e.g. Cochliobolus heterostrophus, causing southern corn leaf blight on maize, Phaeosphaeria nodorum causing glume blotch on wheat and Leptosphaeria maculans causing a stem canker on cabbage crops (Brassica). Some species of Pleosporales occur on animal dung and a small number occur as lichens and rock-inhabiting fungi.
Grey leaf spot (GLS) is a foliar fungal disease that affects maize, also known as corn. GLS is considered one of the most significant yield-limiting diseases of corn worldwide. There are two fungal pathogens that cause GLS: Cercospora zeae-maydis and Cercospora zeina. Symptoms seen on corn include leaf lesions, discoloration (chlorosis), and foliar blight. Distinct symptoms of GLS are rectangular, brown to gray necrotic lesions that run parallel to the leaf, spanning the spaces between the secondary leaf veins. The fungus survives in the debris of topsoil and infects healthy crops via asexual spores called conidia. Environmental conditions that best suit infection and growth include moist, humid, and warm climates. Poor airflow, low sunlight, overcrowding, improper soil nutrient and irrigation management, and poor soil drainage can all contribute to the propagation of the disease. Management techniques include crop resistance, crop rotation, residue management, use of fungicides, and weed control. The purpose of disease management is to prevent the amount of secondary disease cycles as well as to protect leaf area from damage prior to grain formation. Corn grey leaf spot is an important disease of corn production in the United States, economically significant throughout the Midwest and Mid-Atlantic regions. However, it is also prevalent in Africa, Central America, China, Europe, India, Mexico, the Philippines, northern South America, and Southeast Asia. The teleomorph of Cercospora zeae-maydis is assumed to be Mycosphaerella sp.
Coniella is a fungus genus in the family Schizoparmeaceae, which contains 65 species recorded in the database Mycobank. This genus Coniella are reported as a typical plant pathogenic fungi for grape, eucalyptus and several plant. It mainly found in Europe, Asian, also South Africa. less report in American, only one paper published new spaces founded.
Glomerellales is an order of ascomycetous fungi within the subclass Hypocreomycetidae (Sordariomycetes). The order includes saprobes, endophytes and pathogens on plants, animals and other fungi with representatives found all over the world in varying habitats.
Phyllachora maydis is a plant pathogen causing ascomycete diseases in maize/corn, and is more commonly referred to as tar spot. Identified by the distinctive development of stroma, this pathogen in itself is of little economic importance in the production of corn. However, the accompanying fungal infection of Monographella maydis, identified by “fish-eye” lesions, was claimed to cause significant foliar damage and subsequently yield reduction. As of 2021 there is insufficient information about this pathogen and its management.
Hemibiotrophs are the spectrum of plant pathogens, including bacteria, oomycete and a group of plant pathogenic fungi that keep its host alive while establishing itself within the host tissue, taking up the nutrients with brief biotrophic-like phase. It then, in later stages of infection switches to a necrotrophic life-style, where it rampantly kills the host cells, deriving its nutrients from the dead tissues.
Bitter rot of apple is a fungal disease of apple fruit that is caused by several species in the Colletotrichum acutatum and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complexes. It is identified by sunken circular lesions with conical intrusions into the apple flesh that appear V-shaped when the apple is cut in half through the center of the lesion. It is one of the most devastating diseases of apple fruit in regions with warm wet weather.