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 Chinaportal |
In the People's Republic of China, the Premier is the head of government, and is elected by a delegation of the National People's Congress every five years. Premiers have been limited to two terms of five years since 1982.
The Premiership of PRC was created since the establishment of the People's Republic of China on 1 October 1949.
First Administration Second Administration Third Administration Hu–Wen Administration Xi–Li Administration/Xi Core Administration
| Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) Constituency | Term of office | NPC | Cabinet | President | Paramount leader | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  | Zhou Enlai 周恩来 (1898–1976) Beijing At-large | 1 October 1949 | 15 September 1954 | 26 years, 3 months and 1 week | CP | Zhou I | Mao Zedong | |
| 27 September 1954 | 18 April 1959 | I | Zhou II | Mao Zedong | |||||
| 18 April 1959 | 21 December 1964 | II | Zhou III | Liu Shaoqi | Mao Zedong | ||||
| 21 December 1964 | 4 January 1975 | III | Zhou IV | Liu Shaoqi then vacant | Mao Zedong | ||||
| 4 January 1975 | 8 January 1976† | IV | Zhou V | Abolished | Mao Zedong | ||||
| Geneva Conference in 1954, Asian-African Conference, 1972 Nixon visit to China, Great Leap Forward, Cultural Revolution, introduction of Four Modernizations during Conference on Scientific and Technological Work Offices: Foreign Minister (1949–1958), CPPCC Chairman (1954–1976) †Died in office (cancer) | |||||||||
| 2 |  | Hua Guofeng 华国锋 (1921–2008) Hunan At-large | 31 January 1976 | 7 April 1976 | 4 years, 7 months and 6 days | IV | (acting) | Abolished | Mao Zedong |
| 7 April 1976 | 5 March 1978 | Hua I | Abolished | Himself | |||||
| 5 March 1978 | 10 September 1980§ | V | Hua II | Abolished | Deng Xiaoping | ||||
| Two Whatevers, Tiananmen Incident, Downfall of the Gang of Four, Sino-Vietnamese War, One Child Policy Offices: Governor of Hunan (1970–1976), Minister of Public Security (1975–1977), Vice Premier (1975–1976) § Ousted | |||||||||
| 3 |  | Zhao Ziyang 赵紫阳 (1919–2005) Beijing At-large | 10 September 1980 | 6 June 1983 | 7 years, 2 months and 2 weeks | V | (acting) | Abolished | Deng Xiaoping |
| 6 June 1983 | 24 November 1987§ | VI | Zhao | Li Xiannian | Deng Xiaoping | ||||
| Chinese economic reform, Sino-British Joint Declaration, Joint Declaration on the Question of Macau, Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 Offices: Governor of Guangdong (1974–1975), Governor of Sichuan (1975–1980) § Resigned | |||||||||
| 4 |  | Li Peng 李鹏 (1928–2019) Beijing At-large | 24 November 1987 | 25 March 1988 | 10 years, 3 months and 3 weeks | VI | (acting) | Li Xiannian | Deng Xiaoping |
| 25 March 1988 | 15 March 1993 | VII | Li P. I | Yang Shangkun | Deng Xiaoping Jiang Zemin | ||||
| 15 March 1993 | 17 March 1998 | VIII | Li P. II | Jiang Zemin | |||||
| Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, Three Gorges Dam, Transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong Offices: Chairman of State Education Commission (1985–1988), Vice Premier (1983–1987) | |||||||||
| 5 |  | Zhu Rongji 朱镕基 (1928–) Hunan At-large | 17 March 1998 | 15 March 2003 | 4 years, 11 months, 3 weeks and 5 days | IX | Zhu | Jiang Zemin | |
| Accession to the World Trade Organization, signing of China-ASEAN Free Trade Area agreement, extensive reform of the tax system, reform of the civil service examination system, opening senior- and mid-level government positions to public selection based on merit, cutting bureaucratic waste and red tape, investing state capital in transportation, energy and agriculture, execution purge of corrupt provincial politicians who misallocated infrastructure and agriculture funds. Offices: Mayor of Shanghai (1987–1991), Governor of People's Bank of China (1993–1995), First-ranking Vice Premier (1993–1998) | |||||||||
| 6 |  | Wen Jiabao 温家宝 (1942–) Gansu At-large | 15 March 2003 | 16 March 2008 | 10 years | X | Wen I | Hu Jintao | |
| 16 March 2008 | 15 March 2013 | XI | Wen II | Hu Jintao | |||||
| SARs outbreak, Anti-Secession Law, H5N1 avian flu outbreak, 2008 Sichuan earthquake, Beijing Summer Olympics, Shanghai Expo, expansion of healthcare insurance coverage, abolishment long-standing agricultural tax because of rural discontent and increasing wealth gap. [1] Offices: Vice Premier (1998–2003) | |||||||||
| 7 |  | Li Keqiang 李克强 (1955–2023) Shandong At-large (until 2018) Guangxi At-large (from 2018) | 15 March 2013 | 18 March 2018 | 9 years, 11 months, 3 weeks and 3 days | XII | Li K. | Xi Jinping | |
| 18 March 2018 | 11 March 2023 | XIII | Xi Jinping | ||||||
| 2014 Ludian earthquake, COVID-19 pandemic, Beijing Winter Olympics, comprehensively deepening reforms, common prosperity, streamline administration and delegate power. Offices: First-ranking Vice Premier (2008–2013) | |||||||||
| 8 |  | Li Qiang 李强 (1959–) Yunnan At-large | 11 March 2023 | Incumbent | 11 months, 3 weeks and 5 days | XIV | Li Q. | Xi Jinping | |
| Offices: Governor of Zhejiang (2012–2016) | |||||||||
The premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, commonly called the premier of China, is the head of government of China and leader of the State Council. The premier is the second-highest ranking person in China's political system, under the general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party /president, and holds the highest rank in the civil service of the central government.
Hu Jintao is a Chinese retired politician who served as the general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) from 2002 to 2012, the president of China from 2003 to 2013, and chairman of the Central Military Commission (CMC) from 2004 to 2012. He was a member of the CCP Politburo Standing Committee, China's de facto top decision-making body, from 1992 to 2012. Hu was the fifth paramount leader of China from 2002 to 2012.
The Princelings, also translated as the Party's Crown Princes, are the descendants of prominent and influential senior communist officials in the People's Republic of China. It is an informal, and often derogatory, categorization to signify those believed to be benefiting from nepotism and cronyism, by analogy with crown princes in hereditary monarchies. Many of its members hold high-level political and business positions in the upper echelons of power.
The orders of precedence in China is the ranking of political leaders in China for the purposes of event protocol and to arrange the ordering of names in official news bulletins, both written and televised. It is also sometimes used to assess perceived level of political power. Although there is no formally published ranking, there is usually an established convention and protocol, and the relative positions of Chinese political figures can usually be deduced from the order in meetings and especially by the time and order in which figures are covered by the official media. Since 1982, the General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party has been the highest ranking official in the People's Republic of China (PRC).
Paramount leader is an informal term for the most important political figure in the People's Republic of China (PRC). The paramount leader typically controls the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and the People's Liberation Army (PLA), often holding the titles of CCP General Secretary and Chairman of the Central Military Commission (CMC). The state representative (president) or head of government (premier) are not necessarily paramount leader—under China's party-state system, CCP roles are politically more important than state titles.
Generations of Chinese leadership is a term historians use to characterize distinct periods of the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and, by extension, successive changes in the ideology of the CCP. Historians have studied various periods in the development of the government of the People's Republic of China (PRC) by reference to these "generations".
The modern Chinese tunic suit is a style of male attire originally known in China as the Zhongshan suit after the republican leader Sun Yat-sen. Sun Yat-sen introduced the style shortly after the founding of the Republic of China (1912–1949) as a form of national dress with distinct political overtones. The four pockets are said to represent the Four Virtues of propriety, justice, honesty, and shame; and the five buttons the branches of China's former government, which still survive today in the Republic of China government of Taiwan.
Li Keqiang was a Chinese economist and politician who served as the premier of the People's Republic of China from 2013 to 2023. He was also the second-ranked member of the Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) from 2012 to 2022. Li was a major part of the "fifth generation of Chinese leadership" along with Xi Jinping, the CCP general secretary.
Wang Qishan is a Chinese retired politician who was one of the leading members of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP).
The government of the People's Republic of China is based on a system of people's congress within the parameters of a unitary communist state, in which the ruling Chinese Communist Party (CCP) enacts its policies through people's congresses. This system is based on the principle of unified state power, in which the legislature, the National People's Congress (NPC), is constitutionally enshrined as "the highest state organ of power." As China's political system has no separation of powers, there is only one branch of government which is represented by the legislature. The CCP through the NPC enacts unified leadership, which requires that all state organs, from the Supreme People's Court to the President of the People's Republic of China, are elected by, answerable to, and have no separate powers than those granted to them by the NPC. The CCP controls appointments in all state bodies through a two-thirds majority in the NPC. The remaining seats are held by nominally independent delegates and eight minor political parties, which are non-oppositional and support the CCP. All government bodies and state-owned enterprises have internal CCP committees that lead the decision-making in these institutions.
The vice premiers of the State Council of the People's Republic of China are high-ranking officials under the premier and above the state councillors and ministers. Generally, the title is held by multiple individuals at any given time, with each vice-premier holding a broad portfolio of responsibilities. The first vice-premier takes over duties of the premier at the time of the latter's incapacity. The incumbent vice premiers, in order of rank, are Ding Xuexiang, He Lifeng, Zhang Guoqing and Liu Guozhong.
The vice president of the People's Republic of China, commonly called the vice president of China, is the deputy to the president of the People's Republic of China, the state representative of China.
The chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress is the presiding officer of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPCSC), which is the permanent body of the National People's Congress (NPC), the national legislature of China.
The Xi Jinping–Li Keqiang Administration in China began in 2013, when Xi Jinping and Li Keqiang succeeded Hu Jintao and Wen Jiabao following the 18th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party.
The succession of power in China since 1949 takes place in the context of a one-party state under the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). Despite the guarantee of universal franchise in the constitution, the appointment of the Paramount leader lies largely in the hands of his predecessor and the powerful factions that control the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.
The president of the People's Republic of China, commonly called the president of China, is the state representative of the People's Republic of China, which on its own is a ceremonial office and has no real power in China's political system. However, since 1993, the post has been held by the general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and chairman of the Central Military Commission, who is China's de facto leader.
