List of sovereign states in Europe by Human Development Index

Map of the European countries by HDI value in 2022 (includes transcontinental countries).
Very high HDI

  ≥ 0.920

  0.890–0.919

  0.850–0.889

  0.800–0.849

High HDI

  < 0.800

The Human Development Index (HDI) is a summary measure of average achievement in key dimensions of human development: a long and healthy life, knowledge, and a decent standard of living. It is a standard means of measuring well-being. It is used to distinguish whether the country is a developed, developing, or underdeveloped country, and also to measure the impact of economic policies on quality of life. Countries fall into four broad categories based on their HDI: very high, high, medium, and low human development. Currently, all European countries fall into the very high or high human development category.

List

The table below presents the latest Human Development Index (HDI) ^[1] for countries in Europe as included in a United Nations Development Programme's Human Development Report (released in 2020). ^{[2] [3]} Previous HDI values and rankings are retroactively recalculated using the same updated data sets and current methodologies, as presented in Table 2 of the Statistical Annex of the Human Development Report. ^[4]

Countries that are not entirely located in Europe are shown here in italics, but HDI figures are given for the whole country. Monaco and Vatican City are not ranked as they are not included in the latest report by the United Nations Development Programme. Kosovo is also not included.

List of European countries by Human Development Index
Rank		Country	Human Development Index (HDI)
Region	World		HDI 2023 [5]	HDI 2022	HDI 2021	HDI 2020	HDI 2019	HDI 2015
Very High Human Development
1	1	Iceland	0.972	0.964	0.967	0.965	0.969	0.956
2	2	Switzerland	0.970	0.966	0.968	0.963	0.965	0.957
		Norway	0.970	0.967	0.969	0.969	0.967	0.959
4	4	Denmark	0.962	0.959	0.958	0.954	0.953	0.943
5	5	Sweden	0.959	0.959	0.958	0.951	0.955	0.945
		Germany	0.959	0.955	0.958	0.955	0.957	0.948
6	8	Netherlands	0.955	0.953	0.951	0.945	0.950	0.940
7	10	Belgium	0.951	0.945	0.948	0.939	0.945	0.933
8	11	Ireland	0.949	0.947	0.946	0.948	0.947	0.931
9	12	Finland	0.948	0.946	0.949	0.947	0.947	0.938
10	13	United Kingdom	0.946	0.946	0.941	0.930	0.941	0.931
11	17	Liechtenstein	0.938	0.936	0.933	0.929	0.935	0.925
12	21	Slovenia	0.931	0.926	0.924	0.918	0.923	0.909
13	22	Austria	0.930	0.927	0.930	0.925	0.928	0.919
14	24	Malta	0.924	0.917	0.914	0.903	0.910	0.892
15	25	Luxembourg	0.922	0.922	0.918	0.916	0.916	0.913
16	25	Malta	0.915	0.912	0.901	0.905	0.887	0.862
17	26	France	0.920	0.916	0.915	0.909	0.914	0.901
18	28	Spain	0.918	0.911	0.912	0.901	0.910	0.895
15	29	San Marino	0.915	0.910	0.903	0.895	0.908	0.896
		Italy	0.915	0.905	0.908	0.899	0.906	0.889
		Czech Republic	0.915	0.911	0.901	0.898	0.903	0.900
17	32	Cyprus [N 1]	0.913	0.908	0.907	0.905	0.907	0.882
		Andorra	0.913	0.893	0.871	0.851	0.876	0.869
18	34	Greece	0.908	0.897	0.897	0.896	0.896	0.888
19	35	Poland	0.906	0.902	0.884	0.880	0.887	0.879
20	36	Estonia	0.905	0.902	0.899	0.901	0.901	0.888
21	39	Lithuania	0.895	0.888	0.887	0.888	0.894	0.869
22	40	Portugal	0.890	0.883	0.876	0.870	0.872	0.857
23	41	Latvia	0.889	0.881	0.871	0.879	0.880	0.859
24	42	Croatia	0.889	0.886	0.876	0.867	0.872	0.852
25	43	Slovakia	0.880	0.873	0.859	0.867	0.871	0.861
26	44	Hungary	0.870	0.867	0.852	0.857	0.861	0.853
27	45	Montenegro	0.862	0.853	0.840	0.841	0.851	0.839
27	50	Turkey [N 2]	0.853	0.853	0.841	0.838	0.841	0.821
28	55	Romania	0.845	0.840	0.829	0.832	0.838	0.823
		Bulgaria	0.845	0.835	0.817	0.826	0.835	0.824
29	57	Georgia	0.844	0.838	0.819	0.822	0.830	0.807
30	60	Kazakhstan [N 3]	0.837	0.831	0.816	0.826	0.834	0.819
31	62	Serbia	0.833	0.826	0.807	0.809	0.817	0.802
32	64	Russia	0.832	0.826	0.813	0.818	0.847	0.833
33	65	Belarus	0.824	0.824	0.817	0.815	0.826	0.825
34	68	North Macedonia	0.815	0.811	0.781	0.783	0.805	0.795
36	69	Armenia [N 4]	0.811	0.801	0.786	0.761	0.796	0.777
37	71	Albania	0.810	0.806	0.794	0.794	0.805	0.797
38	74	Bosnia and Herzegovina	0.804	0.799	0.783	0.783	0.788	0.769
High Human Development
39	81	Azerbaijan [N 5]	0.789	0.784	0.765	0.757	0.780	0.771
40	86	Moldova	0.785	0.784	0.773	0.770	0.775	0.759
41	87	Ukraine	0.779	0.772	0.772	0.783	0.789	0.778

Map

This is the map of the list of European countries by the Human Development Index for the year 2022. ^[2] The colour indicators are as follows:   High Human Development and   Very High Human Development.

0.810

0.811

0.930

0.789

0.824

0.951

0.804

0.845

0.889

0.913

0.915

0.962

0.905

0.948

0.920

0.844

0.959

0.908

0.870

0.972

0.949

0.915

0.837

0.889

0.938

0.895

0.922

0.815

0.924

0.785

0.862

0.955

0.970

0.906

0.890

0.845

0.832

0.833

0.880

0.931

0.918

0.959

0.970

0.853

0.779

0.946

Adriatic
Sea

Arctic Ocean

Barents Sea

Bay of
Biscay

Black
Sea

Azov
Sea

Caspian
Sea

Celtic
Sea

Greenland Sea

Baffin Bay

Gulf of
Cadiz

Ligurian
Sea

Mediterranean Sea

North
Atlantic
Ocean

North
Sea

Norwegian
Sea

Strait of Gibraltar

See also

• International organisations in Europe
• List of countries by GDP (nominal)
• List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita
• List of countries by GDP (PPP)
• List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita
• List of countries by Human Development Index
• List of countries by Human Development Index by region
• List of countries by percentage of population living in poverty
• List of European countries by budget revenues
• List of European countries by budget revenues per capita
• List of European countries by GDP (nominal) per capita
• List of European countries by GNI (nominal) per capita
• List of European countries by GNI (PPP) per capita

Notes

1. Geographically, Cyprus is generally included in Western Asia or the Middle East, but it has been historically and culturally a European country.
2. The European portion of Turkey comprises 3% of the country, making it a transcontinental country.
3. Kazakhstan is mainly located in Central Asia with a small portion west of the Ural River located in Eastern Europe.
4. Armenia is located in the South Caucasus, south of the most commonly used dividing line between Europe and Asia. Some less common definitions include the entire Caucasus region in Europe. The country has political, historical and cultural ties with Europe.
5. Geographically, Azerbaijan is located in the South Caucasus region of Eurasia, straddling Western Asia and Eastern Europe.

References

1. "Table 1: Human Development Index (HDI) and its components".
2. Human Development Report 2021-22 Uncertain Times, Unsettled Lives: Shaping our Future in a Transforming World. United Nations Development Programme. 8 September 2022. pp. 284–288. Retrieved 14 March 2024.
3. "Human Development Report 2019 – "Human Development Indices and Indicators"" (PDF). HDRO (Human Development Report Office) United Nations Development Programme. pp. 22–25. Retrieved 9 December 2019.
4. "Table 2: Trends in the Human Development Index, 1990-2015".
5. Human Development Report 2024-25 –Shaping Our Shared Digital Future: Implications of Artificial Intelligence for Human Development. United Nations Development Programme (published 5 May 2025). 17 May 2025. pp. 291–300.