List of wars of succession in Europe

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To inherit Holland, Ada quickly married Louis before her father was buried, triggering the Loon War. Ada de Hollande.png
To inherit Holland, Ada quickly married Louis before her father was buried, triggering the Loon War.

This is a list of wars of succession in Europe .

Note: Wars of succession in transcontinental states are mentioned under the continents where their capital city was located. That means that wars of succession in the Byzantine Empire and Ottoman Empire are found here whenever their capital city was located at Constantinople/Kostantiniyye/Istanbul in East Thrace; for Ottoman wars of succession before 1453, see List of wars of succession § Medieval Asia. Names of wars that have been given names by historians are capitalised; the others, whose existence has been proven but not yet given a specific name, are provisionally written in lowercase letters (except for the first word, geographical and personal names).

Contents

Ancient Europe

Alexander's diadochi battled about his political legacy for 46 years. Alexander and Bucephalus - Battle of Issus mosaic - Museo Archeologico Nazionale - Naples.jpg
Alexander's diadochi battled about his political legacy for 46 years.
Stockholm - Antikengalerie 4 - Buste Kaiser Galba.jpg
Oth001.jpg
Aulus Vitellius (MRABASF Matritum) 01.jpg
Vespasianus03 pushkin.jpg
Year of the Four Emperors: a war of succession between Galba, Otho, Vitellius and Vespasian.

Medieval Europe

6th–8th century

Fontenoy confirmed the partition of Francia between emperor Louis the Pious's three sons. Fontenoy en puisaye.JPG
Fontenoy confirmed the partition of Francia between emperor Louis the Pious's three sons.

9th century

10th century

11th century

In 1066, William of Normandy managed to enforce his claim to the English throne. Bayeux Tapestry WillelmDux.jpg
In 1066, William of Normandy managed to enforce his claim to the English throne.

12th century

The Sack of Kiev (1169) was part of the 1167-1169 Kievan succession crisis between rival princely clans Siege of Kiev1169.jpg
The Sack of Kiev (1169) was part of the 1167–1169 Kievan succession crisis between rival princely clans

13th century

Entry of the Crusaders in Constantinople, Eugene Delacroix (1840). The 1204 Sack of Constantinople caused a complex series of related wars of succession in Southeastern Europe and Asia Minor, as many pretenders laid claim to the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire's legacy. Eugene Ferdinand Victor Delacroix 012.jpg
Entry of the Crusaders in Constantinople , Eugène Delacroix (1840). The 1204 Sack of Constantinople caused a complex series of related wars of succession in Southeastern Europe and Asia Minor, as many pretenders laid claim to the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire's legacy.
The Battle of Worringen, the decisive confrontation of the War of the Limburg Succession, as shown in a 15th-century Brabantsche Yeesten manuscript Battle of Worringen 1288.PNG
The Battle of Worringen, the decisive confrontation of the War of the Limburg Succession, as shown in a 15th-century Brabantsche Yeesten manuscript

14th century

Siege of Orleans. The Hundred Years' War arose when the English king claimed the French throne. Siege orleans.jpg
Siege of Orléans. The Hundred Years' War arose when the English king claimed the French throne.
The 1388 Battle of Strietfield secured Luneburg for the House of Welf. Schlachtaufdemstrietfield1388inwinsen.jpg
The 1388 Battle of Strietfield secured Lüneburg for the House of Welf.

15th century

The Battle of St. Jakob an der Sihl (1443) during the Old Zurich War. Zuerichkrieg 1444.jpg
The Battle of St. Jakob an der Sihl (1443) during the Old Zürich War.
The Catholic Monarchs united 'Spain' after the War of the Castilian Succession. Losreyescatolicos.jpg
The Catholic Monarchs united 'Spain' after the War of the Castilian Succession.

Early modern Europe

16th century

The Julich Succession became a European war, as the future religious balance of power depended on it. The Siege of Aachen.png
The Jülich Succession became a European war, as the future religious balance of power depended on it.

17th century

Klushino 1610: Polish-Lithuanian hussars defeat Tsarist Russia and capture Moscow in the Time of Troubles and the Dimitriads. Kluszyn 1610.JPG
Klushino 1610: Polish–Lithuanian hussars defeat Tsarist Russia and capture Moscow in the Time of Troubles and the Dimitriads.

18th century

During the War of the Spanish Succession, a European coalition tried to keep Spain out of French hands. The Battle of Malplaquet, 1709.png
During the War of the Spanish Succession, a European coalition tried to keep Spain out of French hands.
The War of the Austrian Succession grew out to an almost pan-European land war, spreading to colonies in the Americas and India. Battle of Fontenoy 1745.PNG
The War of the Austrian Succession grew out to an almost pan-European land war, spreading to colonies in the Americas and India.

Modern Europe

19th century

The death of Frederick VII of Denmark was a cause of the Second Schleswig War (1864). Episoden af Traefning ved Sankelmark, den 6. Februar.jpg
The death of Frederick VII of Denmark was a cause of the Second Schleswig War (1864).
The Third Carlist War (1872-1876). Bataille de Trevino.jpg
The Third Carlist War (1872–1876).

Timeline

Petar of Serbia#Civil warsTwenty Years' AnarchyByzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628Roman civil war of 350–353Year of the Four EmperorsCharles the Fat#Deposition, death, and legacyCivil wars of the TetrarchyYear of the Five EmperorsRoman–Bosporan WarPyrrhus of EpirusKoppány#Rebellion and deathCarolingian civil warSiege of Laon (741)Battle of LucofaoBattle of the FrigidusYear of the Six EmperorsCrisis of the Third CenturyWars of the DiadochiFeud of the SviatoslavichiOlga of KievÆthelwold's RevoltHarald Klak#The Civil War of 812–814Frankish Civil War (715–718)EbroinBrunhilda of AustrasiaFredegundBoudicaBosporan Civil WarList of wars of succession in Europe
Ottoman Civil War (1509–13)Ottoman InterregnumByzantine civil war of 1352–1357Byzantine civil war of 1341–1347War of the Euboeote SuccessionStefan the First-Crowned#Conflict over successionBattle of PantinaRomanos IV Diogenes#BetrayalLiberal WarsWar of the Portuguese SuccessionWar of the Castilian SuccessionNavarrese Civil War (1451–1455)Fernandine WarsByzantine civil war of 1321–1328Nicaean–Latin warsFourth CrusadeCarlist WarsWar of the Spanish SuccessionFranco-Spanish War (1595–98)Catalan Civil WarWar of the Two PetersCastilian Civil WarRostislav Mikhailovich#His struggle for BulgariaAlfonso VIII of Castile#Regency and civil warWar of the Three SanchosWar of the Three SanchosFitna of al-AndalusFitna of al-AndalusWar of the Montferrat SuccessionItalian War of 1536–1538Mad WarMilanese War of Succession1383–1385 Portuguese interregnumTancred, King of Sicily#KingshipRoger II of Sicily#Rise to power in southern ItalyBohemond I of Antioch#Succession crisisBohemond I of Antioch#Succession crisisKalbidsPiedmontese Civil WarStrasbourg Bishops' WarFrench–Breton WarFrench–Breton WarWar of the Breton SuccessionBattle of TinchebrayMaine (province)#Norman conquest and rule (1062–1070)Franco-Prussian WarWar of the Quadruple AllianceWar of the Mantuan SuccessionSuccession of Henry IV of FranceWar of the Three HenrysItalian War of 1494–1495War of the Burgundian SuccessionHundred Years' WarWar of the Succession of ChampagneBaussenque WarsFulco I, Margrave of MilanWilliam the Conqueror#Duke of NormandyGuelders WarsGuelders WarsFirst War of the Guelderian SuccessionWar of the Flemish SuccessionBattle of SteppesWilliam Clito#Count of FlandersGodfrey III, Duke of Lower LorraineWar of DevolutionUtrecht war of 1481–83Utrecht war (1456–1458)#Aftermath (1470–1474)Utrecht war (1456–1458)Utrecht SchismWars of the Loon SuccessionWar of the Limburg SuccessionBattle of Cassel (1071)War of the Bavarian SuccessionNine Years' WarHook and Cod warsBremen Diocesan FeudLoon WarPeter, King of Hungary#Exile (1041–1044)War of the Austrian SuccessionHessian War#Marburg Inheritance Dispute (from 1604)Hessian WarWar of the Katzenelnbogen SuccessionCologne Diocesan FeudWar of the Brabantian SuccessionHoly Roman Empire#InterregnumHoly Roman Empire#InterregnumEmeric, King of Hungary#Struggles with his brother (1196–1200)Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor#Succession crsisWar of the Polish SuccessionWar of the Jülich SuccessionHabsburg–Ottoman wars in Hungary (1526–1568)Habsburg–Ottoman wars in Hungary (1526–1568)War of the Succession of LandshutWars of the Lüneburg SuccessionThuringian Counts' WarWar of the Thuringian SuccessionGerman throne disputeFrederick II, Duke of Swabia#Salian war of successionGerman–Polish War (1003–1018)Düsseldorf Cow WarWar of the Polish Succession (1587–88)Hildesheim Diocesan FeudWar of the Hungarian SuccessionMainz Diocesan FeudOld Zürich WarWars of the Rügen SuccessionBattle of KressenbrunnSiege of VyshgorodDanish Civil War#The Civil War of 1146–1157Danish Civil War#The Civil War of 1146–1157Second Schleswig WarCivil war in Poland (1704–1706)Polish–Swedish War (1600–29)Danzig rebellionWar of the Succession of StettinSaxon Fratricidal WarCivil war in Greater Poland (1382–1385)Civil war in Greater Poland (1382–1385)Władysław the White's rebellionWładysław the White's rebellionSack of Kiev (1169)Sack of Kiev (1169)#1139–1142 Kievan succession crisisEric and EricFirst Schleswig WarMoscow uprising of 1682War against SigismundCount's FeudLithuanian Civil War (1432–1438)Galicia–Volhynia WarsBattle of Lipitsa1174–1177 Suzdalian war of successionSack of Kiev (1169)#1146–1159 Kievan succession crisisSack of Kiev (1169)#1132–1134 Pereyaslavl succession crisisKievan succession crisis of 1015–1019Russian interregnum of 1825Jacobite risingsTime of TroublesWar of the Priests (Poland)Muscovite Civil WarGreat TroublesCivil war era in NorwayCivil war era in NorwayRebellion of 1088Monmouth RebellionWyatt's rebellionWars of the RosesWars of the RosesWars of Scottish IndependenceWars of Scottish IndependenceFirst Barons' WarGruffydd ap Rhys II#Family feudOwain Gwynedd#Disputes with the church and successionThe AnarchyBattle of Stamford BridgeNorman ConquestCnut#Conquest of EnglandList of wars of succession in Europe

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Initially, William of Normandy was called William "the Bastard" by his opponents because he was an illegitimate son ( bastard ) of Robert I, and therefore some Norman noblemen rejected him as successor. Later, he became known as William "the Conqueror" when he also managed to enforce his claim to the English throne with the 1066 Norman invasion of England. William's reign in Normandy itself was not unopposed until 1060, despite being largely secured since 1047.
  2. ↑ Roger II of Sicily was the son of Roger "Bosso" I of Sicily, William II of Apulia was the grandson of Robert Guiscard, and Robert II of Capua was the great-grandson of Fressenda and Robert I of Capua; thus, all three descended from three different children of Tancred of Hauteville.
  3. ↑ An 1870 issue of the Dutch periodical Onze Tijd ("Our Time") went as far as to name it the Tweede Spaansche Successieoorlog ("Second War of the Spanish Succession", as opposed to the "first" in 1701–1715), stating: "Although already in 1866 anyone who had been keeping a clear eye on the state of affairs should have considered a war between France and Prussia inevitable, one would likely have looked in every other place for the direct cause of that war before Spain. (...) So strange, that it is evident that finding it in the Spanish succession was the result of a monarch just looking for any kind of pretext to declare war." [97]

References

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  2. ↑ PD-icon.svg This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain :  Mason, Charles Peter (1870). "Argaeus". In Smith, William (ed.). Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology . Vol. 1. p. 279.
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  31. 1 2 Chaytor, H. J. A History of Aragon and Catalonia. Chapter 3: The Reconquest (1933), p. 38. London: Methuen.
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Bibliography

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