List of wars of independence

This article is about wars of secession by a breakaway region from a state. For wars of succession during succession crises, see List of wars of succession.

This is a list of wars of independence , including armed conflicts fought for independence of a nation. These wars may or may not have been successful in achieving a goal of independence.

List

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

  Independence failed

  Independence succeeded

  De facto independence with limited recognition

  Autonomy granted

  Stalemate

  Ongoing conflict

Dates	Name	Independent state	Anti-independence state	Result
722–710 BC	Rebellion of Merodach-Baladan II	Babylonia	Assyria	Restoration of Babylonian independence from Assyria in 722 BC; reconquest of Babylonia by Assyria in 710 BC
701 BC	Sennacherib's campaign in the Levant	Phoenicia, Philistia, Judah	Assyria	Defeat of rebel states; reestablishment of Assyrian control over the Levant
626–620 BC	Rebellion of Nabopolassar	Babylonia	Assyria	Creation of the Neo-Babylonian Empire; beginning of the Medo-Babylonian conquest of the Assyrian Empire
601–586 BC	Judah's revolts against Babylon	Judah	Babylonia	Destruction of the Kingdom of Judah; Babylonian captivity
499–493 BC	Ionian Revolt	Ionia, Aeolis, Doris, Caria, Cyprus	Persia	Defeat of Greek insurgents; beginning of the first Persian invasion of Greece
484 BC	Babylonian revolts	Babylonia	Persia	Defeat of Babylonian insurgents
460–454 BC	Rebellion of Inaros II	Egypt	Persia	Defeat of Egyptian insurgents
411–400 BC	Rebellion of Amyrtaeus	Egypt	Persia	Restoration of Egyptian independence from Persia
335 BC	Battle of Thebes	Thebes	Macedonia	Destruction of Thebes
323–322 BC	Lamian War	Central Greek states led by   Athens	Macedonia	Defeat of rebel Greek states; reestablishment of Macedonian control over central Greece
206–186 BC	Great Theban Revolt	Upper Egypt	Ptolemaic Empire	Defeat of Egyptian insurgents
167–141 BC	Maccabean Revolt	Judea	Seleucid Empire	Independence of Judea from the Seleucid Empire; creation of the Jewish Hasmonean dynasty
155–139 BC	Lusitanian War	Lusitanian tribes	Roman Republic	Defeat of Lusitanian insurgents; annexation of Lusitania by the Roman Republic
54–50 BC	Gaul revolts from Gallic Wars	Gaulish tribes	Roman Republic	Defeat of Gaulish insurgents; annexation of Gaul by the Roman Republic
6–9	Great Illyrian Revolt	Illyrian tribes	Roman Empire	Defeat of Illyrian insurgents
9	Battle of the Teutoburg Forest	Germanic tribes	Roman Empire	Liberation of Germania from Roman rule
15–24	Tacfarinas revolt	Musulamii, Mauri, Garamantes, Gaetuli	Roman Empire	Defeat of Berber insurgents; consolidation of Roman rule in Africa
40–43	Trung sisters' rebellion	Lạc Việt	Han China	Rebellion suppressed; reestablishment of Chinese rule in Vietnam
60–61	Boudican revolt	Brittonic tribes	Roman Empire	Defeat of Celtic Briton insurgents
66–135	Jewish–Roman wars	Judea	Roman Empire	Defeat of Jewish insurgents; Jewish diaspora
192	Khu Liên revolt	Lâm Ấp (Champa)	Han China	Independence of Lâm Ấp from China
260–274	Postumus revolt	Gallic Empire	Roman Empire	Disestablishment of the Gallic Empire; reestablishment of Roman imperial rule in Gaul, Hispania, and Britain
270–273	Zenobia's revolt	Palmyrene Empire	Roman Empire	Disestablishment of the Palmyrene Empire; reestablishment of Roman imperial rule in Egypt, Palestine, Phoenicia, Syria, and Anatolia
286–296	Carausian revolt	Britannic Empire	Roman Empire	Disestablishment of the Britannic Empire; reestablishment of Roman imperial rule in Britain and northern Gaul
372–375	Firmus revolt	Numidia	Roman Empire	Defeat of Berber insurgents
484–573	Samaritan revolts	Samaria	Byzantine Empire	Defeat of Samaritan insurgents
541–543	Lý Bí revolt	Vietnam	Liang China	Independence of Vietnam from Chinese rule
660–663	Baekje revival movement	Baekje Korea	Tang China Silla Korea	Movement defeated; Baekje initially annexed by China, subsequently ransferred to Silla after the Silla-Tang War
698	Battle of Tianmenling	Balhae	Zhou China	Independence of Balhae from China
720–832	Bashmurian revolts	Bashmur	Umayyad Caliphate (720–750) Abbasid Caliphate (750–832)	Defeat of Egyptian Coptic insurgents
722	Battle of Covadonga	Asturias	Umayyad Caliphate	Asturias retains independence; beginning of the Reconquista
740–743	Berber Revolt	Barghawata, Tlemcen, Sijilmasa	Umayyad Caliphate	Independence of Berber states in western Maghreb from the Umayyad Caliphate
782–804	Saxon revolts from Saxon Wars	Saxony	Carolingian Empire	Defeat of Saxon insurgents; Frankish annexation of Saxony
782–793	Frisian revolts against Frankish rule	Frisia	Carolingian Empire	Defeat of Frisian insurgents
816–837	Babak's revolt	Khurramites	Abbasid Caliphate	Defeat of Persian insurgents
824	Second Battle of Roncevaux Pass	Pamplona (Basques)	Carolingian Empire	Creation of the Kingdom of Pamplona
841–847	Yu'firid conquest of Yemen	Yu'firids	Abbasid Caliphate	Independence of Yemen from the Abbasid Caliphate
864–869	Uprising of Hasan ibn Zayd	Alavids	Abbasid Caliphate	Independence of Tabaristan from the Abbasid Caliphate
938	Battle of Bạch Đằng	Vietnam	Southern Han	Independence of Vietnam from Chinese rule
1011–1013	Jarrahid revolt	Jarrahids	Fatimid Caliphate	Defeat of Bedouin insurgents; reestablishment of Fatimid rule in Palestine
1024–1029	Bedouin uprising	Jarrahids, Mirdasids, Kalbs	Fatimid Caliphate	Defeat of Bedouin insurgents; reestablishment of Fatimid rule in Palestine, Damascus and Homs
1038–1047	Miecław's Rebellion	Miecław's State	Poland	Defeat of Miecław; reintegration of Mazovia into Poland
1067–1075	Anglo-Saxon resistance to Norman rule	England	Normandy	Defeat of Anglo-Saxon insurgents
1128	Battle of São Mamede	Portugal	León	Independence of Portugal from León
1185–1188	Uprising of Asen and Peter	Bulgaria	Byzantine Empire	Restoration of Bulgarian independence from the Byzantine Empire; creation of the Second Bulgarian Empire
1238	Rebellion of Bang Klang Hao	Thailand	Cambodia	Independence of Thailand from Cambodia
1270–1273	Sambyeolcho Rebellion	Sambyeolcho	Yuan Empire (Mongols)	Defeat of Korean insurgents; Korea as a vassal state of the Yuan Empire
1282	Sicilian Vespers	Sicily	Angevin-Neapolitan monarchy	Liberation of Sicilly from Angevin regime
1296–1357	Wars of Scottish Independence	Scotland	England	Scotland retains independence
1300–1301	Second Mongol invasion of Myanmar	Myinsaing	Yuan Empire (Mongols)	Myinsaing retains independence; withdrawal of Yuan forces from Upper Burma
1327	Tver Uprising	Tver	Golden Horde (Mongols)	Defeat of Russian insurgents
1343–1345	Saint George's Night Uprising	Estonians	Denmark Teutonic Order	Defeat of Estonian insurgents; transferral of Estonia from Denmark to the Teutonic Order
1346–1347	Rebellion of Ismail Mukh	Bahmani Sultanate	Delhi Sultanate	Creation of the Bahmani Sultanate; loss of Delhi's control over the Deccan
1351–1368	Red Turban Rebellions	Ming China	Yuan Empire (Mongols)	Creation of the Chinese Ming dynasty; Yuan retreat to the Mongolian Plateau
1353–1359	Ekdala Wars	Bengal	Delhi Sultanate	Independence of Bengal from Delhi
1400–1415	Glyndŵr rebellion	Wales	England	Defeat of Welsh insurgents; reestablishment of English rule in Wales
1418–1427	Lam Sơn uprising	Vietnam	Ming China	Restoration of Vietnamese independence from Chinese rule
1432–1479	Albanian–Ottoman Wars	Albanian League	Ottoman Empire	Independence of Albania from the Ottoman Empire in 1444; reconquest of Albania by the Ottoman Empire in 1479
1468–1500	Kazakh War of Independence	Kazakh Khanate	Uzbek Khanate	Kazakh Khanate retains independence
1480	Battle of the Ugra	Muscovy	Great Horde (Mongols)	End of Tatar yoke in Russia
1499	Swabian War	Old Swiss Confederacy	Holy Roman Empire	De facto independence of Switzerland from the Holy Roman Empire
1500	Rebellion of Oyake Akahachi	Ishigaki	Ryukyu	Rebellion suppressed; Sakishima Islands annexed by Ryukyu
1515–1523	Frisian peasant rebellion	Frisia	Habsburg Netherlands	Defeat of Frisian insurgents
1521–1523	Swedish War of Liberation	Sweden	Kalmar Union	Restoration of Swedish independence from the Kalmar Union
1536–1537	Siege of Cusco	Inca Empire	Spain	Inca retreat to Vilcabamba
1540–1542	Mixtón War	Caxcans	Spain	Defeat of Native Mexican insurgents
1552–1556	Kazan rebellion	Kazan	Russia	Defeat of Tatar insurgents
1568–1571	Morisco Revolt	Moriscos	Spain	Defeat of Morisco insurgents
1568–1648	Eighty Years' War	Netherlands	Spain	Independence of the Netherlands from Spain
1573	Uprising of Mohamed Thakurufaanu	Maldives	Portugal	Restoration of Maldivian independence from Portugal
1576–1612	Baro-Bhuyan resistance to Mughal rule	Baro-Bhuyans	Mughal Empire	Defeat of Baro-Bhuyans; Bengal totally under Mughal control
1584–1593	Nandric War	Thailand	Myanmar	Restoration of Thailand's independence from Myanmar
1586–1589	Kashmiri resistance to Mughal rule	Kashmir	Mughal Empire	Defeat of Kashmiri insurgents
1591	Lan Xang Restoration	Laos	Myanmar	Restoration of Laos' independence from Myanmar
1593–1603	Tyrone's Rebellion	Irish confederacy	England	Defeat of Irish clans; annexation of Gaelic Ireland by Tudors
1594	Uprising in Banat	Serbia	Ottoman Empire	Defeat of Serb insurgents
1596–1597	Grdan's Uprising
1598	First Tarnovo Uprising	Bulgaria	Ottoman Empire	Defeat of Bulgarian insurgents
1598–1604	Destruction of the Seven Cities	Mapuches	Spain	Elimination of Spanish settlements south of the Bio-Bio River in Chile
1604–1606	Bocskai uprising	Hungary	Habsburg monarchy	Treaty of Vienna; recognition of the independent Principality of Transylvania
1618–1620	Bohemian Revolt	Bohemia	Habsburg monarchy	Defeat of Czech insurgents; abolishment of the elective monarchy of Bohemia in favour of the hereditary succession of Habsburg monarchs
1640–1659	Reapers' War	Catalan Republic	Spain	Partition of Catalonia between Spain and France
1640–1668	Portuguese Restoration War	Portugal	Spain	Restoration of Portuguese independence from Spain
1647–1648	Neapolitan Revolt of 1647	Neapolitan Republic	Spain	Revolt suppressed
1648–1657	Khmelnytsky Uprising	Cossack Hetmanate	Poland–Lithuania	Independence of Ukraine from Poland–Lithuania
1669–1672	Shakushain's revolt	Ainu	Edo Japan	Defeat of Ainu insurgents; consolidation of Japanese control over Hokkaido
1673–1681	Revolt of the Three Feudatories	Zhou	Qing Empire	Defeat of Han Chinese insurgents; consolidation of Qing rule in Southern China
1675–1678	King Philip's War	Indigenous peoples of the Northeastern Woodlands	New England Confederation	Defeat of Native Americans
1679–1707	Rathore rebellion	Marwar	Mughal Empire	Marwar retains independence
1680–1696	Pueblo Revolt	Puebloans	Spain	Liberation of New Mexico from Spanish rule in 1680; recapture of New Mexico by Spain in 1692
1703–1711	Rákóczi's War of Independence	Hungary	Habsburg monarchy	Defeat of Hungarian insurgents
1715–1717	Yamasee War	Yamasees	South Carolina	Defeat of Native American insurgents
1722–1730	Syunik rebellion	Armenia	Safavid Iran Ottoman Empire	Defeat of Armenian insurgents
1729–1731	Natchez revolt	Natchez	France	Defeat of Native American insurgents
1729–1769	Corsican Revolution	Corsican Republic	Genoa (1729–1768) France (1768–1769)	De facto independence of Corisca from Genoa in 1755; disestablishment of the Corsican Republic in 1769; annexation of Corsica by France
1740	Mon revolt	Hanthawaddy	Myanmar	Independence of Lower Burma; beginning of the Konbaung–Hanthawaddy War
1742–1752	Juan Santos Rebellion	Native Peruvians	Spain	Liberation of Yungas from Spanish rule
1744–1829	Dagohoy rebellion	Bohol	Spain	Defeat of Philippine insurgents
1754–1762	Rebellion of Sukh Jiwan Mal	Kashmir	Durrani Afghanistan	Independence of Kashmir from Afghanistan in 1754; reconquest of Kashmir by Afghanistan in 1762
1763–1766	Pontiac's War	Indigenous peoples in the Great Lakes region	Britain	Establishment of the Indian Reserve
1767	Battle of Phosamton	Thailand	Myanmar	Liberation of Thailand from Burmese occupation
1770	Orlov revolt	Greece	Ottoman Empire	Defeat of Greek insurgents
1775–1783	American Revolutionary War	United States	Britain	Independence of the United States from Britain
1780–1783	Rebellion of Túpac Amaru II	Native Peruvians	Spain	Rebellion suppressed
1781	Rebellion of Túpac Katari	Native Bolivians	Spain	Rebellion suppressed
1785–1795	Northwest Indian War	Northwestern Confederacy	United States	Defeat of Native Americans; annexation of the Old Northwest by the United States
1789–1790	Brabant Revolution	United Belgian States	Habsburg monarchy	Revolution suppressed; reestablishment of Austrian rule in Belgium
1791–1804	Haitian Revolution	Haiti	France	Independence of Haiti from France
1794	Kościuszko Uprising	Poland–Lithuania	Russia   Prussia	Third Partition of Poland; fall of Poland–Lithuania
1794–1796	British Invasion of Corsica	Kingdom of Corsica	France	French reconquest of Corsica
1798–1804	Irish Rebellion of 1798	Irish Republic	Britain	Defeat of Irish insurgents; abolition of the Parliament of Ireland; establishment of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
1802–1805	Russo-Tlingit War [ru]	Tlingits	Russian-American Company	Defeat of Native Alaskan insurgents
1804–1817	Serbian Revolution	Serbia	Ottoman Empire	Establishment of the Principality of Serbia under Ottoman suzerainty
1806	Vellore Mutiny	Mysore	British East India Company	Revolt suppressed
1806–1807	Greater Poland uprising of 1806	Poland	Prussia	Creation of the Napoleonic Poland
1807	Tunisian–Algerian War of 1807	Tunisia	Algeria	Liberation of Tunisia from Algerian suzerainty
1808–1814	Peninsular War	Portugal Spain	France	Restoration of independent Portugal and Spain from France
1810s–1820s	Latin American wars of independence		Spain	Independence of many Spanish-American colonies from Spain
	Bolivian War of Independence	Bolivia
	Ecuadorian War of Independence	Ecuador
	Venezuelan War of Independence	Venezuela
	Argentine War of Independence	Río de la Plata
	Colombian War of Independence	Colombia
	Mexican War of Independence	Mexico
	Chilean War of Independence	Chile
	Paraguay campaign	Paraguay	Río de la Plata
	Peruvian War of Independence	Peru	Spain
1810–1813	Tecumseh's War	Tecumseh's confederacy	United States	Defeat of Native American insurgents
1813	German campaign	German states	France	Dissolution of the Rhine Confederation
1814	Swedish–Norwegian War	Norway	Sweden	Convention of Moss; establishment of the United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway
1817	Pattimura War [id]	Ambon	Netherlands	Defeat of Ambonese insurgents
1817	Pernambucan revolt	Pernambuco	Portugal	Defeat of Brazilian insurgents
1817–1819	Third Anglo-Maratha War	Maratha	British East India Company	Dissolution of the Maratha Confederacy; Britain takes over all Maratha territories
1817–1864	Caucasian War	Circassian Confederation Principality of Abkhazia Caucasian Imamate	Russia	Annexation of North Caucasus by Russia; Circassian genocide
1821–1829	Greek War of Independence	Greece	Ottoman Empire	Independence of Greece from the Ottoman Empire
1822–1824	Brazilian War of Independence	Brazil	Portugal	Independence of Brazil from Portugal
1824	Confederation of the Equator	Confederation of the Equator	Brazil	Revolt suppressed
1825–1828	Cisplatine War	Uruguay	Brazil Río de la Plata	Disputation between Brazil and Río de la Plata; independence of Uruguay from Brazil
1825–1830	Java War	Java	Netherlands	Defeat of Javanese insurgents
1826–1828	Anouvong's Rebellion	Vientiane Champasak	Thailand	Defeat of rebel Lao states; beginning of the Siamese–Vietnamese War
1830–1831	November Uprising	Poland	Russia	Defeat of Polish insurgents; liquidation of autonomy of Congress Poland
1830–1839	Belgian Revolution	Belgium	Netherlands	Independence of Belgium from the Netherlands
1830–1875	Pacification of Algeria	Emirate of Mascara	France	Disestablishment of the Emirate of Mascara; defeat of Algerian insurgents
1831–1832	Bosnian uprising	Bosnia	Ottoman Empire	Defeat of Bosnian Muslim insurgents; Herzegovina separated from Bosnia Eyalet; Bosnian lands eastern of Drina ceded to Serbia
1834–1835	Ja Thak Wa uprising	Champa	Vietnam	Defeat of Cham insurgents
1835–1836	Texas Revolution	Texas	Mexico	De facto independence of Texas from Mexico
1835–1845	Ragamuffin War	Riograndense Republic   Juliana Republic	Brazil	Juliana, Riograndense disestablished and reintegrated into Brazil
1836–1839	War of the Confederation	Peru	Peru–Bolivian Confederation	Restoration of Peruvian independence; dissolution of the Peru–Bolivian Confederation
1837–1838	Rebellions of 1837–1838	Republic of Lower Canada Republic of Canada	Britain	Defeat of insurgents; unification of Upper Canada and Lower Canada into the Province of Canada
1838–1840	Second Central American Civil War	Guatemala   Nicaragua   Honduras	Federal Republic of Central America	Dissolution of the Federal Republic of Central America
1839–1840	Rio Grande rebellion	Republic of the Rio Grande	Mexico	Rebellion suppressed
1840–1841	Cambodian rebellion of 1840	Cambodia	Vietnam	Independence of Cambodia from Vietnam
1840–1843	First separation of Yucatán	Republic of Yucatán	Mexico	Yucatán as a state of Mexico
1843	Gwalior campaign	Gwalior	British East India Company	Defeat of Gwalior
1844–1847	Franco-Tahitian War	Tahiti Huahine Raiatea Bora Bora	France	Tahiti under French protection; Huahine, Raiatea, and Bora Bora retain independence
1844–1856	Dominican War of Independence	Dominican Republic	Haiti	Independence of the Dominican Republic from Haiti
1846	Kraków uprising	Poland	Austria	Defeat of Polish insurgents; annexation of Kraków by Austria
1847–1915	Caste War of Yucatán	Maya state of Chan Santa Cruz	Mexico	De facto independence of the Maya state in 1849; disestablishment of the Maya state in 1901; Mexico recaptures the Yucatan Peninsula
1848	Poznań Uprising	Poland	Prussia	Defeat of Polish insurgents; transformation of the Grand Duchy of Posen into the Province of Posen
1848–1849	Hungarian Revolution of 1848	Hungary	Austria	Revolution suppressed; Hungary placed under military dictatorship until the 1867 Compromise
1848–1866	Italian Wars of Independence [1]	Italy	Austria	Creation of the Kingdom of Italy; unification of the Italian peninsula
1848–1849	Second Anglo-Sikh war	Sikh Empire	British East India Company	Fall of the Sikh Empire; Britain's annexation of Punjab
1848–1849	Los Altan rebellion	Los Altos	Guatemala	Rebellion suppressed
1856–1873	Panthay Rebellion	Dali sultanate	Qing Empire	Defeat of Chinese Muslim insurgents
1857–1858	First War of Indian Independence	Mughal Empire	British East India Company	Fall of the Mughal Empire; transferral of East India Company's power to the government of Britain
1861–1865	American Civil War	Confederate States	United States (Union)	Dissolution of the Confederacy; reintegration of the Confederate states into the United States
1861–1883	Pacification of Araucanía	Kingdom of Araucanía and Patagonia	Chile	Defeat of the Mapuche; annexation of Araucanía by Chile
1862–1877	Tongzhi Hui Revolt	Yettishar	Qing Empire	Qing reconquest of Xinjiang
1863–1865	January Uprising	Poland	Russia	Defeat of Polish insurgents
1863–1865	Dominican Restoration War	Dominican Republic	Spain	Restoration of Dominican independence from Spanish occupation
1868	Lares revolt	Republic of Puerto Rico	Spain	Defeat of Puerto Rican insurgents
1868–1878	Ten Years' War	Cuban Liberation Army	Spain	Defeat of Cuban insurgents
1874–1903	Acehnese resistance to Dutch rule	Aceh	Netherlands	Defeat of Acehnese insurgents
1876	April Uprising	Bulgaria	Ottoman Empire	Defeat of Bulgarian insurgents; beginning of the Russo-Turkish War, which led to de facto independence of Bulgaria in 1878
1876–1878	Serbian Wars for Independence	Serbia	Ottoman Empire	Independence of Serbia from the Ottoman Empire
1877	Romanian War of Independence	Romania	Ottoman Empire	Independence of Romania from the Ottoman Empire
1879–1880	Uprising of Sheikh Ubeydullah	Kurdistan	Ottoman Empire   Qajar Iran	Defeat of Kurdish insurgents
1880–1881	First Boer War	South African Republic	Britain	Restoration of the South African Republic
1881–1899	Mahdist War	Mahdist Sudan	Egypt (1881–1882)   Britain (1882–1899)	Disestablishment of Mahdist Sudan; establishment of Anglo-Egyptian Sudan
1882	Anglo-Egyptian War	Egypt	Britain	British occupation of Egypt
1885–1895	Burmese resistance to British rule	Myanmar	Britain	Revolts suppressed
1885–1896	Cần Vương movement	Vietnam	France	Defeat of Vietnamese insurgents
1887–1897	Leewards War	Huahine Raiatea Bora Bora	France	Defeat of Tahitian insurgents; annexation of the Leeward Islands into French Polynesia
1888–1889	Abushiri revolt	Swahili coast	German East Africa Company	Defeat of Arab and Swahili insurgents; transferral of Mainland Tanzania from the German East Africa Company to the government of Germany
1895	Taiwanese resistance to Japanese invasion	Formosan Republic	Japan	Defeat of Taiwanese militia; annexation of Taiwan by Japan
1895–1898	Cuban War of Independence	Cuba	Spain	Independence of Cuba from Spain after four years of American occupation
1896–1898	Philippine Revolution	Philippines	Spain	Creation of the First Philippine Republic; beginning of the Philippine–American War
1896–1903	Menalamba rebellion	Madagascar	France	Defeat of Merina insurgents; consolidation of French rule in Madagascar
1899–1913	Philippine–American War	Philippines	United States	Philippines defeated and annexed by the United States
1899–1920	Somali Dervish movement	Somalia	Britain   Italy	Dissolution of the movement
1903	Ilinden–Preobrazhenie Uprising	Kruševo Republic Strandzha Commune	Ottoman Empire	Defeat of Macedonian and Bulgarian insurgents
1905–1907	Maji Maji Rebellion	Matumbi, Ngindo, Ngoni, Yao	Germany	Defeat of Tanzanian insurgents
1905–1910	Righteous Armies wars	Korea	Japan	Defeat of Korean militia; annexation of Korea by Japan
1912	Battle of Khovd	Mongolia	Qing Empire	Liberation of Outer Mongolia from Qing rule; de facto independence of Outer Mongolia from China
1912	First Expulsion of the Han	Tibet	Qing Empire	Liberation of Tibet from Qing rule; de facto independence of Tibet from China
1912	Battle of Sidi Bou Othman	Morocco	France	Defeat of Moroccan insurgents; annexation of southern Morocco into the French protectorate
1914–1915	Boer revolt	Transvaal Republic	South Africa	Defeat of Boer insurgents; occupation of German South West Africa by South Africa
1915–1918	Senussi campaign	Senussi Order	Italy	Defeat of the Senussi Order; reestablishment of Italian rule in Libya
1916–1921	Irish Revolution	Ireland	Britain	Anglo-Irish Treaty; establishment of the Irish Free State; partition of Ireland
1916–1917	Kaocen revolt	Tuaregs	France	Revolt suppressed
1916–1918	Arab Revolt	Hejaz	Ottoman Empire	Independence of the Hejaz from the Ottoman Empire; partition of the remaining Ottoman-controlled Arab territories in the Levant and Iraq by Britain and France
1916–1934	Basmachi movement	Turkestan	Soviet Russia (1917–1922)   Soviet Union (1922–1934)	Defeat of the movement; Turkestan conquered by the Red Army
1917–1921	Ukrainian War of Independence	Ukraine	Soviet Russia   Poland	Independence of Ukraine from Russia; partition of Ukraine by Soviet Union and Poland
1918–1919	Poznań War	Poland	Germany	Independence of Poland from Germany
1918–1920	Estonian War of Independence	Estonia	Soviet Russia	Independence of Estonia from Russian Empire/Russian SFSR
1918–1920	Latvian War of Independence	Latvia	Soviet Russia	Independence of Latvia from Russian Empire/Russian SFSR
1918–1920	Lithuanian War of Independence	Lithuania	Soviet Russia   Poland	Independence of Lithuania from Russian Empire/Russian SFSR and Poland
1919–1920	Revolt of the Ingrian Finns	North Ingria	Soviet Russia	Defeat of Ingrian insurgents; Genocide of the Ingrian Finns
1919	Christmas Uprising	Montenegrin Greens	Yugoslavia	Uprising suppressed; Montenegro integrated into Yugoslavia
1919	Third Anglo-Afghan War	Afghanistan	Britain	Britain recognizes Afghanistan's independence
1919–1923	Turkish War of Independence	Turkey	Ottoman Empire   Greece   France   Britain   Armenia	Creation of the Republic of Turkey; fall of the Ottoman Empire; replacement of the Treaty of Sèvres by the Treaty of Lausanne
1919–1924	Mahmud Barzanji revolts	Kingdom of Kurdistan	Britain   Iraq	Defeat of Kurdish insurgents
1920	Franco-Syrian War	Arab Kingdom of Syria	France	Disestablishment of the Arab Kingdom of Syria; establishment of French Syria
1920	Iraqi Revolt	Iraq	Britain	Anglo-Iraqi Treaty; establishment of the Kingdom of Iraq under British Administration
1920	Ganja revolt	Azerbaijan	Soviet Russia	Defeat of Azerbaijani insurgents
1920	Slutsk uprising	Belarus	Soviet Russia	Defeat of Belarusian insurgents
1920–1926	Rif War	Rif Republic	Spain	Disestablishment of the Rif Republic; consolidation of Spanish rule in Rif
1921	February Uprising	Mountainous Armenia	Soviet Russia	Defeat of Armenian insurgents
1921	Mongolian Revolution of 1921	Mongolia	China	Restoration of Outer Mongolian independence from Chinese occupation; creation of the Mongolian People's Republic
1921–1922	East Karelian uprising	Karelian United Government	Soviet Russia	Defeat of East Karelian insurgents
1922–1932	Second Italo-Senussi War	Senussi Order	Fascist Italy	Defeat of the Senussi Order; consolidation of Italian rule in Libya; Libyan genocide
1924	August Uprising	Committee for the Independence of Georgia	Soviet Union	Defeat of Georgian insurgents; consolidation of Soviet rule in Georgian SSR
1924–1925	Tungus Uprising	Tungus Republic	Soviet Union	Peace surrender of Yakut and Tungusic insurgents
1925–1927	Great Syrian Revolt	Syria	France	Defeat of Syrian insurgents
1927–1931	Ararat rebellion	Republic of Ararat	Turkey	Defeat of Kurdish insurgents
1931–1934	Kumul Rebellion	East Turkestan	China	Defeat of Uyghur insurgents
1936–1939	Arab revolt in Palestine	Arab Higher Committee	Britain	Rebellion suppressed
1936–1939	Waziristan uprising	Waziristan	Britain	Defeat of Pashtun insurgents
1939–1945	Polish resistance movement in World War II	Polish Underground State People's Guard	Nazi Germany	Restoration of Polish statehood after occupation of Poland; establishment of the Provisional Government of National Unity
1940–1941	Abyssinian campaign	Ethiopia	Fascist Italy	Restoration of Ethiopian independence from Italy after three years of British administration
1940–1944	1940–1944 insurgency in Chechnya	Provisional Popular Revolutionary Government of Chechnya-Ingushetia	Soviet Union	Insurgency suppressed; deportation of Chechens and Ingushes to Central Asia
1941–1942	Japanese invasion of Myanmar	State of Burma	Britain	Creation of the State of Burma under Japanese occupation
1941–1945	Yugoslav National Liberation War	Yugoslavia	Nazi Germany   Fascist Italy   Hungary   Bulgaria	Creation of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
1942–1944	Albanian National Liberation Movement	Albania	Fascist Italy (1942–1943)   Nazi Germany (1943–1944)	Creation of the People's Republic of Albania
1944	Operation U-Go	Free India	Britain	Operation defeated
1944–1946	Ili Rebellion	East Turkestan	China	Establishment of the Coalition Government of Xinjiang Province
1944–1948	Jewish insurgency in Mandatory Palestine	Jewish Resistance Movement	Britain	Insurgency unsuppressed, leading up to the creation of the State of Israel and the First Arab–Israeli War
1944–1956	Guerrilla war in the Baltic states	Lithuanian partisans Latvian partisans Estonian partisans	Soviet Union	Defeat of insurgents
1945	1945 PETA revolt in Blitar	Defenders of the Homeland	Japan	Defeat of Indonesian insurgents
1945	Burmese Army's resistance to Japanese occupation	Burma Independence Army	Japan	Myanmar returns to British rule and later becomes independent
1945	August Revolution	Democratic Republic of Vietnam	Japan	Creation of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam; beginning of the First Indochina War
1945–1949	Indonesian National Revolution	Indonesia	Netherlands	Independence of Indonesia from the Netherlands
1946–1954	First Indochina War	North Vietnam   South Vietnam   Laos Cambodia	France	Independence of Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia from French rule; partition of Vietnam
1947–1949	Malagasy Uprising	Madagascar	France	Defeat of Malagasy insurgents
1948–1949	First Arab–Israeli War	Israel	Arab League	State of Israel established over 78% of the territory of former Mandatory Palestine; the rest under Jordanian and Egyptian control
1948–ongoing	Insurgency in Balochistan	Kalat Balochistan Liberation Army	Pakistan   Iran	Ongoing; Pakistani counter-insurgency launched in 2024
1948–1960	Malayan Emergency	Malayan Communist Party	Britain	Communist insurgency continues after Malayan independence from Britain in 1957
1950–1954	Puerto Rican Nationalist Party insurgency	Nationalist Party of Puerto Rico	United States	Revolts suppressed
1950–1963	Ambonese resistance to Indonesian rule	South Maluku	Indonesia	South Maluku defeated and annexed by Indonesia
1952–1960	Mau Mau rebellion	Kenya Land and Freedom Army	Britain	Rebellion suppressed
1954–1962	Algerian War	Algeria	France	Independence of Algeria from France
1954–ongoing	Insurgency in Northeast India	Separatist groups in Northeast India	India	Ongoing (low level insurgency)
1955–1959	Cyprus Emergency	Cyprus	Britain	Independence of Cyprus from Britain
1955–2005	South Sudanese wars of independence	South Sudan	Sudan	Independence of South Sudan from Sudan after six years of autonomy
1956	Hungarian Uprising	Hungary	Soviet Union	Uprising suppressed; Hungary remains a communist state until 1989 democratization
1959	1959 Tibetan uprising	Tibet	People's Republic of China	Defeat of Tibetan insurgents; abolition of the Tibetan Government; Tibetan diaspora
1959–2011	Basque conflict	Basque National Liberation Movement	Spain   France	Dissolution of ETA
1960–1963	Katanga and South Kasai secessions	State of Katanga   South Kasai	Congo-Léopoldville	Katanga, South Kasai defeated and reintegrated into Congo-Léopoldville
1961–1963	Aden Emergency	South Yemen	Britain	Independence of South Yemen from Britain
1961–1974	Angolan War of Independence	Angola	Portugal	Independence of Angola from Portugal
1961–1991	Eritrean War of Independence	Eritrea	Ethiopia	Independence of Eritrea from Ethiopia
1962	Brunei revolt	Brunei People's Party	Britain	Defeat of Bruneian insurgents who aim to found the North Borneo Federation; abstention of Brunei from joining Malaysia
1962–1982	Rwenzururu movement	Rwenzururu	Uganda	Autonomy granted to Rwenzururu
1962–1990	Communist insurgency in Sarawak	North Kalimantan Communist Party	Britain (1962–1963)   Malaysia (1963–1990)	Dissolution of NKCP
1962–ongoing	Papua conflict	Free Papua Movement	Indonesia	Ongoing
1963–1974	Guinea-Bissau War of Independence	Guinea-Bissau	Portugal	Independence of Guinea-Bissau from Portugal
1963–1977	Dhofar War	Dhofar Liberation Front	Oman	Defeat of Dhofari insurgents
1964–1974	Mozambican War of Independence	Mozambique	Portugal	Independence of Mozambique from Portugal
1966–1988	Namibian War of Independence	Namibia	South Africa	Independence of Namibia from South Africa
1967–1970	Nigerian Civil War	Biafra	Nigeria	Biafra defeated and reintegrated into Nigeria
1968–2019	Moro conflict	Bangsamoro	Philippines	Peace agreement; establishment of the Bangsamoro Transition Authority
1970–ongoing	Western Sahara conflict	Sahrawi Republic	Spain (1970–1975)   Morocco (1975–present)	On going; 70% of Western Sahara occupied and administered by Morocco
1971	Bangladesh Liberation War	Bangladesh	Pakistan	Independence of Bangladesh from Pakistan
1974	Cyprus Peace Operation	Northern Cyprus	Cyprus	De facto independence of Northern Cyprus; partition of Cyprus
1975–1976	Timorese resistance to Indonesian invasion	Timor-Leste	Indonesia	Timor-Leste defeated and annexed by Indonesia
1975–ongoing	Cabinda War	Cabinda	Angola	Ongoing
1976–2005	Insurgency in Aceh	Free Aceh Movement	Indonesia	Autonomy granted to Aceh; disarmament of GAM
1976–ongoing	Corsican conflict	National Liberation Front of Corsica	France	Low-level conflict since 2014
1978–ongoing	Kurdistan Workers' Party insurgency	Kurdistan Communities Union	Turkey	Ongoing; Ceasefire signed in 2025
1979–1983	1979 Kurdish rebellion in Iran	Iranian Kurdistan	Iran	Defeat of Kurdish insurgents
1981–1991	Somaliland War of Independence	Somaliland	Somalia	De facto independence of Somaliland from Somalia
1982–ongoing	Casamance conflict	Casamance	Senegal	Low-level conflict since 2014
1983–2009	Sri Lankan civil war	Tamil Eelam	Sri Lanka	Defeat of LTTE; reestablishment of Sri Lankan government's control over entire island
1984–1995	Insurgency in Punjab	Khalistan movement	India	Insurgency suppressed
1988–2023	Nagorno-Karabakh conflict	Artsakh	Azerbaijan	De facto independence of Artsakh in 1991; disestablishment of the Republic of Artsakh in 2023; Azerbaijan takes over Nagorno-Karabakh
1988–1998	Bougainville Civil War	Bougainville	Papua New Guinea	Bougainville receives autonomy in 2002; votes in favor of independence in 2019
1989–ongoing	Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir	All Parties Hurriyat Conference	India	Ongoing
1990–1992	Transnistria War	Transnistria	Moldova	De facto independence of Transnistria from Moldova
1991	Liberation of Kuwait campaign	Kuwait	Iraq	Restoration of Kuwaiti independence from Iraqi occupation
1991–1992	South Ossetia War	South Ossetia	Georgia	De facto independence of South Ossetia from Georgia
1991–1995	Croatian War of Independence	Croatia	Yugoslavia	Independence of Croatia from Yugoslavia
1991	Ten-Day War	Slovenia	Yugoslavia	Independence of Slovenia from Yugoslavia
1992–1995	Bosnian War	Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina	FR Yugoslavia   Croatia [2]	Dayton Agreement; creation of the Bosnia and Herzegovina
1992–1993	War in Abkhazia	Abkhazia	Georgia	De facto independence of Abkhazia from Georgia
1994–2009	Chechen Wars	Chechen Republic of Ichkeria	Russia	De facto independence of Chechnya in 1991; disestablishment of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria in 2000; Chechnya as a federal subject of Russia
1998–1999	Kosovo War	Kosovo	FR Yugoslavia	Independence of Kosovo from Serbia after nine years of UN administration
2000–2005	Second Intifada	Palestine	Israel	Uprising suppressed; Israeli withdrawal from the Gaza Strip
2001–2021	Taliban insurgency	Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan	United States	Withdrawal of United States troops from Afghanistan; restoration of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan
2003–2011	Iraqi insurgency	Naqshbandi Army Mahdi Army Islamic State of Iraq	United States	Withdrawal of United States troops from Iraq; beginning of the War in Iraq of 2013–2017
2004–ongoing	South Thailand insurgency	Patani	Thailand	Ongoing
2006–ongoing	Insurgency in Bakassi	Democratic Republic of Bakassi (2006–2018) Biafra Nations League (2021–present)	Cameroon   Nigeria	Ongoing
2012	2012 Tuareg rebellion	Azawad	Mali	Unrecognized independence of Azawad in 2012; renouncement of its independence in 2013; beginning of the Mali War
2014–ongoing	Russo-Ukrainian War [a]	Ukraine	Russia	Ongoing
2017–ongoing	Anglophone Crisis	Ambazonia	Cameroon	Ongoing
2020–ongoing	Western Togoland Rebellion	Western Togoland	Ghana	Ongoing

See also

• Resistance during World War II
• Lists of active separatist movements
• List of revolutions and rebellions
• List of civil wars
• Wars of national liberation

Notes

1. Also called a "rebirth," or a war of independence from Russia by some Ukrainian sources. ^{[3] [4] [5]}

References

1. Coppa, Frank J. (2014). The Origins of the Italian Wars of Independence. Routledge. ISBN   9781138836266.
2. "ICTY: Conflict between Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia". Archived from the original on 7 January 2019. Retrieved 25 April 2015.