Netaji Express

Last updated

Netaji Express
Neta Ji Exp.jpg
Netaji Express train board.
Overview
Service type Superfast Express
Locale West Bengal, Jharkhand, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Delhi, Punjab & Haryana
First service1 July 1866;159 years ago (1866-07-01)
Current operator(s) Eastern Railway
Route
Termini Howrah (HWH)
Kalka (KLK)
Stops38 (36 upto Chandigarh)
Distance travelled1,690–1,715 km (1,050–1,066 mi)
Service frequencyDaily
Train number(s)12311 / 12312
On-board services
Class(es) AC First Class, AC 2 Tier, AC 3 Tier, Sleeper Class, Unreserved
Seating arrangementsYes
Sleeping arrangementsYes
Catering facilitiesAvailable
Observation facilitiesLarge windows
Baggage facilitiesAvailable
Other facilitiesBelow the seats
Technical
Rolling stock LHB coach
Track gauge 1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in)
Operating speed59–61 km/h (37–38 mph)
Route map
km
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267
Kalka
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Delhi–Kalka line
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252
Chandi Mandir
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253
Chandigarh
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198
Ambala Cantonment
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156
Kurukshetra
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123
Karnal
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89
Panipat
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72
Samalkha
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59
Ganaur
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43
Sonipat
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10
Adarsh Nagar
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3
Sabji Mandi
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0
Delhi Junction
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Howrah–Gaya–Delhi line
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20
Ghaziabad
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Kanpur–Delhi section
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83
Khurja
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126
Aligarh Junction
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156
Hathras Junction
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204
Tundla Junction
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221
Firozabad
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241
Shikohabad
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296
Etawah Junction
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352
Phaphund
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435
Kanpur Central
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Mughalsarai–Kanpur section
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513
Fatehpur
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630
Allahabad Junction
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719
Mirzapur
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783
Mughalsarai Junction
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Grand Chord
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837
Bhabua Road
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Gaya–Mughalsarai section
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885
Sasaram
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902
Dehri-on-Sone
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987
Gaya Junction
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Asansol–Gaya section
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1064
Koderma
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1112
Hazaribagh Road
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1139
Parasnath
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1157
Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose Gomoh
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1187
Dhanbad Junction
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Railways in Jharia Coalfield
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1245
Asansol Junction
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Bardhaman–Asansol section
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1287
Durgapur
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1351
Barddhaman Junction
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Howrah–Bardhaman chord
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1446
Howrah Junction
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Source: Google and 12312 Kalka Mail

The 12311 / 12312 Netaji Express, formerly known as the Kalka Mail, is one of the oldest continuously running trains in India, with a history spanning over 150 years. It operates between Howrah in Kolkata, the capital of West Bengal, and Kalka in Haryana via Gaya, Delhi & Chandigarh. Kalka serves as the railhead for the Kalka–Shimla Railway, a narrow-gauge line that connects to Shimla, which was the summer capital during the British Raj.

Contents

Timings

Coach Composition

The train runs with 22 LHB coach, consisting of General (GEN), Sleeper (SL), Third AC (3A), Second AC (2A) and First AC (1A) classes. It has four rakes. The primary maintenance is executed at Sorting Yard Coaching Complex, Liluah.

Legends
EOG/SLRPCMILHAHABABGKECSDGEN/UR
Generator cum luggage vanPantry car or Hot buffet carMilitary coachFirst AC (1A)Second AC (2A)First AC cum Second ACThird AC (3A)Third AC cum Second ACThird AC economy (3E)Anubhuti coach (K)Executive chair car (EC)AC Chair car (CC)Sleeper class (SL)Second seating (2S)General or Unreserved
 Loco and other service coach
 AC coach
 Non-AC coach

Coach position of 12311

Loco12345678910111213141516171819202122
BSicon LDER.svg EOGGENGENS1S2S3PCB1A1A2B3B2B3B4H1S4S5S6S7GENGENEOG

Coach position of 12312

Loco12345678910111213141516171819202122
BSicon LDER.svg EOGGENGENS7S6S5S4H1B4B3B2B1A3A2A1PCS3S2S1GENGENEOG


The first nine coaches of the Kalka bound 12311 (i.e. the EOG-GEN-GEN-S1-S2-S3-PC-B1-A1 part) comprise of the slip service to Chandigarh. They are detached from the train at Chandigarh and a seating cum luggage (SLR) coach is attached infront of A2. On the train's return journey to Howrah as 12312, these coaches are re-attached and the SLR coach is removed. This is done as the platforms at Kalka are too short to accommodate the full 22 coach rake. Passengers are advised to check the coach position indicator at the station before boarding.

Traction

The train is hauled by a Howrah Loco Shed based WAP-5 / WAP-7 electric locomotive on its entire journey.

History

In the late 1850s, the British Government in India decided to relocate their capital from Calcutta to Shimla during the summer months to protect the European population from the intense heat of the Bengal plains. To facilitate the annual migration of British officials, their families, and accompanying staff between the imperial capital at Calcutta and the summer capital in Shimla, the East Indian Railway Company inaugurated a train service on July 1, 1866. Departing from Howrah Railway Station, the service was designated as 1 UP (Up Line) / 2 DN (Down Line), known as the East Indian Railway Mail. Initially, this service operated exclusively between Howrah and Delhi. [3]

The extension of the AmbalaKalka railway line in 1891 enabled the East Indian Railway Mail to extend its route to Kalka. The subsequent opening of the Kalka – Shimla route on November 7, 1903, facilitated the further extension of the train service to Shimla, involving a gauge change at Kalka. Passengers traveling to Shimla from Kalka transitioned from a broad gauge train to a narrow gauge East Indian Railway Mail for the final leg of the journey. Notably, both Howrah and Kalka stations featured internal carriageways along the platforms to allow the Viceroy and other dignitaries to access their rail coaches directly. The carriageway at Howrah remains in use between Platforms 8 and 9, while the carriageway at Kalka has been repurposed into a platform. [4]

The revered freedom fighter Netaji Subash Chandra Bose boarded this train from Gomoh on the night of 17 January, 1941 while escaping the British Raj to Peshawar. With the rationalisation of train numbering system in the 1990s, the iconic designation 01 UP / 02 DN was discontinued. [5] On July 10, 2011 this train was involved in a derailment at Malwan station in Fatehpur district that killed 70 and injured 300. [6] Utkrisht rakes were introduced on the train on October 2, 2018, making it the first train in Indian Railways to do so. The train was renamed to Netaji Express on January 21, 2021, in honor of Netaji Subash Chandra Bose's 125th birth anniversary. [7] On July 14, 2025, the train was upgraded with modern Linke-Hoffman Busch coaches, making it the first passenger train to continue its slip service with LHB coaches. [a]

This train is featured in a short story by Satyajit Ray, the Indian film director and writer. In the story, The Mystery of the Kalka Mail (Baksho Rahasya), the three main characters travel from Calcutta to Delhi and on to Kalka on the train. The plot involves a stolen diamond and an unpublished manuscript. [8] The story was also made into a radio play and a film.

Accidents

Fatehpur derailment, 2011

15 coaches of the Kalka Mail derailed on the Kanpur-Fatehpur line near the Fatehpur railway station on the afternoon of 10 July 2011. Causation is unsolved though poor maintenance of the locomotive is suspected because the engine had begun swaying sideways just before the accident. More than 70 persons died and 300 were injured. The injured were taken to hospitals in Kanpur, Lucknow and Allahabad. [9] [10]

Notes

  1. In Indian Railways, when a train receives LHB coaches, either the slip service is permanently cancelled or the train serves both the destinations, but with a reduced frequency .

References

  1. "Howrah Kalka Netaji Superfast Express". indiarailinfo.com.
  2. "Kalka Howrah Netaji Superfast Express". indiarailinfo.com.
  3. "The Tribune - Windows - Feature".
  4. "The Tribune - Windows - Feature".
  5. "A Train Ride Through History: Kalka Mail Gets a New Name For its Role in Netaji's Great Escape". News18.
  6. indianexpress.com (12 July 2011). "Toll climbs to 70, 300 injured" . Retrieved 28 January 2014.
  7. Hindustan Times Bangla (21 January 2021). "হাওড়া–কালকা মেলের নাম পালটে 'নেতাজি এক্সপ্রেস', জেনে নিন কারণ" . Retrieved 14 July 2025.
  8. "The Feluda Films of Satyajit Ray". h2g2. Retrieved 28 January 2014.
  9. indianexpress.com (12 July 2011). "Toll climbs to 70, 300 injured" . Retrieved 28 January 2014.
  10. "Kalka Train Accident by OneIndia". OneIndia. Retrieved 28 January 2014.