Nilgiri-class frigate (P-17A)

Last updated

INS Nilgiri in Mumbai on September 28, 2019.jpg
Launch of INS Nilgiri, the first ship in the class.
Class overview
NameNilgiri-class
Builders
OperatorsNaval Ensign of India.svg  Indian Navy
Preceded by Shivalikclass
Cost
  • INR ₹4,000 crore (US$520 million) per frigate (Estimated) [1]
  • INR ₹45,000 crore (US$5.9 billion) (Total deal) [2]
Planned7
Building7
Active0
General characteristics
Type Guided-missile frigate
Displacement6,670  t (6,560 long tons)
Length149 m (488 ft 10 in)
Beam17.8 m (58 ft 5 in)
Draft5.22 m (17 ft 2 in)
Depth9.9 m (32 ft 6 in)
Installed power
Propulsion CODAG [3]
Speed32 kn (59 km/h)
Range
  • 2,500 nmi (4,600 km) at 28 kn (52 km/h)
  • 5,500 nmi (10,200 km) at 16–18 kn (30–33 km/h)
Boats & landing
craft carried		2 x RHIB
Complement150 (Including 35 officers)
Sensors and
processing systems
Electronic warfare
& decoys
Armament
Aircraft carried2 × HAL Dhruv (or) Sea King Mk. 42B helicopters
Aviation facilitiesEnclosed helicopter hangar capable of accommodating two multi-role helicopters.
NotesFirst major class of Indian-designed warships to be built using integrated modular construction. [4]

The Nilgiri-class frigates, formally classified as the Project-17 Alpha frigates (P-17A), are a series of guided-missile frigates currently being built by Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders (MDL) and Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers (GRSE), for the Indian Navy. [5] [6]

Contents

Design

Development

The frigates were designed by the Directorate of Naval Design (DND) - an internal establishment within the Indian Navy responsible for designing warships; the organization is also distinguished for having contributed to the designing of numerous Indian warships, inculding INS Vikrant - India's first indigenously-designed aircraft carrier, the Arihant-class submarines - India's first indigenously-designed nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines and the Shivalik-class frigate - India's first indigenously-designed frigates equipped with stealth technology. [7]

The class' design was finalized by the DND in 2013; it was later unveiled to the public in April 2018 - when MDL displayed a scale model of the frigate at the "DEXEXPO 2018" defense exhibition, held at Chennai, India. [8]

Features

The frigate's design incorporates a significant degree of stealth and low radar-observability - through the utility of composite materials, radar-absorbent coatings and low-observable/radar-transparent technologies; the usage of the aforementioned materials assists the vessel in maintaining a low radar cross-section (RCS). [9]

The vessel's physical profile also features a substantial level of stealth through the application of different physical forms - including an enclosed mooring deck, flush deck-mounted weapon systems and a reduced number of antennae. [10]

The frigate also maintains a low infrared signature - through the diluting of the hull's temperature emissions by the application of the Venturi effect, and a low acoustic signature - through the utility of non-cavitating propellers and specialized "acoustic enclosures" designed to reduce the acoustic emissions of the vessel's machinery. [11]

The P-17A frigates are the first major class of Indian-designed warships to be built using the methodology of integrated modular construction - a manufacturing process in which multiple modules (or "blocks") of a vessel's hull are pre-assembled/pre-outfitted independently, before being aggregated for final assembly. [12]

In December 2015, MDL contracted Fincantieri S.p.A. to provide technical assistance and essential expertise in the construction of the seven frigates using the "modular construction" methodology. [13] [14]

Comparison to the Shivalik-class frigates

The P-17A is a derivative of the Shivalik-class frigates (P-17) - a class of three, multi-mission frigates, which currently serve as the Indian Navy's mainstay frigates; both classes feature several differences, with regard to their respective designs :-

Naming

The P-17A frigates were christened after the former-Nilgiri-class frigates, which served in the Indian Navy between 1972 and 2013; the first six ships of the series were allotted the names utilized by the older class, namely - Nilgiri, Himgiri, Taragiri, Udaygiri, Dunagiri, and Vindhyagiri. [17] The seventh and final vessel of the P-17A series, which did not have a namesake from the older class, was given the new name of Mahendragiri. [18]

Instrumentation

Armament

As part of its anti-surface warfare (ASuW) capabilities, the class features eight BrahMos anti-ship cruise missiles, capable of speeds of up to Mach 3. [19] The BrahMos is widely regarded as one of the most formidable anti-ship missiles currently in service, given the missile's extreme versatility and manoeuvrability. [20]

The vessels are equipped with one OTO Melara 76 mm naval gun. Originally, the Indian Navy had planned to install the Mk 45 127 mm naval gun, manufactured by BAE; however, this plan was later scrapped in 2021 on account of financial constraints. [21]

As part of its anti-air warfare (AAW) capabilities, the class features thirty-two Barak 8ER surface-to-air-missiles, with sixteen missiles present in four "2 x 4" VLS configurations - with two placed at the bow and two placed aft. [22]

The Barak 8ER, also classified as the LR-SAM, is an "extended-range" variant of the original Barak 8 - designed to neutralize various aerial threats, including fighter aircraft, helicopters, anti-ship missiles, cruise missiles, ballistic missiles and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV); the new variant is expected to feature a range of about 150 km (93 mi). [23]

As part of its anti-submarine warfare (ASW) capabilities, the class features two triple-torpedo launchers for firing ASW torpedoes. The class also features two RBU-6000 (RPK-8) anti-submarine rocket launchers, capable of firing ASW projectiles to depths of up to 1,000 m (3,280 ft 10 in). [24]

During the class' unveiling in 2018, the frigate's design was noted to possess two anti-torpedo decoy systems and four decoy launchers - which presumably may be the NSTL Maareech torpedo-countermeasure system and the Kavach anti-missile decoy launchers, respectively. [25]

As part of its aviation facilities, the class is equipped with a flight-deck and an enclosed aviation hangar, capable of accommodating a single naval helicopter - most likely the ALH Dhruv MK-III maritime-reconnaissance helicopters, or the Westland Sea King Mk. 42B ASW/ASuW helicopters - both of which are operated by the Indian Naval Air Arm. [26]

Sensors

The class features the EL/M-2248 MF-STAR active electronically scanned array (AESA) radar as its primary radar suite. [27] The EL/M-2248 is a multi-function, phased-array radar system featuring an azimuth of 360o, with the capability to track both aerial and surface targets - at a range of over 450 km (280 mi). [28]

The class also features the Indra LTR-25 'Lanza' surface-search radar - as its secondary radar suite. [29] The LTR-25 is a solid-state, three-dimensional (3D), long-range radar capable of operating in a dense electronic environment and features a range of over 250  nmi (460 km; 290 mi), with the capability to track various aerial targets - including fighter aircraft and ballistic missiles. [30]

The frigates are also equipped with an advanced combat management system - "CMS-17A", equipped with sophisticated data links for higher interoperability among other vessels. [31]

The class is equipped with the BEL HUMSA-NG sonar, developed by the DRDO. The HUMSA-NG is a hull mounted "active cum passive" integrated sonar system capable of detecting, localizing, classifying and tracking sub-surface targets in both active and passive modes. [32]

The frigates feature the "Shakti" electronic warfare (EW) suite - developed by the Defence Electronics Research Laboratory (DLRL), for defense against anti-ship missiles and for the interception, detection, classification, identification and jamming of conventional radars. [33] "Shakti" is equipped with wide-band electronic-support measures (ESM), electronic countermeasures (ECM), an integrated "Radar Finger Printing System (RFPS)" and a data-recording replay feature for "post-mission analysis". [34] [35]

Propulsion

Each frigate features two General Electric LM2500 gas turbines - manufactured by GE Aviation and two MAN 12V28/33D STC four-stroke engines - manufactured by MAN Diesel & Turbo - in a combined diesel and gas (CODAG) propulsion configuration. [36]

In December 2016, the Indian Navy contracted GE Aviation to supply fourteen LM2500 gas turbines for the seven frigates - which were license-assembled in India by the Industrial & Marine Gas Turbine Division (IMGT) of Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL). [37] Under the deal, HAL was additionally sanctioned to provide comprehensive services - including the supply of spare parts, maintenance inspections and equipment overhauls. [38]

At the time of the order, HAL had already delivered eleven LM2500 turbines to the Indian Navy; the turbines are specifically used on multiple Indian warships - most notably on the Shivalik-class frigates. [39]

In February 2019, MDL contracted GE to supply an assortment of auxiliary equipment to the Indian Navy to support the fourteen engines; under the agreement, GE also handled the design work of the frigate's auxiliary system and its fuel supply system. [40]

In May 2016, the Indian Navy contracted MAN Diesel & Turbo to supply fourteen MAN 12V28/33D STC four-stroke engines for the seven frigates; under the deal, the requisite parts needed for the engines were sourced from India, while the engines' final assembly and testing were conducted at MAN's facility in Aurangabad, India. [41]

History

Background

In June 2009, the Defence Acquisition Council (DAC) - the main acquisition panel subordinate to India's Ministry of Defence (MoD), cleared a proposal for the procurement of seven stealth frigates at a cost of ₹45,000 crore – classified as "Project 17A” - on the lines of the Indian Navy’s initiative of establishing a 160-ship fleet. [42]

In September 2012, the Cabinet Committee on Security (CCS) - India’s top decision-making institution on matters related to defense and national security, green-lighted the proposal for the "development cum construction" of the seven frigates. [43] Initially, the Indian Navy favoured a proposal of building the first two frigates at a foreign shipyard – seeking to minimize the project’s overall construction timeline; however, this suggestion was overruled by India’s Ministry of Defence (MoD) – which favoured indigenous production of the frigates. [44]

The seven frigates were envisioned as a “follow-on series” to the Shivalik-class frigates (Project 17), which were also being built for the Indian Navy at the time, but equipped with more sophisticated capabilities. [45] The designing-process of the seven frigates was completed in mid-2013. [46] The project – consisting of the construction of the seven designated frigates over a span of five years - was formally approved by the CCS in February 2015. [47]

Construction

The seven frigates are to be jointly constructed by two public-sector shipyards, namely – Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited (MDL) and Garden Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers (GRSE) – with four of the frigates allotted to MDL and the remaining three allotted to GRSE. [48]

In February 2015, the Indian Navy contracted Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers (GRSE) – a Kolkata-based public-sector shipyard, to build three P-17A frigates at an estimated cost of ₹19,294 crore. [49] According to the terms of the contract, GRSE is slated to deliver the three frigates in 2023, 2024 and 2025, respectively. In preparation for the order, GRSE re-augmented its infrastructure by establishing newer “modular” shipyards along with a "Goliath" gantry crane – meant for enabling the “modular construction” of the frigates in a short time frame. [50]

A significant proportion of the hull’s “blocks” needed for the vessel’s construction was procured from smaller shipyards and metal fabrication shops in and around Kolkata, while the construction/fabrication of additional infrastructure was done at GRSE’s Rajabagan shipyard. [51]

The construction of the first frigate began in November 2018, while work on the second and third frigates began in January 2020 and March 2021, respectively. [52] The first of the three frigates, Himgiri, was launched on 14 December 2020 – with its delivery slated for August 2023. [53]

In February 2015, the Indian Navy contracted Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited (MDL) – a Mumbai-based public-sector shipyard, to build four P-17A frigates at an estimated cost of over ₹21,000 crore. [54] [55] According to the terms of the contract, MDL is to deliver the four frigates in 2022, 2023, 2024 and 2025, respectively. [56]

The four frigates were built at different locations, namely - at MDL's main shipbuilding facility in Mumbai, at MDL's subordinate facility in Nhava, at a smaller shipbuilding facility also operated by MDL in Mumbai, at an MSE shipyard in Gujarat and at another shipyard in Goa. [57] Similarly to GRSE, MDL also upgraded its existing infrastructure; the shipyard augmenting its existing facilities with newer equipment, including a "Goliath" gantry crane, a module workshop, a wet basin and a "cradle assembly" shop - meant to facilitate modular construction. [58]

The construction of the first frigate began in December 2017, while work on the second, third and fourth frigates began in May 2019, September 2020 and January 2020, respectively. [59] [60] The first of the four frigates, Nilgiri, was launched on 28 September 2019 – with its delivery slated for August 2022. [61]

Ships in the class

NamePennantYard NumberBuilderLaid DownLaunchedCommissioningStatus
Nilgiri 12651 Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited (MDL)28 December 2017 [62] 28 September 2019 [63] August 2022 (expected)Launched [64]
126527 May 2019 [65] February 2023 (expected)Under construction [66]
Udyagiri [67] 1265310 September 2020 [68] February 2024 (expected)Under construction [69]
1265422 January 2020 [70] February 2025 (expected)Under construction [71]
Himgiri 3022 Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers (GRSE)10 November 2018 [72] 14 December 2020 [73] August 2023 (expected)Launched [74]
302324 January 2020 [75] July 2022 (expected) [76] August 2024 (expected)Under construction
30245 March 2021 [77] August 2025 (expected)Under construction

See also

Frigates of comparable configurations and capabilities

Other references to the Indian Navy

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  71. ↑ "SP's Naval Force Roundup". SP's Naval Force. India: SP Guide Publication. Retrieved 1 March 2020.
  72. ↑ Dominguez, Gabriel (14 November 2018). "GRSE lays keel for Indian Navy's second Project 17A frigate". IHS Jane's Defence Weekly. Archived from the original on 14 November 2018.
  73. ↑ "LAUNCH OF 2nd PROJECT 17A SHIP 'HIMGIRI'". PIB. 14 December 2020.
  74. ↑ "India launches 2nd Project 17A frigate "Himgiri"". navalpost.com. 15 December 2020.
  75. ↑ "Project 17A: GRSE starts building 2nd Advanced Stealth Frigate". psuwatch.com. 24 January 2020.
  76. ↑ "Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers - Q4FY21 - ICICI Securities". GRSE. Retrieved 5 June 2021.
  77. ↑ @OfficialGRSE (5 March 2021). "Garden Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers Limited (GRSE) achieved a major milestone with 'laying of the Keel' of Yard 3024 a ship of the Advanced Stealth Frigate Project, P 17A" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
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