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Sichuan is a province in Southwestern China, occupying the Sichuan Basin and Tibetan Plateau—between the Jinsha River to the west, the Daba Mountains to the north, and the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau to the south. Its capital city is Chengdu, and its population stands at 83 million. Sichuan neighbors Qinghai and Gansu to the north, Shaanxi and Chongqing to the east, Guizhou and Yunnan to the south, and Tibet to the west.
Qiao Zong was a Han Chinese military leader in present-day Sichuan province in China during the Eastern Jin Dynasty. He proclaimed himself the Prince of Chengdu in 405 and was given the title "Prince of Shu" by Yao Xing, ruler of the Later Qin, in 409. His state of Shu is known in historiography as Qiao Shu or Western Shu. His self-governing body coordinated offensive campaigns with Later Qin along the Yangtze River until Qiao's state was destroyed by a campaign under military subordinates of Liu Yu in 413.
Shu, referred to as Later Shu and Meng Shu in historiography, was a dynastic state of China and one of the Ten Kingdoms during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. It was located in present-day Sichuan with its capital in Chengdu and lasted from 934 to 965.
Shu, also known as Ancient Shu in historiography, was an ancient kingdom in what is now Sichuan Province. It was based on the Chengdu Plain, in the western Sichuan basin with some extension northeast to the upper Han River valley. To the east was the Ba tribal confederation. Further east down the Han and Yangtze rivers was the State of Chu. To the north over the Qinling Mountains was the State of Qin. To the west and south were tribal peoples of little military power.
Sichuan Chengdu Shishi High School (四川省成都市石室中学), also known as Sichuan Chengdu No. 4 High School (四川省成都市第四中学), is a public secondary school in Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Sichuanese, also called Sichuanese Mandarin, is a branch of Southwestern Mandarin spoken mainly in Sichuan and Chongqing, which was part of Sichuan Province until 1997, and the adjacent regions of their neighboring provinces, such as Hubei, Guizhou, Yunnan, Hunan and Shaanxi. Although "Sichuanese" is often synonymous with the Chengdu-Chongqing dialect, there is still a great amount of diversity among the Sichuanese dialects, some of which are mutually unintelligible with each other. In addition, because Sichuanese is the lingua franca in Sichuan, Chongqing and part of Tibet, it is also used by many Tibetan, Yi, Qiang and other ethnic minority groups as a second language.
Chang Qu (291–361), courtesy name Daojiang, was a Chinese historian of the Cheng-Han dynasty during the Sixteen Kingdoms period and the Jin dynasty (266–420). Chang Qu is best known for his magnum opus, the Chronicles of Huayang or Records of the States South of Mount Hua that he compiled between 348 and 354, the oldest extant regional history of China about his native region of Yizhou, or the modern-day Sichuan province.
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Gospel Church is a Protestant church building situated on Jiefang Street in Fucheng District, Mianyang. It was first built in 1895, or 1885 according to Annals of Religion in Mianyang, by Alfred Arthur Phillips and Gertrude Emma Wells, missionaries of the Church Missionary Society (CMS) under the jurisdiction of the Church of England. The church has been subjected to the control of the communist-established 'Three-Self Patriotic Church' since 1954. It was rebuilt in 1995.
Gospel Church is a Protestant church situated on Dabei Upper Street, in the county-level city of Guanghan, Deyang, Sichuan Province. Founded in 1902, it was formerly an Anglican church in the West Szechwan Diocese of the Church in China. It has been subjected to the control of the state-sanctioned Three-Self Patriotic Church since 1954. In 2003, a new church was built on Shuyuan Street, and renamed Grace Church.
An Account of the Entry of the Catholic Religion into Sichuan, also referred to as Mission to Sichuan, is a 1918 history book edited by Paris Foreign Missions Society missionary François-Marie-Joseph Gourdon in Chinese, and published by the Imprimerie de la Sainte-Famille in the city of Chongqing, with the approval of Célestin Chouvellon, Apostolic Vicar of Eastern Szechwan.
The exact date of the entry of the Syriac Church of the East into modern-day Sichuan province is not clear, but probably occurred in the 7th century not long after the arrival of Alopen in the Tang capital Chang'an in 635. The provincial capital Chengdu is the only inland city in the southwest where a Christian presence can be confirmed in the time of the Tang dynasty (618–907). Two monasteries have also been located in Chengdu and Mount Omei. David Crockett Graham noted that Marco Polo found East Syriac monasteries in Sichuan and Yunnan in the 13th century.
Sï-Shen-Tsï Methodist Church, also called Enguang Church, is a Protestant church situated on Sishengci North Street in the city of Chengdu, Sichuan Province. It is the first church in Chengdu built by the Canadian Methodist Mission. It has been subjected to the control of the state-sanctioned Three-Self Patriotic Church since 1954.
The Cathedral of the Angels is the Roman Catholic cathedral of the Diocese of Ningyuan, situated on Sanya Street, Xichang, capital of Nosu-inhabited Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture in southwestern Sichuan. It has been subjected to the control of the state-sanctioned Chinese Catholic Patriotic Association since 1957.
Zoroastrianism in Sichuan refers to the historical presence of Zoroastrianism in modern-day Sichuan province, that forms part of southwestern China. The Japanese professor Kiichirō Kanda was the first scholar to notice the Zoroastrian presence in medieval Sichuan, or Yizhou as it was officially known from late antiquity to the Early Middle Ages, but commonly referred to as Shu, after the realm's first polity, the ancient kingdom of Shu. He believed that Zoroastrianism was popular in the region during the Tang dynasty (618–907), after learning of the festival songs of the magi present in the yuefu folk music of Kuizhou, and reading an entry titled "The Princess [of Shu]" from the 16th-century encyclopedia Extended Investigations of the Mountain Hall, in 1928. Fifty years later, the Hong Kong scholar Jao Tsung-I confirmed the existence of Zoroastrian temples in Sichuan during the Song dynasty (960–1279) in his article "Investigation of the Festival Songs of the Magi". Contemporary scholars such as Li Guotao and Hou Hui have researched the links between certain Zoroastrian deities and Erlang Shen, otherwise known as the Lord of Sichuan; as well as Yao Chongxin's more comprehensive research on the topic.
References
Citations
- ↑ Wongso 2006, p. 216.
- 1 2 3 Enoki 1947, p. 247.
- ↑ Enoki 1947, p. 257.
- ↑ Wu 1843.
- ↑ Cao 1778.
- ↑ Duan 1993, p. 59.
- ↑ Owen, Kroll & Warner 2016, pp. 43–45.
- 1 2 3 Owen, Kroll & Warner 2016, p. 43.
- ↑ Duan 1993, p. 60.
- ↑ Enoki 1947.
- ↑ Enoki 1947, p. 250.
- ↑ Enoki 1947, p. 251.
- ↑ Enoki 1947, p. 249.
- ↑ Lin 2024.
Sources
- Cao, Xuequan (1778). 蜀中廣記卷二 [A Detailed Account of the Shu Province, Volume 2] (in Traditional Chinese).
- Duan, Yuming (1993). "云南景教考" [A Study on East Syriac Christianity in Yunnan](PDF). Journal of Yunnan Nationalities University (Social Sciences Edition) (in Simplified Chinese): 58–63.
- Enoki, Kazuo (October 25, 1947). "成都の石筍と大秦寺" [Bamboo-shoot-like Menhir in Chêng-tu and Nestorian Church](PDF). Journal of the Research Department of the Toyo Bunko (in Japanese). 31 (2): 247–261.
- Lin, Ganqiu (October 3, 2024). "瑟瑟" [Green Gems Known as Sese]. Chengdu Daily (in Simplified Chinese). Chengdu.
- Owen, Stephen; Kroll, Paul W.; Warner, Ding Xiang, eds. (2016). The Poetry of Du Fu, Volume 3 (PDF). Translated by Owen, Stephen. Berlin: De Gruyter. ISBN 978-1-61451-712-2.
- Wongso, Peter (May 1, 2006). 認識基督教史略: 二千年教會史簡介 [A Concise Illustration to History of Christianity] (in Traditional Chinese). Hong Kong: Golden Lampstand Publishing Society. ISBN 9789627597469.
- Wu, Zeng (1843). 能改齋漫錄：十八卷 [Loose Records from the Studio of Possible Change, Volume 18] (in Traditional Chinese).
Cultural area of Christian traditions that developed since Early Christianity in the Middle East, Eastern Europe, North and East Africa, Asia Minor, South India, and parts of the Far East. | ||||||||
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| West Syriac, legacy of the Church of Antioch |
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| East Syriac, legacy of the Church of the East (the "Nestorian Church") (410–1552) |
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| Saint Thomas Christians, legacy of the Malankara Church (active 1st century–1601) in Kerala, India |
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| Tang dynasty |
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