Safety curtain

Last updated
Safety curtain of St Martin's Theatre in London. London-St Martin's Theatre-Safety curtain.jpg
Safety curtain of St Martin's Theatre in London.
The lever and weights used to operate a fire curtain as seen from a theatre's backstage The lever and weights used to operate the fire curtain (or safety curtain) in a theatre.jpg
The lever and weights used to operate a fire curtain as seen from a theatre's backstage

A safety curtain (or fire curtain in America) is a passive fire protection feature used in large proscenium theatres. It is usually a heavy fabric curtain located immediately behind the proscenium arch. Asbestos-based materials were originally used to manufacture the curtain, before the dangers of asbestos were widely known. The safety curtain is sometimes referred to as an iron curtain (or iron) in British theatres, regardless of the actual construction material.

Contents

Occupational safety and health regulations state that the safety curtain must be able to resist fire for a short time to delay fires starting on stage from spreading to the auditorium and the rest of the theatre, to provide additional exiting time for audience members and members of staff.

The curtain is heavy and requires its own dedicated operating mechanisms. In an emergency, the stage manager can usually pull a lever backstage which will cause the curtain to fall rapidly into position. Alternatively, heat-sensitive components can be built into the rigging to automatically close the curtain in case of fire. It may be released electronically with the activation of the building's fire alarm system. It can also be flown in and out, as regulations in some jurisdictions state that it must be shown to the audience, to prove its effective operation, for a certain amount of time during every performance.[ citation needed ]

A safety curtain is required per United States building codes if the proscenium wall is required to be fire rated. [1] The curtain is required to demonstrate a fire rating of approximately 30 min per testing. [2]

In the UK, it is a requirement that a safety curtain must be fully down within the proscenium opening within 30 seconds of being released. [3]

In 1794 the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane became the first theatre to install an iron safety curtain. [4] Several other serious fires, notably that at the Theatre Royal, Exeter in 1887, led to the introduction of safety curtains on a wider scale. However, Edinburgh's Royal Lyceum Theatre, built in 1883, has also been described as the "[first] theatre in Britain to be fitted with an iron safety curtain". [5] [6]

The ornately decorated safety curtain of the Vienna State Opera House. Wien Staatsoper Innenansicht.jpg
The ornately decorated safety curtain of the Vienna State Opera House.

A very early example of a safety curtain installation in the United States was at the New Fifth Avenue Theatre (New York City) which opened in 1873. [7] Chicago's 1903 Iroquois Theatre fire resulted in over 600 deaths when the theater's safety curtain got stuck midway down, along with other structural deficiencies in the building. [8]

The safety curtain can be combined with other safety devices, such as:

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Proscenium</span> Theatre feature

A proscenium is the metaphorical vertical plane of space in a theatre, usually surrounded on the top and sides by a physical proscenium arch and on the bottom by the stage floor itself, which serves as the frame into which the audience observes from a more or less unified angle the events taking place upon the stage during a theatrical performance. The concept of the fourth wall of the theatre stage space that faces the audience is essentially the same.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Iroquois Theatre fire</span> 1903 building fire in Chicago, Illinois

The Iroquois Theatre fire was a catastrophic building fire in Chicago, Illinois, that broke out on December 30, 1903 during a performance attended by 1,700 people. The fire caused 602 deaths and 250 non-fatal injuries. It ranks as the worst theater fire in the United States, surpassing the carnage of the Brooklyn Theatre fire of 1876, which claimed at least 278 lives.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Auditorium</span> A room built to enable an audience to hear and watch performances

An auditorium is a room built to enable an audience to hear and watch performances. For movie theatres, the number of auditoria is expressed as the number of screens. Auditoria can be found in entertainment venues, community halls, and theaters, and may be used for rehearsal, presentation, performing arts productions, or as a learning space.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Curtain</span> Cloth or other material used to block out light

A curtain is a piece of cloth or other material intended to block or obscure light, air drafts, or water. A curtain is also the movable screen or drape in a theatre that separates the stage from the auditorium or that serves as a backdrop/background.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Stage (theatre)</span> Designated space for the performance of productions

In theatre and performing arts, the stage is a designated space for the performance of productions. The stage serves as a space for actors or performers and a focal point for the audience. As an architectural feature, the stage may consist of a platform or series of platforms. In some cases, these may be temporary or adjustable but in theaters and other buildings devoted to such productions, the stage is often a permanent feature.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Theater (structure)</span> Performing arts venue (building)

A theater, or playhouse, is a structure where theatrical works, performing arts, and musical concerts are presented. The theater building serves to define the performance and audience spaces. The facility usually is organized to provide support areas for performers, the technical crew and the audience members, as well as the stage where the performance takes place.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Empire Theatre, Toowoomba</span> Historic site in Queensland, Australia

The Empire Theatre is a heritage-listed theatre at 56 & 56A Neil Street, Toowoomba, Toowoomba Region, Queensland, Australia. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 31 May 1994.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Catwalk (theater)</span> Elevated service platform

A catwalk is an elevated service platform from which many of the technical functions of a theater, such as lighting and sound, may be manipulated.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Grand Théâtre de Genève</span> Opera house in Geneva, Switzerland

Grand Théâtre de Genève is an opera house in Geneva, Switzerland.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Theater drapes and stage curtains</span> Large piece of cloth designed to mask backstage areas of a theater from spectators

Theater drapes and stage curtains are large pieces of cloth that are designed to mask backstage areas of a theater from spectators. They are designed for a variety of specific purposes, moving in different ways and constructed from various fabrics. Many are made from black or other darkly colored, light-absorbing material. Theater drapes represent a portion of any production's soft goods, a category comprising any non-wardrobe, cloth-based element of the stage or scenery. Theater curtains are often pocketed at the bottom to hold weighty chain or to accept pipes to remove their fullness and stretch them tight.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Grimsby Auditorium</span> Theatre in North East Lincolnshire, England

Grimsby Auditorium is a theatre situated on Cromwell Road, in Grimsby, North East Lincolnshire. With a seated audience capacity of 1,200 the Grimsby Auditorium is the largest professional theatre in Lincolnshire, and one of the larger theatres in the East of England. Built in 1995, it is today managed by Lincs Inspire on behalf of its owners North East Lincolnshire Council.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Royal Whanganui Opera House</span> Theatre in Whanganui, New Zealand

The Royal Whanganui Opera House is a theatre located in Whanganui, New Zealand. Built in 1899, it is New Zealand's last Victorian theatre. Located on St Hill Street in central Whanganui, the theatre seats 830 and is a venue for many local, national and international events.

There are different types of theatres, but they all have three major parts in common. Theatres are divided into two main sections, the house and the stage; there is also a backstage area in many theatres. The house is the seating area for guests watching a performance and the stage is where the actual performance is given. The backstage area is usually restricted to people who are producing or in the performance.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Front curtain</span> Stage curtain(s) at the very front of a theatrical stage

A front curtain, also known as a (front-of-)house curtain, act curtain, grand drape, main curtain or drape, proscenium curtain, or main rag is the stage curtain or curtains at the very front of a theatrical stage, separating it from the house.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ashcroft Theatre</span>

The Ashcroft Theatre is a theatre located within the Fairfield Halls, Croydon, South London. The theatre was named after Croydon-born Dame Peggy Ashcroft and is a proscenium theatre with a stepped auditorium. The mural on its fire curtain is by the artist Henry Bird. A variety of productions are held throughout the year such as drama, ballet, opera and pantomime. The venue has a seating capacity of 763 and can be converted into a cinema as it has a large screen giving full Cinemascope and standard film format.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Brooklyn Theatre fire</span> 1876 fire in Brooklyn, New York

The Brooklyn Theatre fire was a catastrophic theatre fire that broke out on the evening of December 5, 1876, in the city of Brooklyn. The fire took place at the Brooklyn Theatre, near the corner of Washington and Johnson streets, with over 1,000 guests attending. The conflagration killed at least 278 individuals, with some accounts reporting more than 300 dead. 103 unidentified victims were interred in a common grave at Green-Wood Cemetery, marked by an obelisk, while more than two dozen identified victims were interred individually in separate sections at the Cemetery of the Evergreens in Brooklyn.

Zetex fabrics were invented by Bal Dixit in 1978. This highly texturized fiberglass fabric exhibits many of the same properties as asbestos, such as resistance to heat, corrosion and rot resistance, outstanding electrical properties, ability to withstand molten metal, and thermal insulation. However, it does not carry the same health risks.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">New Theatre Royal</span> Theatre in Portsmouth, England

The New Theatre Royal is a Victorian Grade II* listed theatre in the heart of Portsmouth, England, with a capacity of 648. The theatre building was constructed in 1854 as Landport Hall. It was converted to a theatre two years later. It was rebuilt in 1884 by Charles J. Phipps and again in 1900 by Frank Matcham.

In New York City during the early 20th Century, regulations were enacted which required uniformed fire department officers to be permanent attendees of every theatrical production. These Theatre Detail Officers were required to be in the theatre a half-hour before the performance, test the fire alarms, inspect fire wall doors and the fire curtain, and, during performances, ensure that aisles, passageways and fire exits remain clear and accessible.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Exeter Theatre Royal fire</span> 1887 fire and crowd crush in Exeter, England

On 5 September 1887, a fire broke out in the backstage area of the Theatre Royal in Exeter, England, during the production of The Romany Rye. The fire caused panic throughout the theatre, with 186 people dying from a combination of the direct effects of smoke and flame, crushing and trampling, and trauma injuries from falling or jumping from the roof and balconies.

References

  1. 2021 International Building Code, 410.2.5
  2. NFPA 80 Standard for Fire Doors and Other Opening Protectives, 2.1.14
  3. BS 9999. BSI Standards Publication. 2017. p. 303. ISBN   978 0 580 97716 9.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  4. "History of theatres: Eighteenth-century theatre". The Theatres Trust. Retrieved April 22, 2017.
  5. Bruce., Peter (1999). Scotlandʼs splendid theatres : architecture and social history from the Reformation to the present day. Polygon. ISBN   0-7486-6261-8. OCLC   44184624.
  6. "GRINDLAY STREET, ROYAL LYCEUM THEATRE (LB30031)". portal.historicenvironment.scot. Retrieved 2021-06-07.
  7. "A NEW THEATRE.: Mr. Daly's Twenty-eighth Street Enterprise". New York Times. 16 November 1873.
  8. "Nineteen Chicago Theatres Closed, Iroquois Theatre Employee Charged with Manslaughter". New York Times. 2 January 1904.