Timeline of Indianapolis

Last updated

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Indianapolis, Indiana, United States.

Contents

19th century

1800s–1840s

1850s–1890s

20th century

1900s–1940s

1950s

1960s

1970s

1980s

1990s

21st century

2000s

2010s

2020s

Images

See also

Notes

  1. A. C. Howard (1857). A. C. Howard's Directory for the City of Indianapolis: Containing a Correct List of Citizens' Names, Their Residence and Place of Business, with a Historical Sketch of Indianapolis from its Earliest History to the Present Day. Indianapolis: A. C. Howard. p. 3.
  2. Howard, p. 2.
  3. M. Teresa Baer (2012). Indianapolis: A City of Immigrants (PDF). Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Society. p. 56. ISBN   978-0-87195-299-8.
  4. Howard, p. 1.
  5. Howard, p. 4.
  6. Jacob Piatt Dunn (1910). Greater Indianapolis: The History, the Industries, the Institutions, and the People of a City of Homes. Vol. I. Chicago: The Lewis Publishing Company. p. 26.
  7. William A. Browne Jr. (Summer 2013). "The Ralston Plan: Naming the Streets of Indianapolis". Traces of Indiana and Midwestern History. 25 (3). Indianapolis, Ind.: Indiana Historical Society: 8.
  8. Ignatius Brown (1868). Logan's History of Indianapolis from 1818. Indianapolis: Logan and Company. p.  4.
  9. Berry R. Sulgrove (1884). History of Indianapolis and Marion County Indiana. Philadelphia: L. H. Everts and Company. p.  30.
  10. Dunn, Greater Indianapolis, p. 31–32.
  11. Dunn, Greater Indianapolis, p. 90–91.
  12. Doublas A. Wissing (2013). Crown Hill: History, Spirit, and Sanctuary. Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Society Press. p. 2. ISBN   9780871953018.
  13. David J. Bodenhamer and Robert G. Barrows, ed. (1994). The Encyclopedia of Indianapolis. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press. p. 1479. ISBN   0-253-31222-1.
  14. Geib, Indianapolis, p. 180, and Bodenhamer and Barrows, eds., p. 230.
  15. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "US Newspaper Directory". Chronicling America. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress. Retrieved October 7, 2012.
  16. Howard, p. 15.
  17. Howard, p. 13.
  18. Howard, p. 14.
  19. Max R. Hyman, ed. (1902). The Journal Handbook of Indianapolis: An Outline History. Indianapolis, Ind.: The Indianapolis Journal Newspaper Company. p.  10.
  20. Brown, p. 8–10.
  21. W. R. Holloway (1870). Indianapolis: A Historical and Statistical Sketch of the Railroad City, A Chronicle of its Social, Municipal, Commercial and Manufacturing Progress with Full Statistical Tables. Indianapolis, Ind.: Indianapolis Journal. p.  20.
  22. Hyman, The Journal Handbook of Indianapolis, p. 80.
  23. Dunn, Greater Indianapolis, p. 86, 59394; Sulgrove, p. 52, 399, and 402; and Brown, p. 14.
  24. Daniel F. Evans (1996). At Home in Indiana for One Hundred and Seventy-Five Years, 1821–1996. Indianapolis: Guild Press of Indiana. pp.  27, 38–39, and 63. ISBN   1878208799.
  25. Alvah C. Waggoner (1947). One Hundred Twenty-Five Years: Issued on the Occasion of the Celebration of the One Hundred Twenty Fifth Anniversary of the Organization of the First Baptist Church of Indianapolis. Indianapolis, Ind.: First Baptist Church. pp. 8–10.
  26. Harold R. Hoffman (1966). A Light in the Forest: A History of the First Baptist Church of Indianapolis, Indiana, 1822–2003. Carmel, Ind.: UN Communications. pp. 17–20 and 79–80.
  27. Holloway, p. 21617.
  28. Dunn, Greater Indianapolis, p. 86, 567 and 571; Brown, p. 82; Esarey, v. III, p. 154; and Sulgrove, p. 38991.
  29. 1 2 3 4 David G. Vanderstel; Robert Cole; Michelle Hale (1998). Faith and Community: A Historic Walking Tour. Indianapolis: The Polis Center at Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis.
  30. Esarey, p. 129, and Bodenhamer and Barrows, eds., p. 741
  31. 1 2 John W. Miller (1982). Indiana Newspaper Bibliography: Historical Accounts of All Indiana Newspapers Published from 1804 to 1980 and Locational Information for All Available Copies, Both Original and Microfilm. Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Society. p. 274.
  32. Sulgrove, p. 53.
  33. Dunn, Greater Indianapolis, p. 545.
  34. Historical Committee; Indiana Centennial Celebration Committee (1920). Centennial History of Indianapolis: An Outline History. Indianapolis, Ind.: Max R. Hyman. p. 26.
  35. Rev. James Greene (1878). Manual of the First Presbyterian Church of Indianapolis, together with a history of the same, from its organization in July, 1823, to November 12, 1876. Indianapolis, Ind.: John G. Doughty. p.  5.
  36. Centennial Memorial, First Presbyterian Church, Indianapolis, Indiana: A Record of the Anniversary Services, June Tenth to Seventeenth, 1923, Celebrating the One Hundredth Anniversary of the Founding of the First Presbyterian Church, Together with Historical Materials, Session Records, Sermons, Addresses and Correspondence Relating to its Life and Work during the Century. Greenfield, Ind.: William Mitchell Printing Co. 1925. p. 179.
  37. Historical Sketches of Eight-Eight Churches. Indianapolis, Ind.: The History Committee, Whitewater Valley Presbytery. 1976. pp. 82–83.
  38. Dunn, Greater Indianapolis, p. 90–91, 575, and 580.
  39. Sulgrove, p. 394.
  40. 1 2 Howard, p. 26.
  41. Brown, p. 13.
  42. Brown, p. 19.
  43. Holloway, p. 263, and Bodenhamer and Barrows, eds., p. 967.
  44. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Indianapolis City Directory for 1888. Indianapolis: R.L. Polk & Co. 1888.
  45. Dunn, Greater Indianapolis, p. 62.
  46. Hester Ann Hale (1987). Indianapolis, The First Century. Indianapolis, Ind.: Marion County Historical Society. p. 13.
  47. S. L. Berry (2011). Stacks: A History of the Indianapolis-Marion County Public Library. Indianapolis, Ind.: Indianapolis Marion County Public Library Foundation. p. 8. ISBN   9780615445021.
  48. Dunn, Greater Indianapolis, p. 96.
  49. Historical Committee, Indiana Centennial Celebration Committee, p. 39.
  50. Brown, p. 16.
  51. Sulgrove, p. 26.
  52. Hale, p. 14–15
  53. Brown, p. 20
  54. Dunn, Greater Indianapolis, p. 48.
  55. Hale, p. 16.
  56. W. R. Holloway (1870), Indianapolis: A historical and statistical sketch of the railroad city, Indianapolis: Indianapolis Journal Print., OCLC   2486218, OL   7229155M
  57. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Bodenhamer and Barrows, p. 1480.
  58. 1 2 3 Brown, p. 23.
  59. Bodenhamer and Barrows, p. 739.
  60. Dunn, Greater Indianapolis, p. 121.
  61. Edward A. Leary (1971). Indianapolis: The Story of a City . Indianapolis, Ind.: Bobbs-Merrill. p.  35.
  62. Esarey, Logan; Milner Rabb, Kate; Herschell, William, eds. (1924). History of Indiana From Its Exploration to 1922; Also An Account of Indianapolis and Marion County. Vol. III (2nd ed.). Dayton, Ohio: Dayton Historical Publishing Company. pp. 42–43 and 201.
  63. Esarey, p. 201.
  64. Esarey, p. 45 and 47.
  65. 1 2 Hyman, The Journal Handbook of Indianapolis, p. 22.
  66. Brown, p. 27.
  67. Sulgrove, p. 110.
  68. 1 2 3 4 The History of Nine Urban Churches. Indianapolis, Ind.: The Riley-Lockerbie Ministerial Association of Downtown Indianapolis.
  69. 125 Significant Years: The Story of Central Christian Church (Disciples of Christ), Indianapolis, Indiana, 18331958. Indianapolis: Central Christian Church. 1958. p. 14.
  70. 1 2 Brown, p. 31.
  71. Brown, p. 45; Sulgrove, p. 385; and Holloway, p. 261.
  72. Douglas A. Wissing; Marianne Tobias; Rebecca W. Dolan; Anne Ryder (2013). Crown Hill: History, Spirit, and Sanctuary. Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Society Press. p. 2. ISBN   9780871953018.
  73. The Indiana State Capitol Building: A Centennial Restoration, 1888–1988. Indianapolis: State of Indiana. 1988. p. 3.
  74. 1 2 Esarey, p. 194.
  75. Hale, p. 16 and 41.
  76. Sulgrove, p. 117.
  77. Brown, p. 34; Sulgrove, p. 106; and Bodenhamer and Barrows, eds., p. 921.
  78. Indianapolis, A Walk Through Time: A Self-Guided Tour of Historic Sites in the Mile Square Area. Indianapolis, Ind.: Marion County-Indianapolis Historical Society. 1996. p. 13.
  79. Hale, p. 21.
  80. Esarey, p. 61.
  81. Dunn, Greater Indianapolis, p. 360.
  82. Dunn, Greater Indianapolis, p. 115–16.
  83. Dunn, Greater Indianapolis, p. 603.
  84. Baer, p. 11.
  85. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Indianapolis illustrated, Indianapolis, Ind: Consolidated Publishing Co., 1893, OL   22883340M
  86. Sulgrove, p. 120.
  87. Holloway, p. 243.
  88. William F. Stineman & Jack W. Porter (1986). Saint John the Evangelist Church: A Photographic Essay of the Oldest Catholic Church in Indianapolis and Marion County. Indianapolis: Saint John the Evangelist Church. p. 33. ISBN   0961613408.
  89. 1 2 Brown, p. 40.
  90. 1 2 Historical Committee, Indiana Centennial Celebration Committee, p. 30.
  91. George W. Geib (1987). Lives Touched by Faith: Second Presbyterian Church, 150 Years. Indianapolis, Ind.: Mallory Lithography, Inc. pp. 135, 140, and 143. ISBN   0961935103.
  92. Hyman, The Journal Handbook of Indianapolis, p. 19.
  93. Dunn, Greater Indianapolis, p. 593.
  94. Dunn, Greater Indianapolis, p. 110.
  95. Brown, p. 43–44.
  96. Dunn, Greater Indianapolis, p. 614.
  97. 1 2 Holloway, p. 246.
  98. Miller, p. 273.
  99. Sulgrove, p. 439.
  100. Berry, p. 9.
  101. 1 2 Dunn, Greater Indianapolis, p. 597.
  102. L. C. Rudolph (1995). Hoosier Faiths: A History of Indiana's Churches and Religious Groups. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press. p. 590. ISBN   0-253-32882-9.
  103. Hale, p. 111.
  104. Brown, p. 46.
  105. Dunn, Greater Indianapolis, p. 13.
  106. Brown, p. 46 and 49.
  107. 1 2 Brown, p. 50.
  108. Miller, p. 272.
  109. Dunn, Greater Indianapolis, p. 111.
  110. Historical Committee, Indiana Centennial Celebration Committee, p. 37.
  111. 1 2 Brown, p. 60.
  112. 1 2 Esarey, p. 234.
  113. Dunn, Greater Indianapolis, p. 395.
  114. Hale, p. 108.
  115. Kemper, General William Harrison (1908). A Twentieth Century History of Delaware County, Indiana. Lewis Publishing Company. p. 90.
  116. 1 2 3 4 "Digital Collections". Indianapolis Public Library. Retrieved October 7, 2012.
  117. Sulgrove, p. 279.
  118. Brown, p. 59.
  119. Sulgrove, p. 404.
  120. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Bodenhamer and Barrows, eds., p. 1481.
  121. Indianapolis, A Walk Through Time, p. 4.
  122. Milestones 2000: A 20th Century Retrospective. Indianapolis, Ind.: Indianapolis Business Journal. 1999. p. 15B.
  123. Dunn, Greater Indianapolis, p. 131–32.
  124. Holloway, p. 179.
  125. Dunn, Greater Indianapolis, p. 631–32.
  126. Holloway, p. 90.
  127. Brown, p. 61.
  128. 1 2 Esarey, p. 209.
  129. Holloway, p. 93.
  130. Hale, p. 107.
  131. George T. Probst & Eberhard Reichmann (1989). The Germans in Indianapolis 1840–1918. Indianapolis: German-American Center and Indiana German Heritage Society. p. 22 and 70.
  132. 1 2 Sulgrove, p. 142.
  133. Maire Gurevitz (December 2009). "Children's Bureau of Indianapolis Records, 1855–1997 Collection Guide" (pdf). Indiana Historical Society. Retrieved March 13, 2014.
  134. Weintraut and Associates Historians, Inc. (2000). For the Children's Sake: A History of the Children's Bureau of Indianapolis, Inc. Indianapolis: Children's Bureau of Indianapolis, Inc. pp. 5–6, 15, 29–31, 36 and 41.
  135. Sulgrove, p. 390; Holloway, p. 210; Esarey, p. 155; Dunn, Greater Indianapolis, p. 58485; and 125th Anniversary Celebration 1851-1976. Indianapolis: Tabernacle Presbyterian Church. 1976.
  136. Sulgrove, p. 396; Holloway, p. 211; and Dunn, Greater Indianapolis, p. 585.
  137. 1 2 3 4 5 Dunn, Greater Indianapolis, p. 219.
  138. Berry, p. 10.
  139. Holloway, p. 98.
  140. Dunn, Greater Indianapolis, p. 128–29.
  141. Organization of the Indiana and Illinois Central Railway Company, Indianapolis: The Company, 1853, OCLC   35908306, OL   23323807M
  142. Holloway, p. 224.
  143. Esarey, p. 233.
  144. Brown, p. 53.
  145. Dunn, Greater Indianapolis, p. 153 and 263.
  146. Miller, p. 268.
  147. Sulgrove, p. 20, 142, 303, and 423.
  148. 1 2 Laura Sheerin Gaus (1985). Shortridge High School, 1864–1981, in Retrospect. Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Society. p.  9. ISBN   9780871950031.
  149. Sulgrove, p. 271.
  150. George W. Geib (1981). Indianapolis: Hoosiers' Circle City. American Portrait Series. Tulsa, Okla.: Continental Heritage Press. pp. 25–26. ISBN   9780932986191.
  151. 1 2 Dunn, Greater Indianapolis, p. 622.
  152. 1 2 Sulgrove, p. 389.
  153. Brown, p. 66.
  154. Bodenhamer and Barrows, eds., p. 817.
  155. 1 2 Brown, p. 68.
  156. Dunn, Greater Indianapolis, p. 202.
  157. Dunn, Greater Indianapolis, p. 130 and 627.
  158. Holloway, p. 225.
  159. 1 2 Esarey, p. 168.
  160. Bodenhamer and Barrows, eds., p. 443.
  161. Brown, p. 70.
  162. 1 2 The Temple Centennial: Indianapolis Hebrew Congregation, 1856–1956. Indianapolis, Ind.: Indianapolis Hebrew Congregation. 1956. p. 2.
  163. Dunn, Greater Indianapolis, p. 62830; Hyman, The Journal Handbook of Indianapolis, p. 118; and Esarey, v. III, p. 161.
  164. Ethel Rosenberg & David Rosenberg (1979). To 120 Year!: A Social History of the Indianapolis Hebrew Congregation, 1856–1976. Indianapolis: Indianapolis Hebrew Congregation. p. 95.
  165. Baer, p. 29.
  166. 1 2 Dunn, Greater Indianapolis, p. 616–17.
  167. 1 2 Hale, p. 43.
  168. Dunn, Greater Indianapolis, p. 604.
  169. Rudolph, p. 189.
  170. Dunn, Greater Indianapolis, p. 130.
  171. Holloway, p. 110–11 and 180.
  172. Holloway, p. 166.
  173. Historical Committee, Indiana Centennial Celebration Committee, p. 40.
  174. 1 2 Dunn, Greater Indianapolis, p. 175.
  175. 1 2 Sulgrove, p. 303–4.
  176. Dunn, Greater Indianapolis, p. 209 and 214.
  177. Holloway, p. 182.
  178. Stineman and Porter, p. 35 and 38.
  179. Sulgrove, p. 407; Dunn, Greater Indianapolis, p. 616; and Holloway, p. 240.
  180. Holloway, p. 113.
  181. Holloway, p. 112.
  182. Sulgrove, p. 389, and Holloway, p. 246.
  183. Holloway, p. 262, and Bodenhamer and Barrows, eds., p. 393.
  184. Brown, p. 93.
  185. Dunn, Greater Indianapolis, p. 220.
  186. 1 2 Hattie Lou Winslow & Joseph R.H. Moore (1995). Camp Morton 1861–1865: Indianapolis Prison Camp. Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Society. p. 4 and 19. ISBN   0-87195-114-2.
  187. 1 2 Hale, p. 24.
  188. Sulgrove, p. 134, 424–26.
  189. 1 2 Indianapolis city directory and business mirror for 1864. Buell & Williams. 1864.
  190. Geib, Indianapolis, p. 214, and Bodenhamer and Barrows, eds., p. 13001
  191. Hyman, The Journal Handbook of Indianapolis, p. 35.
  192. Stineman and Porter, p. 35.
  193. Geib, Indianapolis, p. 34.
  194. Brown, p. 58.
  195. Sulgrove, p. 150.
  196. Dunn, Greater Indianapolis, p. 288.
  197. Holloway, p. 196.
  198. Wissing, p. 17.
  199. Gaus, p. 19 and 59.
  200. Brown, p. 80.
  201. 1 2 Sulgrove, p. 407.
  202. Brown, p. 98.
  203. Dunn, Greater Indianapolis, p. 251, and Bodenhamer and Barrows, eds., p. 442.
  204. Lafayette and Indianapolis Railroad (1865), Indianapolis to Chicago, [Indianapolis]: [s.n.], OCLC   16721510, OL   24342544M
  205. Esarey, p. 163.
  206. Holloway, p. 159.
  207. Probst and Reichmann, p. 56.
  208. Miller, p. 284 and 286.
  209. Stineman and Porter, p. 34 and 38.
  210. Sulgrove, p. 138.
  211. Holloway, p. 238.
  212. Dunn, Greater Indianapolis, p. 612.
  213. Wissing, p. 33 and 35.
  214. Leary, p. 126.
  215. 1 2 Davies Project. "American Libraries before 1876". Princeton University. Retrieved October 7, 2012.
  216. Sulgrove, p. 382–83.
  217. 1 2 Hale, p. 40.
  218. Holloway, p. 222, and Frances D. Elliott; Charles Millard Fillmore; Charles M. Fillmore (1943). A History of the Third Christian Church of Indianapolis, Indiana. Indianapolis: Ladies' Society, Third Christian Church. pp. 9, 13, 34, and 89.
  219. Sulgrove, p. 246.
  220. Hyman, The Journal Handbook of Indianapolis, p. 240.
  221. 1 2 3 Bodenhamer and Barrows, eds., p. 1482.
  222. Holloway, p. 130–31.
  223. Dunn, Greater Indianapolis, p. 595.
  224. Holloway, p. 252.
  225. 1 2 Probst and Reichmann, p. 73.
  226. Berry, p. 11–12 and 14.
  227. Bodenhamer and Barrows, eds., p. 78990, and Esarey, v. III, p. 71.
  228. Holloway, p. 251.
  229. Weintraut and Associates Historians, p. 11 and 14.
  230. Paul Diebold (1997). Greater Irvington: Architecture, People and Places on the Indianapolis Eastside. Indianapolis, Ind.: Irvington Historical Society. p. 16.
  231. Geib, Indianapolis, p. 41
  232. Hyman, The Journal Handbook of Indianapolis, p. 141; Esarey, v. III, p. 209; and Bodenhamer and Barrows, eds., p. 813.
  233. Catalogue of the Public Library of Indianapolis, Indianapolis: Press of printing and publishing house, 1873, OL   7097303M
  234. Geib, Indianapolis, p. 106.
  235. Berry, p. 20, 25, 27, 46, 48, 70 and 77.
  236. Geib, Indianapolis, p. 40.
  237. Hale, p. 26, 30–31.
  238. Kenneth L. Turchi (2012). L. S. Ayres and Company: The Store at the Crossroads of America. Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Society Press. p. 8 and 272. ISBN   9780871953001.
  239. 1 2 Dunn Greater Indianapolis, p. 617.
  240. Bodenhamer and Barrows, eds., p. 761.
  241. Hyman, The Journal Handbook of Indianapolis, p. 117.
  242. Stineman and Porter, p. 36.
  243. Esarey, v. III, p. 7475.
  244. Sulgrove, p. 380.
  245. Dunn, Greater Indianapolis, p. 606.
  246. James H. Madison (2006). Eli Lilly: A Life, 1885–1977 (2nd ed.). Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Society. p.  4. ISBN   978-0-87195-197-7.
  247. Sulgrove, p. 380, and Bodenhamer and Barrows, p. 585.
  248. Bodenhamer and Barrows, eds., p. 81718.
  249. Judith E. Endelman (1984). The Jewish Community of Indianapolis, 1849 to the Present . Bloomington: Indiana University Press. p.  61 62 and 243. ISBN   9780253331502.
  250. Warren, Stanley; Blair, Lyndsey D. (2021) [1994]. "Robert Bruce Bagby". Digital Encyclopedia of Indianapolis. Indianapolis Public Library. Retrieved April 8, 2022.
  251. Manufacturing and mercantile resources of Indianapolis, Indiana, 1883, OCLC   10931342, OL   24181574M
  252. The Journal Handbook of Indianapolis: An Outline of History, Indianapolis Journal Newspaper Co., 1902, OCLC   14765954, OL   23508292M
  253. Sulgrove, p. 483.
  254. Bodenhamer and Barrows, eds., p. 1299.
  255. Hyman, The Journal Handbook of Indianapolis, p. 112; Sulgrove, p. 404; and "Central Avenue Methodist Church (Indianapolis, Ind.) Collection, Ca. 19521983, Collections Guide" (PDF). Indiana Historical Society. Retrieved February 21, 2015.
  256. Esarey, p. 79.
  257. 1 2 3 Bodenhamer and Barrows, eds., p. 1483, and Dunn, Greater Indianapolis, p. 257.
  258. 1 2 Hyman, The Journal Handbook of Indianapolis, p. 180.
  259. 1 2 3 Dunn, Greater Indianapolis, p. 215.
  260. Miller, p. 278.
  261. Weintraut and Associates Historians, Inc. (2000). For the Children's Sake: A History of the Children's Bureau of Indianapolis, Inc. Indianapolis: Children's Bureau of Indianapolis, Inc. p. 15.
  262. Sulgrove, p. 408.
  263. Dunn, Greater Indianapolis, p. 618.
  264. Miller, p. 287.
  265. Esarey, p. 211.
  266. Hyman, The Journal Handbook of Indianapolis, p. 135; Milestones 2000, p. 54B; and Bodenhamer and Barrows, eds., p. 802.
  267. Sulgrove, p. 409; Bodenhamer and Barrows, eds., p. 711; and Dunn, Greater Indianapolis, p. 621.
  268. Bodenhamer and Barrows, eds., p. 635.
  269. Stineman and Porter, p. 37, and Dunn, Greater Indianapolis, p. 619.
  270. Milestones 2000: A 20th Century Retrospective. Indianapolis, Ind.: Indianapolis Business Journal. 1999. p. 32B.
  271. Bodenhamer and Barrows, eds., p. 212 and 266.
  272. Art Association of Indianapolis: A Record, 18831906. Indianapolis: Art Association of Indianapolis, Indiana. 1906. p. 56.
  273. Weintraut and Associates Historians, p. 16.
  274. Bodenhamer and Barrows, eds., p. 326.
  275. Probst and Reichmann, p. 100–1.
  276. Leary, p. 138.
  277. Endelman, p. 51 and 63.
  278. 1 2 Bodenhamer and Barrows, eds., p. 1484.
  279. 1 2 Dunn, Greater Indianapolis, p. 619, and Hale, p. 103.
  280. "American and Western Photographic Societies", International Annual of Anthony's Photographic Bulletin, New York: E. & H. T. Anthony & Company, 1890
  281. 1 2 3 Bodenhamer and Barrows, eds., p. 818.
  282. Bodenhamer and Barrow, eds., p. 1252, and Dunn, Greater Indianapolis, p. 631.
  283. Hyman, The Journal Handbook of Indianapolis, p. 46 and 182.
  284. Geib, Indianapolis, p. 70.
  285. The Indiana State Capitol Building: A Centennial Restoration, 1888–1988. Indianapolis: State of Indiana. 1988. p. 5 and 8.
  286. James Philip Fadely (Winter 2006). "The Veteran and the Memorial: George J. Gangsdale and the Soldiers and Sailors Monument". Traces of Indiana and Midwestern History. 18 (1). Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Society: 33–35.
  287. Miller, p. 286.
  288. Geib, Indianapolis, p. 190.
  289. Indianapolis City Directory for 1894. Polk. 1894.
  290. Art Association of Indianapolis, p. 36.
  291. Rudolph, p. 408.
  292. Rudolph, p. 518, and Bodenhamer and Barrows, eds., p. 422.
  293. Endelman, p. 63.
  294. 1 2 3 4 Bodenhamer and Barrows, p. 1485.
  295. 1 2 George Geib & Miriam Geib (1994). Indianapolis First. Indianapolis, Ind.: Indianapolis Chamber of Commerce. p.  29. ISBN   0-9627335-0-4.
  296. Hale, p. 54.
  297. Hyman, The Journal Handbook of Indianapolis, p. 140.
  298. Geib, Indianapolis, p. 60.
  299. Bodenhamer and Barrows, eds., p. 478.
  300. Hale, p. 89.
  301. 1 2 Stineman and Porter, p. 37.
  302. Hyman, The Journal Handbook of Indianapolis, p. 46.
  303. Hale, p. 109–10.
  304. Milestones 2000, p. 32B, and Bodenhamer and Barrows, eds., p. 701.
  305. Leary, p. 140.
  306. Geib, Indianapolis, p. 75.
  307. 1 2 Milestones 2000, p. 23B.
  308. Miller, p. 283.
  309. Geib, Indianapolis, p. 185.
  310. Milestones 2002, p. 32B.
  311. Hyman, The Journal Handbook of Indianapolis, p. 118.
  312. Milestones 2000, p. 13B.
  313. Bodenhamer and Barrows, eds., p. 577.
  314. Bodenhamer and Barrows, eds., p. 320 and 1047.
  315. Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Indianapolis"  . Encyclopædia Britannica . Vol. 14 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 427–428.
  316. Geib, Indianapolis, p. 79.
  317. Thornburg, David (2001). A Century of Service: The First One Hundred Years of Church of the Brethren in Indianapolis, 19012001. Indianapolis. p. 14.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  318. Markisohn, Deborah B. (2021) [1994]. "St. Elmo Steak House". Digital Encyclopedia of Indianapolis. Indianapolis Public Library. Retrieved November 19, 2024.
  319. 1 2 3 4 Bodenhamer and Barrows, eds., p. 1486.
  320. Milestones 2000, p. 23B, and Geib, Indianapolis, p. 114.
  321. Art Association of Indianapolis, p. 1921.
  322. Bodenhamer and Barrows, eds., p. 66070.
  323. Miller, p. 285.
  324. Dunn, Greater Indianapolis, p. 153.
  325. Rudolph, p. 351, and Endelman, p. 64.
  326. Rudolph, p. 518.
  327. Bodenhamer and Barrows, eds., p. 966.
  328. Geib, Indianapolis, p. 79, and Bodenhamer and Barrows, eds., p. 812.
  329. Milestones 2000, p. 31B, and Bodenhamer and Barrows, eds., p. 592.
  330. Geib, Indianapolis, p. 106; Leary, p. 180; and Bodenhamer and Barrows, eds., p. 562.
  331. Geib, Indianapolis, p. 198 and 202, and Milestones 2000, p. 37B.
  332. Bodenhamer and Barrows, eds., p. 847.
  333. Bodenhamer and Barrows, eds., p. 157 and 414.
  334. Rudolph, p. 627.
  335. Milestones 2000, p. 42B, and Bodenhamer and Barrows, eds., p. 1134.
  336. Geib, Indianapolis, p. 80, and Bodenhamer and Barrows, eds., p. 314.
  337. Rudolph, p. 606–7.
  338. Milestones 2000, p. 10B.
  339. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Bodenhamer and Barrows, eds., p. 1487.
  340. Milestones 2000, p. 31B and 53B.
  341. "Statement of Receipts and Expenditures". Industrial Union Bulletin . Vol. 1, no. 26. August 24, 1907. p. 3.
  342. Leary, p. 182.
  343. Hale, p. 68–69.
  344. Milestones 2000, p. 40B.
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