Meteorological history | |
---|---|
Formed | November 6,2001 |
Dissipated | November 12,2001 |
Very strong typhoon | |
10-minute sustained (JMA) | |
Highest winds | 155 km/h (100 mph) |
Lowest pressure | 940 hPa (mbar);27.76 inHg |
Category 4-equivalent typhoon | |
1-minute sustained (SSHWS/JTWC) | |
Highest winds | 215 km/h (130 mph) |
Lowest pressure | 927 hPa (mbar);27.37 inHg |
Overall effects | |
Fatalities | 379 total |
Damage | $60 million (2001 USD) |
Areas affected | Philippines,Vietnam and Cambodia |
IBTrACS | |
Part of the 2001 Pacific typhoon season |
Typhoon Lingling,known in the Philippines as Typhoon Nanang,was a deadly typhoon that struck the Philippines and Vietnam in 2001 and caused 379 deaths. The name "Lingling" was given by Hong Kong. [1] The 39th tropical depression,22nd named storm,and 13th typhoon of the 2001 Pacific typhoon season,Lingling developed into a tropical depression on November 6 and given the local name Nanang by the PAGASA. The next day,it was upgraded into a tropical storm and given the name Lingling by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA). Lingling's intensity briefly stagnated as it moved over Visayas before resuming intensification and intensifying into a severe tropical storm on November 8. One day later,both the JMA and the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) upgraded Lingling to a typhoon as it exited the Philippine archipelago and moved into the South China Sea. After intensifying into a typhoon,Lingling began to quickly intensify,peaking with 10-min sustained winds of 155 km/h (96 mph) and 1-min sustained winds of 215 km/h (134 mph),with a minimum central pressure of 940 mbar (28 inHg). Lingling began to weaken as it approached the Vietnamese coast,before making landfall on November 11 at 18:00 UTC. Lingling rapidly weakened afterward,dissipating on November 12.
A total of 379 people were killed,of which 359 came from the Philippines and 20 came from Vietnam. The province of Camiguin was the most heavily affected,with multiple landslides killing hundreds of people. Lingling caused a total of $60 million in damage.
At 19:00 UTC on November 3, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) began monitoring an area of convection approximately 120 nm east-southeast of Yap, assessing its development potential as poor due to infrared satellite imagery indicating disorganized convection. [2] [3] Surface analysis the next morning showed that the disturbance was located within a monsoon trough without a closed circulation, though the convection was located within a favorable for intensification. [3] The next day on November 5 at 6:00 UTC, the JTWC upgraded its development potential to fair as satellite imagery showed multiple low-level circulations within a broader circulation. [2] [3] The disturbance continued organizing, and on the same day at 20:30 UTC, the JTWC issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (TCFA) on the system. [2] On November 6 at 0:00 UTC, the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), the PAGASA, and the JTWC began issuing warnings on a tropical depression that had formed about 750 km (470 mi) southeast of Manila, with the JTWC giving it the designation 27W and the PAGASA giving it the local name Nanang. [2] [3] [4] [5]
The JTWC and the PAGASA estimated the depression's strength at 50 km/h (31 mph), though by 6:00 UTC the PAGASA had upgraded it to a tropical storm as the system's organization began to improve. [3] By 12:00 UTC, the JTWC had increased the system's intensity to 55 km/h (34 mph) as it began approaching Leyte Gulf, and at 18:00 UTC on November 6, the JMA upgraded the depression to a tropical storm, giving it the name Lingling, with the JTWC doing so later at 0:00 UTC on November 7 as its center was located over Cebu. [3] [4] [6] Lingling continued to the west-northwest, primarily steered by a mid-level high situated over northern Vietnam and southern China. [7] Lingling's intensity briefly stagnated as its center moved over Negros Island and Panay before resuming intensification, with the JTWC estimating winds of 85 km/h (53 mph) on November 8 at 0:00 UTC. [3] [6] By 12:00 UTC the same day, the JTWC had upgraded the storm's strength to 105 km/h (65 mph), with the JMA upgrading Lingling to a severe tropical storm 6 hours later, estimating a minimum central pressure of 980 mbar (hPa; 28.94 inHg) as it entered the South China Sea. [4] [6] Lingling continued intensifying, and by November 9, the JTWC and the JMA upgraded Lingling to a typhoon, with the JMA doing so later in the day. [4] [6]
After Lingling intensified into a typhoon, it began to quickly intensify as it tracked along the southern edge of a strong monsoonal northeasterly surge. [2] Convective coverage began to increase and become more organized and by November 9 at 18:00 UTC, the JTWC assessed Lingling's maximum sustained winds at 165 km/h (103 mph) as it began to turn westward, before further intensifying into a Category-3 equivalent cyclone on November 10 at 0:00 UTC. [5] [6] Later that day at 12:00 UTC, the JTWC unofficially estimated Lingling to have peaked, with 1-min sustained winds of 215 km/h (134 mph) and a minimum central pressure of 927 mbar (27.4 inHg). [6] The JMA estimated Lingling to have peaked 12 hours later on November 11 at 0:00 UTC, with 10-min sustained winds of 155 km/h (96 mph) and a minimum central pressure of 940 mbar (28 inHg). [4] Gales from the storm extended 170 nm in all quadrants, with it extending up to 250 nm in the northwestern quadrant; the eye's diameter at this time was 25 nm. [3] Lingling then began to weaken thereafter, with the JMA downgrading it to a severe tropical storm and the JTWC downgrading it to a Category-2 equivalent cyclone as it made landfall near Qui Nhơn on November 11 at 18:00 UTC. [4] [6] After making landfall, Lingling rapidly weakened, with the JMA downgrading it to a tropical depression and the JTWC downgrading it to a tropical storm on November 12 at 0:00 UTC. [4] [6] The JTWC issued its final warning on the system hours later at 6:00 UTC, with the JMA doing the same at 12:00 UTC. [4] [6] Lingling degenerated into an area of low pressure over northern Cambodia the same night. [5]
A majority of the fatalities in the Philippines came from the municipality of Mahinog in Camiguin, where landslides, debris flows, and flash floods flattened hundreds of shanties. 15 people died in Cebu, of which 11 died due to a tunnel collapse in a copper mine. Another 10 people drowned on Negros Island, with another person being killed in Bohol. A Panamanian cargo vessel sank off the coast of Pangasinan, with the 19 people on board being reported missing. [8] [9]
A state of calamity was declared in the provinces of Negros Occidental, Capiz, Aklan, Antique, and Camiguin due to extensive damages to property and loss of life by President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo on November 26. [10] In total, 359 people were killed (of which 229 presumed dead) and 147 were injured. Lingling caused $22.7 million in the Philippines. [11] [12] [13]
Rainfall of 517 millimeters was observed on November 7, with 7 thousand families in Camiguin being affected. [14] The Philippine Tactical Operations command conducted relief operations on Camiguin, though many government agencies including the Armed Forces of the Philippines were unable to land on the island due to bad weather. Lingling effectively isolated Camiguin for 2 weeks, with the future governor Jurdin Jesus Romualdo describing it as "the worst crisis that we had in Camiguin in recent history." [15] [16] The Hubangon and Pontod river basins in Camiguin suffered the most serious damage. [17] Several people died in floods, with other people being struck by fallen trees and debris caused by a tornado hitting the island. [18] There were fears of disease outbreaks due to lack of clean drinking water and cases of diarrhea in evacuation centers. [19]
In Phú Yên Province, 15 people were killed, with Bình Định Province and Quảng Ngãi receiving 2 fatalities each, and 1 person being killed in Thừa Thiên Huế Province. [20]
In total, 20 people were killed, 131 were injured, with Lingling causing $37.3 million in damages in Vietnam. [3] [21]
The local name Nanang was retired and replaced with Nando for the 2005 season due to the damages it caused in the Philippines.[ citation needed ]
The 2003 Pacific typhoon season was a slightly below average yearlong period of tropical cyclogenesis exhibiting the development of 45 tropical depressions, of which 21 became named storms; of those, 14 became typhoons. Though every month with the exception of February and March featured tropical activity, most storms developed from May through October. During the season, tropical cyclones affected the Philippines, Japan, China, the Korean Peninsula, Indochina, and various islands in the western Pacific.
The 2001 Pacific typhoon season was an average season with twenty-six named storms, sixteen typhoons and three super typhoons, with a near normal Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE) of 307.3 units. It ran year-round in 2001, with most tropical cyclones in the northwestern Pacific Ocean tending between May and November.
The 1988 Pacific typhoon season was a very active season in terms of named storms, though it only featured 11 typhoons and 1 super typhoon. It had no official bounds; it ran year-round in 1988, but most tropical cyclones formed between May and November. Tropical storms that formed in the entire west Pacific basin were assigned a name by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Tropical depressions that enter or form in the Philippine area of responsibility are assigned a name by the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration or PAGASA. This can often result in the same storm having two names.
The 1987 Pacific typhoon season was a below average season, though it featured a relatively high amount of typhoons. It had no official bounds; it ran year-round in 1987, but most tropical cyclones formed between May and November. Tropical storms that formed in the entire basin were assigned a name by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Tropical depressions that enter or form in the Philippine area of responsibility are assigned a name by the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration or PAGASA. This can often result in the same storm having two names.
The 1980 Pacific typhoon season was a slightly-below average season when compared to the long-term average, though it featured several intense storms. It ran year-round in 1980, but most tropical cyclones formed between June and December. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. A total of 28 tropical depressions formed this year in the Western Pacific, of which 24 became tropical storms and were assigned a name by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Beginning in March, tropical cyclones formed in each subsequent month through December. Of the 24 named storms, 15 storms reached typhoon intensity, of which 2 reached super typhoon strength.
This timeline documents all the storm formations, strengthening, weakening, landfalls, extratropical transitions, as well as dissipation during the 2008 Pacific typhoon season. The 2008 Pacific typhoon season officially started on January 1, 2008 and ended on January 1, 2009.
This timeline documents all of the events of the 2009 Pacific typhoon season which was the period that tropical cyclones formed in the Western Pacific Ocean during 2009, with most of the tropical cyclones forming between May and November. The scope of this article is limited to the Pacific Ocean, north of the equator between 100°E and the International Date Line. Tropical storms that form in the entire Western Pacific basin are assigned a name by the Japan Meteorological Agency. Tropical depressions that form in this basin are given a number with a "W" suffix by the United States' Joint Typhoon Warning Center. In addition, the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) assigns names to tropical cyclones that enter or form in the Philippine area of responsibility. These names, however, are not in common use outside of the Philippines.
The 2019 Pacific typhoon season was a devastating season that became the costliest on record, just ahead of the previous year and 2023, mainly due to the catastrophic damage wrought by typhoons Lekima, Faxai, and Hagibis. The season featured fairly above-average tropical cyclone activity for the second consecutive year, producing 29 named storms, 17 typhoons, and five super typhoons. The season's first named storm, Pabuk, reached tropical storm status on January 1, becoming the earliest-forming tropical storm of the western Pacific Ocean on record, breaking the previous record that was held by Typhoon Alice in 1979. The season's first typhoon, Wutip, reached typhoon status on February 20. Wutip further intensified into a super typhoon on February 23, becoming the strongest February typhoon on record, and the strongest tropical cyclone recorded in February in the Northern Hemisphere. The season's last named storm, Phanfone, dissipated on December 29 after it made landfall in the Philippines.
This timeline documents all of the events of the 2010 Pacific typhoon season. Most of the tropical cyclones forming between May and November. The scope of this article is limited to the Pacific Ocean, north of the equator between 100°E and the International Date Line. Tropical storms that form in the entire Western Pacific basin are assigned a name by the Japan Meteorological Agency. Tropical depressions that form in this basin are given a number with a "W" suffix by the United States' Joint Typhoon Warning Center. In addition, the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) assigns names to tropical cyclones that enter or form in the Philippine area of responsibility. These names, however, are not in common use outside of the Philippines.
The 2020 Pacific typhoon season was the first of a series of four below average Pacific typhoon seasons, and became the first with below-average tropical cyclone activity since 2014, with 23 named storms, 10 of which became typhoons and only 2 became super typhoons. This low activity was a consequence of La Niña that persisted from the summer of the year. It had the sixth-latest start in the basin on record, slightly behind 1973, and was the first to start that late since 2016. The first half of the season was unusually inactive, with only four systems, two named storms and one typhoon at the end of July. Additionally, the JTWC recorded no tropical cyclone development in the month of July, the first such occurrence since reliable records began. Despite that, this season featured Super Typhoon Goni, which made the strongest landfall worldwide in terms of 1-minute wind speed. The season's first named tropical cyclone, Vongfong, developed on May 8, while the season's last named tropical cyclone, Krovanh, dissipated on December 24. However, the season's last system was an unnamed tropical depression which dissipated on December 29.
Most of the tropical cyclones of the 2013 Pacific typhoon season formed between May and November of that year. The scope of this article is the Pacific Ocean north of the equator, between 100°E and the International Date Line. Tropical storms which form in the Western Pacific basin are assigned a name by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA). Tropical depressions forming in this basin are given a number with a "W" suffix by the United States' Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC). The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) assigns names to tropical cyclones that enter or form in the Philippine area of responsibility, but these names are not in common use outside the Philippines.
This timeline documents all of the events of the 2014 Pacific typhoon season. Most of the tropical cyclones forming between May and November. The scope of this article is limited to the Pacific Ocean, north of the equator between 100°E and the International Date Line. Tropical storms that form in the entire Western Pacific basin are assigned a name by the Japan Meteorological Agency. Tropical depressions that form in this basin are given a number with a "W" suffix by the United States' Joint Typhoon Warning Center. In addition, the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) assigns names to tropical cyclones that enter or form in the Philippine area of responsibility. These names, however, are not in common use outside of the Philippines.
Tropical Storm Lingling, known in the Philippines as Tropical Depression Agaton, was a weak but deadly tropical cyclone that affected the Philippines in January 2014. The first named storm of the annual typhoon season, this early-season cyclone remained very disorganized throughout its lifespan. Lingling was the first major natural disaster in the Philippines after Typhoon Haiyan just two months earlier, as it caused widespread landslide incidents and floods in Mindanao, resulting in 70 deaths and damage amounting to over 566 million pesos on the island.
This timeline documents all of the events of the 2015 Pacific typhoon season. Most of the tropical cyclones formed between May and November. The scope of this article is limited to the Pacific Ocean, north of the equator between 100°E and the International Date Line. This area, called the Western Pacific basin, is the responsibility of the Japanese Meteorological Agency (JMA). They host and operate the Regional Specialized Meteorological Center (RSMC), located in Tokyo. The Japanese Meteorological Agency (JMA) is also responsible for assigning names to all tropical storms that are formed within the basin. However, any storm that enters or forms in the Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR) will be named by the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) using a local name. Also of note - the Western Pacific basin is monitored by the United States' Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC), which gives all Tropical depressions a number with a "W" suffix.
Typhoon Joe, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Nitang, affected the Philippines, China, and Vietnam during July 1980. An area of disturbed weather formed near the Caroline Islands on July 14. Shower activity gradually became better organized, and two days later, the system was upgraded into a tropical depression. On July 18, the depression was classified as Tropical Storm Joe. Initially, Joe moved northwest, but began to turn to the west-northwest, anchored by a subtropical ridge to its north. Joe started to deepen at a faster clip, and attained typhoon intensity on July 19. The eye began to clear out, and the next day, Joe reached its highest intensity. Shortly thereafter, Joe moved ashore the Philippines. There, 31 people were killed and 300,000 others were directly affected. Around 5,000 homes were destroyed, resulting in an additional 29,000 homeless. Damage in the nation was estimated at $14.5 million (1980 USD).
Typhoon Faith, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Norming, struck both the Philippines and Vietnam during December 1998. A tropical disturbance developed within the vicinity of the western Caroline Islands during early December. At midday on December 8, the system developed into a tropical depression. Tracking northwest at a brisk pace, the depression gradually intensified, and was upgraded into a tropical storm at noon on December 9. Quickly intensifying, Faith turned to the west-northwest, and after tracking near Samar Island on the evening of December 10, Faith attained typhoon intensity. After clipping the northern tip of Palawan Island, the typhoon entered the South China Sea at peak intensity. Across the Philippines, 33 people were killed, with 30 others wounded and 36 others listed missing. A total of 6,423 homes were damaged and 3,234 houses were destroyed, leaving more than 20,000 homeless. Damage was estimated at $25.9 million, with $6.82 million from crops, $15.9 million from public infrastructure, and $3.37 million from private infrastructure.
The 2021 Pacific typhoon season was the second consecutive season to have below average tropical cyclone activity, with twenty-two named storms, and was the least active since 2011. Nine became typhoons, and five of those intensified into super typhoons. This low activity was caused by a strong La Niña that had persisted from the previous year. The season's first named storm, Dujuan, developed on February 16, while the last named storm, Rai, dissipated on December 21. The season's first typhoon, Surigae, reached typhoon status on April 16. It became the first super typhoon of the year on the next day, also becoming the strongest tropical cyclone in 2021. Surigae was also the most powerful tropical cyclone on record in the Northern Hemisphere for the month of April. Typhoons In-fa and Rai are responsible for more than half of the total damage this season, adding up to a combined total of $2.02 billion.
The 2022 Pacific typhoon season was the third consecutive season to have below average tropical cyclone activity, with twenty-five named storms forming. Of the tropical storms, ten became typhoons, and three would intensify into super typhoons. The season saw near-average activity by named storm count, although many of the storms were weak and short-lived, particularly towards the end of the season. This low activity was caused by an unusually strong La Niña that had persisted from 2020. The season's first named storm, Malakas, developed on April 6, while the last named storm, Pakhar, dissipated on December 12. The season's first typhoon, Malakas, reached typhoon status on April 12. The season ran throughout 2022, though most tropical cyclones typically develop between May and October. Tropical storms Megi and Nalgae were responsible for more than half of the casualties, while typhoons Hinnamnor and Nanmadol both caused $1 billion in damages.
The 2018 Pacific typhoon season was formerly the costliest Pacific typhoon season on record before being surpassed the following year. The season had no official boundaries, and storms can form year-round, as evidenced by the formation of Tropical Storm Bolaven in late December 2017, and Tropical Storm Pabuk on December 31, 2018. Despite this, activity usually peaks between May and November. The season featured above-average activity, with 29 named storms, 13 typhoons, and 7 super typhoons forming in the West Pacific.
Typhoon Saudel, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Pepito, was a typhoon that affected the Philippines, Vietnam and Southern China in October 2020. It was seventeenth tropical storm and seventh typhoon of the 2020 Pacific typhoon season. The name Saudel was used for the first time, replacing Typhoon Soudelor in 2015, which caused serious damage in Taiwan and Mainland China. Saudel formed from a tropical disturbance east of the Philippines. The disturbance gradually organized and crossed the Philippines as a tropical storm. Once the system emerged into the South China Sea, it began to rapidly organize and intensify, becoming a typhoon early on October 22.