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Acetobacter is a genus of acetic acid bacteria. Acetic acid bacteria are characterized by the ability to convert ethanol to acetic acid in the presence of oxygen. Of these, the genus Acetobacter is distinguished by the ability to oxidize lactate and acetate into carbon dioxide and water. Bacteria of the genus Acetobacter have been isolated from industrial vinegar fermentation processes and are frequently used as fermentation starter cultures.
The Thermomicrobia is a group of thermophilic green non-sulfur bacteria. Based on species Thermomicrobium roseum and Sphaerobacter thermophilus, this bacteria class has the following description:
Sulfur-reducing bacteria are microorganisms able to reduce elemental sulfur (S0) to hydrogen sulfide (H2S). These microbes use inorganic sulfur compounds as electron acceptors to sustain several activities such as respiration, conserving energy and growth, in absence of oxygen. The final product or these processes, sulfide, has a considerable influence on the chemistry of the environment and, in addition, is used as electron donor for a large variety of microbial metabolisms. Several types of bacteria and many non-methanogenic archaea can reduce sulfur.Microbial sulfur reduction was already shown in early studies, which highlighted the first proof of S0 reduction in a vibrioid bacterium from mud, with sulfur as electron acceptor and H2 as electron donor. The first pure cultured species of sulfur-reducing bacteria, Desulfuromonas acetoxidans, was discovered in 1976 and described by Pfennig Norbert and Biebel Hanno as an anaerobic sulfur-reducing and acetate-oxidizing bacterium, not able to reduce sulfate. Only few taxa are true sulfur-reducing bacteria, using sulfur reduction as the only or main catabolic reaction. Normally, they couple this reaction with the oxidation of acetate, succinate or other organic compounds.In general, sulfate-reducing bacteria, are able to use both sulfate and elemental sulfur as electron acceptors. Thanks to its abundancy and thermodynamic stability, sulfate is the most studied electron acceptor for anaerobic respiration that involves sulfur compounds. Elemental sulfur, however, is very abundant and important, especially in deep-sea hydrothermal vents, hot springs and other extreme environments, making its isolation more difficult. Some bacteria – such as Proteus, Campylobacter, Pseudomonas and Salmonella – have the ability to reduce sulfur, but can also use oxygen and other terminal electron acceptors.
Acidaminococcus is a genus in the phylum Firmicutes (Bacteria), whose members are anaerobic diplococci that can use amino acids as the sole energy source for growth. Like other members of the class Negativicutes, they are gram-negative, despite being Firmicutes, which are normally gram-positive.
Agrococcus is a genus in the phylum Actinobacteria (Bacteria).
Lautropia mirabilis is a Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, oxidase- and catalase-positive, motile bacterium of the genus Lautropia and family Burkholderiaceae, isolated from the mouth of children who were infected with human immunodeficiency virus.
Vagococcus fluvialis is a species of bacteria. The type strain of V. fluvialis is NCDO 2497. It rarely causes human infection. The only genetically proven case of V. fluvialis endocarditis was detected in the Cochin, India.
Vagococcus penaei is a species of bacteria. It is Gram-positive, catalase-negative and coccus-shaped. Its type strain is CD276T.
Paeniglutamicibacter cryotolerans, also known as Arthrobacter cryotolerans, is a species of bacteria. It is psychrotolerant, halotolerant, Gram-positive, motile and facultatively anaerobic. It possesses a rod–coccus cycle. Its type strain is LI3T (= DSM 22826T = NCCB 100315T).
Paeniglutamicibacter antarcticus, its old name is Arthrobacter antarcticus, is a species of bacteria. It is Gram-positive, motile, aerobic and has a rod–coccus cycle. SPC26T is the type strain.
Virgibacillus is a genus of Gram-positive, rod-shaped (bacillus) bacteria and a member of the phylum Firmicutes. Virgibacillus species can be obligate aerobes, or facultative anaerobes and catalase enzyme positive. Under stressful environmental conditions, the bacteria can produce oval or ellipsoidal endospores in terminal, or sometimes subterminal, swollen sporangia. The genus was recently reclassified from the genus Bacillus in 1998 following an analysis of the species V. pantothenticus. Subsequently, a number of new species have been discovered or reclassified as Virgibacillus species.
Hymenobacter is a Gram-negative and non-motile bacterial genus from the family of Flavobacteriaceae.
Paraburkholderia is a genus of Proteobacteria that are gram negative, slightly curved rods that are motile by means of flagella. They have been reported to colonize endophytic tissues of hybrid spruce and lodgepole pine with a strong potential to perform biological nitrogen fixation and plant growth promotion. Unlike Burkholderia species, Paraburkholderia members are not commonly associated with human infection. Paraburkholderia members form a monophyletic clade within the Burkholderiaceae family, which is what prompted their distinction as a genus independent from Burkholderia species, in combination with the finding of robust conserved signature indels which are unique to Paraburkholderia species, and are lacking in members of the genus Burkholderia. These CSIs distinguish the genus from all other bacteria. Additionally, the CSIs that were found to be shared by Burkholderia species are absent in Paraburkholderia, providing evidence of separate lineages.
Atopococcus is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming and non-motile bacterial genus from the family of Carnobacteriaceae, with one known species.
Granulicoccus is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming and non-motile bacterial genus from the family of Propionibacteriaceae with one known species.
Tessaracoccus is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic and non-motile bacterial genus from the family of Propionibacteriaceae.
Kineosphaera is a Gram-positive, strictly aerobic non-spore-forming and motile genus of bacteria from the family of Dermatophilaceae with one known species . Kineosphaera limosa has been isolated from activated sludge from Ibaraki Prefecture in Japan.
Phycicoccus is a genus of Gram positive, aerobic, non-endosporeforming bacteria. Species in this genus are mesophilic and have cells that are short rods or coccoid.
Arthrobacter bussei is a pink-coloured, aerobic, coccus-shaped, Gram-stain-positive, oxidase-positive and catalase-positive bacterium isolated from cheese made of cow´s milk. A. bussei is non-motile and does not form spores. Rod–coccus life cycle is not observed. Cells are 1.1–1.5 µm in diameter. On trypticase soy agar it forms pink-coloured, raised and round colonies, which are 1.0 mm in diameter after 5 days at 30 °C The genome of the strain A. bussei KR32T has been fully sequenced.
Lapillicoccus is a genus of Gram positive, nonmotile, non-sporeforming bacteria. The bacteria are strictly aerobic and mesophilic. Cells of the genus are coccoid. The genus name is derived from Latin lapillus and coccus, referring to its original isolation from a stone and the shape of the cells. The genus is monospecific, with L. jejuensis as the only species.
References
- 1 2 Wang L; Cui YS; Kwon CS; Lee ST; Lee JS; Im WT (2011). "Vagococcus acidifermentans sp. nov., isolated from an acideogenic fermentation bioreactor". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 61: 1123–1126. doi: 10.1099/ijs.0.022087-0 . PMID 20543153.
- ↑ Collins MD; Ash C; Farrow JAE; Wallbanks S; Williams AM (1989). "16S Ribosomal ribonucleic acid sequence analyses of lactococci and related taxa. Description of Vagococcus fluvialis gen. nov., sp. nov". Journal of Applied Microbiology. 67: 453–460. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.1989.tb02516.x. PMID 2479630.