Veillonella

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Veillonella
Scientific classification
Domain:
Bacteria
Phylum:
Bacillota
Class:
Negativicutes
Order:
Vellionellales
Family:
Veillonellaceae
Genus:
Veillonella

Prévot 1933
Type species
Veillonella parvula
(Veillon & Zuber 1898) Prévot 1933
Species

See text

Synonyms

"Syzygiococcus" Herzberg 1928

Veillonella are Gram-negative bacteria (Gram stain pink) anaerobic cocci, unlike most Bacillota, which are Gram-positive bacteria. [1] This bacterium is well known for its lactate fermenting abilities. It is a normal bacterium in the intestines and oral mucosa of mammals. In humans they have been implicated in cases of osteomyelitis and endocarditis, for example with the species Veillonella parvula .

Contents

Veillonella dispar is the most nitrate-reducing bacterium in the oral cavity, which is beneficially anti-bacterial. [2]

When Veillonella is responsible for clinical infections in humans, it should be kept in mind that more than 70% of the strains are resistant to penicillin, while more than 95% of the strains are susceptible to amoxicillin/clavulanate. [3]

Previous studies have shown that exercise is associated with changes in microbiome composition. Specifically, Veillonella, Bacteroides , Prevotella , Methanobrevibacter , and Akkermansiaceae are in more abundance in endurance athletes. [4] [5] Specifically, one study has proposed that V. atypica is beneficial for endurance performance because the high-lactate environment of the athlete provides a selective advantage for colonization by lactate metabolizing organisms, such as Veillonella. [6] Previous studies in mice have shown that propionate increases heart rate variability (HRV) and VO2 max. [7] [8] It also raises the resting energy expenditure and lipid oxidation in fasted humans. [9] These modifications are beneficial for athletes because an increase in HRV indicates that the body is adapting to the exercise stimuli, indicating an increase in fitness. [10] Also, a higher VO2 max allows the athlete to produce more energy which allows them to do more work and an increase in lipid oxidation delays glycogen depletion. [11] [12]

Fermentation

Lactate is fermented to propionate and acetate by the methylmalonyl-CoA pathway. Little ATP is produced in this fermentation. High substrate affinity is suggested to be the reason.

3 Lactate → acetate + 2 propionate + CO
2+ H
2O

A study of Veillonella in endurance athletes found that a relative abundance of the bacteria in the gut is associated with increased treadmill run time performance. This effect was demonstrated to be due to the organism's propionate metabolite produced from lactic acid. [13]

Phylogeny

The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) [14] and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). [15]

16S rRNA based LTP_08_2023 [16] [17] [18] 120 marker proteins based GTDB 07-RS207 [19] [20] [21]
Veillonella

V. magna Kraatz and Taras 2008

V. criceti (Rogosa 1965) Mays et al. 1982

V. intestinalis Afrizal et al. 2023

V. ratti (Rogosa 1965) Mays et al. 1982 emend. Kraatz and Taras 2008

V. seminalis Aujoulat et al. 2014

V. montpellierensis Jumas-Bilak et al. 2004

V. agrestimuris Afrizal et al. 2023

V. caviae Mays et al. 1982

V. fallax Afrizal et al. 2023

V. dispar (Rogosa 1965) Mays et al. 1982

V. infantium Mashima et al. 2018

V. denticariosi Byun et al. 2007

V. rodentium (Rogosa 1965) Mays et al. 1982

V. atypica (Rogosa 1965) Mays et al. 1982

V. tobetsuensis Mashima et al. 2013

V. hominis Liu et al. 2022

V. parvula (Veillon and Zuber 1898) Prévot 1933 Mays et al. 1982

V. rogosae Arif et al. 2008

Unassigned species:

Infections and Treatment

Meningitis, osteomyelitis, periodontitis, and endocarditis are infections that can be caused by V. parvula. [22] [23] [24] [25] [26] [27] Prosthetic joint infection and endocarditis have been shown to be caused by V. dispar . [28] [29] Although very rare, endocarditis has also been caused by V. montpellierensis and V. alcalescens . [29]

A large percentage of Veillonella species are resistant to penicillin. [30] Antibiotics that Veillonella species are less resistant to or not resistant to at all include clindamycin, metronidazole, imipenem, ceftriaxone, and amoxicillin. [31] [32] [33] [34]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Megrian D, Taib N, Witwinowski J, Gribaldo S (2020). "One or two membranes? Diderm Firmicutes challenge the Gram-positive/Gram-negative divide". Molecular Microbiology . 113 (3): 659–671. doi: 10.1111/mmi.14469 . PMID   31975449.
  2. ↑ Mitsui T, Saito M, Harasawa R (2018). "Salivary nitrate-nitrite conversion capacity after nitrate ingestion and incidence of Veillonella spp. in elderly individuals". Journal of Oral Science . 60 (3): 405–410. doi: 10.2334/josnusd.17-0337 . PMID   30101819.
  3. ↑ Di Bella S, Antonello RM, Sanson G, Maraolo AE, Giacobbe DR, Sepulcri C, Ambretti S, Aschbacher R, Bartolini L, Bernardo M, Bielli A (June 2022). "Anaerobic bloodstream infections in Italy (ITANAEROBY): A 5-year retrospective nationwide survey". Anaerobe. 75: 102583. doi:10.1016/j.anaerobe.2022.102583. hdl: 11368/3020691 . PMID   35568274. S2CID   248736289.
  4. ↑ Petersen LM, Bautista EJ, Nguyen H, Hanson BM, Chen L, Lek SH, Sodergren E, Weinstock GM (December 2017). "Community characteristics of the gut microbiomes of competitive cyclists". Microbiome. 5 (1): 98. doi: 10.1186/s40168-017-0320-4 . ISSN   2049-2618. PMC   5553673 . PMID   28797298.
  5. ↑ Clarke SF, Murphy EF, O'Sullivan O, Lucey AJ, Humphreys M, Hogan A, Hayes P, O'Reilly M, Jeffery IB, Wood-Martin R, Kerins DM, Quigley E, Ross RP, O'Toole PW, Molloy MG (December 2014). "Exercise and associated dietary extremes impact on gut microbial diversity". Gut. 63 (12): 1913–1920. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2013-306541. ISSN   0017-5749. PMID   25021423.
  6. ↑ Scheiman J, Luber JM, Chavkin TA, MacDonald T, Tung A, Pham LD, Wibowo MC, Wurth RC, Punthambaker S, Tierney BT, Yang Z, Hattab MW, Avila-Pacheco J, Clish CB, Lessard S (July 2019). "Meta-omics analysis of elite athletes identifies a performance-enhancing microbe that functions via lactate metabolism". Nature Medicine. 25 (7): 1104–1109. doi:10.1038/s41591-019-0485-4. ISSN   1078-8956. PMC   7368972 . PMID   31235964.
  7. ↑ Kimura I, Inoue D, Maeda T, Hara T, Ichimura A, Miyauchi S, Kobayashi M, Hirasawa A, Tsujimoto G (2011-05-10). "Short-chain fatty acids and ketones directly regulate sympathetic nervous system via G protein-coupled receptor 41 (GPR41)". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 108 (19): 8030–8035. Bibcode:2011PNAS..108.8030K. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1016088108 . ISSN   0027-8424. PMC   3093469 . PMID   21518883.
  8. ↑ Pluznick JL, Protzko RJ, Gevorgyan H, Peterlin Z, Sipos A, Han J, Brunet I, Wan LX, Rey F, Wang T, Firestein SJ, Yanagisawa M, Gordon JI, Eichmann A, Peti-Peterdi J (2013-03-12). "Olfactory receptor responding to gut microbiota-derived signals plays a role in renin secretion and blood pressure regulation". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 110 (11): 4410–4415. Bibcode:2013PNAS..110.4410P. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1215927110 . ISSN   0027-8424. PMC   3600440 . PMID   23401498.
  9. ↑ Chambers ES, Byrne CS, Aspey K, Chen Y, Khan S, Morrison DJ, Frost G (April 2018). "Acute oral sodium propionate supplementation raises resting energy expenditure and lipid oxidation in fasted humans". Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism. 20 (4): 1034–1039. doi:10.1111/dom.13159. ISSN   1462-8902. PMC   5873405 . PMID   29134744.
  10. ↑ Dong JG (May 2016). "The role of heart rate variability in sports physiology". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine. 11 (5): 1531–1536. doi:10.3892/etm.2016.3104. ISSN   1792-0981. PMC   4840584 . PMID   27168768.
  11. ↑ Ranković G, Mutavdžić V, Toskić D, Preljević A, Kocić M, Nedin-Ranković G, Damjanović N (2010-02-20). "Aerobic Capacity as An Indicator in Different Kinds of Sports". Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences. 10 (1): 44–48. doi:10.17305/bjbms.2010.2734. ISSN   1840-4812. PMC   5596610 . PMID   20192930.
  12. ↑ Gemmink A, Schrauwen P, Hesselink MK (August 2020). "Exercising your fat (metabolism) into shape: a muscle-centred view". Diabetologia. 63 (8): 1453–1463. doi:10.1007/s00125-020-05170-z. ISSN   0012-186X. PMC   7351830 . PMID   32529413.
  13. ↑ Scheiman J, Luber JM, Chavkin TA, MacDonald T, Tung A, Pham LD, Wibowo MC, Wurth RC, Punthambaker S, Tierney BT, Yang Z, Hattab MW, Avila-Pacheco J, Clish CB, Lessard S, Church GM, Kostic AD (24 June 2019). "Meta-omics analysis of elite athletes identifies a performance-enhancing microbe that functions via lactate metabolism". Nature Medicine. 25 (7): 1104–1109. doi:10.1038/s41591-019-0485-4. PMC   7368972 . PMID   31235964.
  14. ↑ A.C. Parte, et al. "Veillonella". List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN). Retrieved 2025-02-28.
  15. ↑ C.L. Schoch, et al. "Veillonella". National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy database. Retrieved 2025-02-28.
  16. ↑ "The LTP" . Retrieved 20 November 2023.
  17. ↑ "LTP_all tree in newick format" . Retrieved 20 November 2023.
  18. ↑ "LTP_08_2023 Release Notes" (PDF). Retrieved 20 November 2023.
  19. ↑ "GTDB release 07-RS207". Genome Taxonomy Database . Retrieved 20 June 2022.
  20. ↑ "bac120_r207.sp_labels". Genome Taxonomy Database . Retrieved 20 June 2022.
  21. ↑ "Taxon History". Genome Taxonomy Database . Retrieved 20 June 2022.
  22. ↑ Nukina S, Hibi A, Nishida K (October 1989). "Bacterial Meningitis Caused by Veillonella Parvula". Pediatrics International. 31 (5): 609–614. doi:10.1111/j.1442-200X.1989.tb01363.x. ISSN   1328-8067. PMID   2515742.
  23. ↑ Bhatti MA, Frank MO (2000-09-01). "Veillonella parvula Meningitis: Case Report and Review of Veillonella Infections". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 31 (3): 839–840. doi:10.1086/314046. ISSN   1537-6591. PMID   11017846.
  24. ↑ Umeda K, Kano Y (2022). "Veillonella parvula: A rare Gram-negative coccus causing vertebral osteomyelitis". IDCases. 27: e01417. doi:10.1016/j.idcr.2022.e01417. ISSN   2214-2509. PMC   8802884 . PMID   35127449.
  25. ↑ Singh N, Yu VL (1992-01-01). "Osteomyelitis Due to Veillonella parvula: Case Report and Review". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 14 (1): 361–363. doi:10.1093/clinids/14.1.361. ISSN   1058-4838. PMID   1571454.
  26. ↑ Matera G, Muto V, Vinci M, Zicca E, Abdollahi-Roodsaz S, van de Veerdonk FL, Kullberg BJ, Liberto MC, van der Meer JW, Focà A, Netea MG, Joosten LA (December 2009). "Receptor Recognition of and Immune Intracellular Pathways for Veillonella parvula Lipopolysaccharide". Clinical and Vaccine Immunology. 16 (12): 1804–1809. doi:10.1128/CVI.00310-09. ISSN   1556-6811. PMC   2786383 . PMID   19828771.
  27. ↑ Prakash PO, Rayasam K, Chaitanya KV, Peddireddy V (2023), "Biofilms: cities of microorganisms", Bacterial Survival in the Hostile Environment, Elsevier, pp. 131–148, doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-91806-0.00017-5, ISBN   978-0-323-91806-0 , retrieved 2024-04-09
  28. ↑ Libertin CR, Peterson JH, Brodersen MP, Huff T (2016). "A Case of Penicillin-Resistant Veillonella Prosthetic Joint Infection of the Knee". Case Reports in Orthopedics. 2016: 1–5. doi: 10.1155/2016/7171947 . ISSN   2090-6749. PMC   5165143 . PMID   28050296.
  29. 1 2 Saladi L, Zeana C, Singh M (2017). "Native Valve Endocarditis due to Veillonella Species: A Case Report and Review of the Literature". Case Reports in Infectious Diseases. 2017: 1–3. doi: 10.1155/2017/4896186 . ISSN   2090-6625. PMC   5446852 . PMID   28589047.
  30. ↑ Cobo F, Pérez-Carrasco V, García-Salcedo JA, Navarro-Marí JM (December 2020). "Bacteremia caused by Veillonella dispar in an oncological patient". Anaerobe. 66: 102285. doi:10.1016/j.anaerobe.2020.102285. PMC   7563575 . PMID   33075505.
  31. ↑ Rolfe RD, Finegold SM (November 1981). "Comparative In Vitro Activity of New Beta-Lactam Antibiotics Against Anaerobic Bacteria". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 20 (5): 600–609. doi:10.1128/AAC.20.5.600. ISSN   0066-4804. PMC   181759 . PMID   7325628.
  32. ↑ Singh N, Yu VL (1992-01-01). "Osteomyelitis Due to Veillonella parvula: Case Report and Review". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 14 (1): 361–363. doi:10.1093/clinids/14.1.361. ISSN   1058-4838. PMID   1571454.
  33. ↑ Marriott D, Stark D, Harkness J (February 2007). "Veillonella parvula Discitis and Secondary Bacteremia: a Rare Infection Complicating Endoscopy and Colonoscopy?". Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 45 (2): 672–674. doi:10.1128/JCM.01633-06. ISSN   0095-1137. PMC   1829049 . PMID   17108070.
  34. ↑ Isner-Horobeti ME, Lecocq J, Dupeyron A, De Martino SJ, Froehlig P, Vautravers P (January 2006). "Veillonella discitis. A case report". Joint Bone Spine. 73 (1): 113–115. doi:10.1016/j.jbspin.2005.02.002. PMID   16085443.

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