Veillonella parvula | |
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Species: | V. parvula |
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Veillonella parvula (Veillon and Zuber 1898) Prévot 1933 [1] | |
Veillonella parvula is a strictly anaerobic, Gram-negative, coccus-shaped bacterium in the genus Veillonella . [2] It is a normal part of the oral flora but can be associated with diseases such as periodontitis and dental caries as well as various systemic infections, including meningitis and osteomyelitis. [3] It has also been isolated from women with bacterial vaginosis and has been associated with hypertension together with Campylobacter rectus and Prevotella melaninogenica . [4]
V. parvula is unable to feed on carbohydrates, but can feed on lactate provided by Streptococcus species also found in the oral cavity. [5] Specifically, Streptococcus mutans and V. parvula can form multispecies biofilms that lead to a lower susceptibility to antimicrobial treatments, resulting in periodontitis and dental caries. [6]
V. parvula bacteria are susceptible to and typically treated with metronidazole and penicillin in clinical reports. [7] [8] [9] [10] Other antibiotics that have been shown to be active against V. parvula include cephalosporin, clindamycin, and chloramphenicol. [7]
There have been several reports of antibiotic resistance in V. parvula isolates in different countries. [11] [12] [13] In Greece, V. parvula isolates were found to be somewhat resistant to penicillin, ampicillin, piperacillin/tazobactam, clindamycin, and moxifloxacin, with no reported resistance to metronidazole. [13] [14] In Taiwan, V. parvula isolates were found to be resistant against metronidazole. [15] These findings represent the growing issue of antibiotic resistance worldwide.[ citation needed ]
Mashima I, Nakazawa F (August 2014). "The influence of oral Veillonella species on biofilms formed by Streptococcus species". Anaerobe. 28: 54–61. doi:10.1016/j.anaerobe.2014.05.003. PMID 24862495.