The Virginia Natural Area Preserve System is a system of protected areas in the state of Virginia. It is managed by the Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation.
As of 2024 [update] , there are sixty-six (66) dedicated preserves in Virginia totaling 61,153 acres (247.48 km2). These preserves contain examples of some of the rarest natural communities in the state; in addition, many serve as a home for locally, nationally, and globally rare species. [1]
In 1986, the Virginia Natural Heritage Program was formed through a cooperative agreement between the Commonwealth of Virginia and The Nature Conservancy. In 1988 the program was placed under the control of the Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation (DCR). To further the Natural Heritage Program's mission to conserve and manage sites identified as significant natural areas within the state, The Virginia Natural Area Preserve System was established in 1989. [2] [3]
The system's first preserve, North Landing River Natural Area Preserve, was established in 1990. By 2007, the preserve system included 50 protected areas. [4]
The Virginia Natural Area Preserve System is managed as part of the Natural Heritage Program of the Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation, with the purpose of protecting threatened or rare plants, animals, and natural communities. [5]
To become a part of the system, a Natural Area Preserve must be accepted by the director of the Department of Conservation and Recreation, although they may be initially dedicated by other departments and agencies of the Commonwealth of Virginia. [6] Natural Area Preserves may be acquired by the Commonwealth of Virginia, or may continue to be owned by independent conservation organizations or other private landowners. Dedication itself is similar to a conservation easement, as it places certain legal strictures on future development of a given portion of land. [1]
Most properties are owned by the state's Department of Conservation and Recreation. However, some are owned by local governments, universities, private citizens, and independent conservation organizations, such as The Nature Conservancy. [1]
Many state-owned properties are freely open to the public for low-impact uses, such as hiking and birdwatching. However, some state-owned properties with rare and/or species and habitats require that arrangements be made with a state-employed land steward prior to visitation.
Privately held properties may restrict public access, although sometimes it can be arranged in coordination with a preserve's owner. [7]
Access to any individual Virginia Natural Area Preserve may be temporarily restricted or closed when it is determined as necessary to protect sensitive plant and animal populations within the preserve, for seasonal migration habitat, or for habitat management and ecological restoration activities, such as prescribed burns. Visitor impactful activities, such as camping, hunting, fishing, timber cutting, campfires, vegetation harvesting, and motorized trail vehicles are typically forbidden at all preserves. [1]
The following table lists Virginia's Natural Area Preserves as of February 2024 [update] . Those listed as being accessible "by arrangement" require prospective visitors to contact either state-employed land stewards, private property owners, or both. [1]
Preserve name | County or counties [8] | Area [8] | Owner [8] | Public access? [8] | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Antioch Pines | Isle of Wight | 1,157 acres (4.68 km2) | DCR | By arrangement | |
Bald Knob | Franklin | 112 acres (0.45 km2) | DCR | No | |
Bethel Beach | Mathews | 105 acres (0.42 km2) | DCR | Yes | |
Big Spring Bog | Grayson | 50 acres (0.20 km2) | DCR | By arrangement | |
Blackwater Ecological Preserve | Isle of Wight | 319 acres (1.29 km2) | Old Dominion University | By arrangement | |
Blackwater Sandhills | Isle of Wight | 815 acres (3.30 km2) | Isle of Wight County | No | |
Buffalo Mountain | Floyd | 1,146 acres (4.64 km2) | DCR | Yes | |
Bull Run Mountains | Fauquier, Prince William | 2,486 acres (10.06 km2) | Virginia Outdoors Foundation | Yes | No dogs allowed on property. Highpoint Cliffs area is closed to the public. |
Bush Mill Stream | Northumberland | 144 acres (0.58 km2) | DCR | Yes | |
Camp Branch Wetlands | Floyd | 147 acres (0.59 km2) | Private | No | |
Cape Charles Coastal Habitat | Northampton | 50 acres (0.20 km2) | DCR | Yes | |
Cave Hill | Augusta | 89 acres (0.36 km2) | Madison Cave Hill LLC | No | |
The Cedars | Lee | 2,265 acres (9.17 km2) | DCR | By arrangement | |
The Channels | Washington, Russell | 721 acres (2.92 km2) | Virginia Department of Forestry | Yes | |
Cherry Orchard Bog | Sussex, Prince George | 354 acres (1.43 km2) | DCR | By arrangement | |
Chestnut Creek Wetlands | Floyd | 244 acres (0.99 km2) | DCR | By arrangement | |
Chestnut Ridge | Giles, Bland | 1,596 acres (6.46 km2) | DCR | By arrangement | |
Chotank Creek | King George | 1,108 acres (4.48 km2) | Private | No | |
Chub Sandhill | Sussex | 1,066 acres (4.31 km2) | DCR | Yes | |
Cleveland Barrens | Russell | 1,288 acres (5.21 km2) | DCR/The Nature Conservancy | By arrangement | |
Clover Hollow | Giles | 25 acres (0.10 km2) | DCR | By permission | Access permitted only for the purpose of data collection and monitoring. [9] |
Cowbane Prairie | Augusta | 147 acres (0.59 km2) | DCR | By arrangement | |
Crawford's Knob | Nelson | 1,387 acres (5.61 km2) | Private | By arrangement | |
Crow's Nest | Stafford | 3,115 acres (12.61 km2) | Stafford County | Yes | |
Cumberland Marsh | New Kent | 1,095 acres (4.43 km2) | The Nature Conservancy | Yes | |
Cypress Bridge | Southampton | 553 acres (2.24 km2) | DCR | By arrangement | |
Dameron Marsh | Northumberland | 316 acres (1.28 km2) | DCR | Yes | |
Deep Run Ponds | Rockingham | 907 acres (3.67 km2) | DCR | By arrangement | |
Dendron Swamp | Sussex | 636 acres (2.57 km2) | DCR | By arrangement | Contains the 19-acre (7.7 ha) Charles C. Steirly Natural Area, an essentially virgin bald cypress swamp that was designated a National Natural Landmark in 1974. [10] |
Difficult Creek | Halifax | 821 acres (3.32 km2) | DCR | Yes | |
Dundas Granite Flatrock | Brunswick | 11 acres (0.045 km2) | Private | By arrangement | |
Elklick Woodlands | Fairfax | 226 acres (0.91 km2) | Fairfax County Park Authority | By arrangement | |
False Cape | Virginia Beach | 3,573 acres (14.46 km2) | DCR | Yes | |
Fletcher Ford | Lee | 54.5 acres (0.221 km2) | The Nature Conservancy | By arrangement | |
Folly Mills Creek Fen | Augusta | 28 acres (0.11 km2) | Private | By arrangement | |
Goshen Pass | Rockbridge | 936 acres (3.79 km2) | DCR | Yes | |
Grafton Ponds | York | 375 acres (1.52 km2) | Newport News | Yes | |
Grassy Hill | Franklin | 1,440 acres (5.8 km2) | DCR | Yes | |
Grayson Glades | Grayson | 53 acres (0.21 km2) | DCR | By arrangement | |
Hickory Hollow | Lancaster | 254 acres (1.03 km2) | Northern Neck Audubon Society | Yes | |
Hughlett Point | Northumberland | 204 acres (0.83 km2) | DCR | Yes | |
Johnsons Creek | Alleghany | 99 acres (0.40 km2) | DCR | By arrangement | |
Lyndhurst Ponds | Augusta | 376 acres (1.52 km2) [11] | DCR | By arrangement | |
Magothy Bay | Northampton | 445 acres (1.80 km2) | DCR | Yes | |
Mark's and Jack's Island | Accomack | 2,305 acres (9.33 km2) | The Nature Conservancy | By arrangement | |
Mill Creek Springs | Montgomery | 222 acres (0.90 km2) | The Nature Conservancy | By arrangement | |
Mount Joy Pond | Augusta | 359 acres (1.45 km2) | DCR | By arrangement | |
Mutton Hunk Fen | Accomack | 516 acres (2.09 km2) | DCR | Yes | |
Naked Mountain | Nelson | 356 acres (1.44 km2) | Private | By arrangement | |
New Point Comfort | Mathews | 105 acres (0.42 km2) | The Nature Conservancy | Yes | |
North Landing River | Virginia Beach | 3,441 acres (13.93 km2) | DCR | No | After a decade of closure due to illegal activities, this preserve was scheduled to re-open for public use in 2016 or 2017. [12] |
Northwest River | Chesapeake | 2,788 acres (11.28 km2) | DCR | By arrangement | |
Ogdens Cave | Frederick | 131 acres (0.53 km2) | DCR | By arrangement | |
Parkers Marsh | Accomack | 759 acres (3.07 km2) | DCR | Yes | |
Parramore Island | Accomack | 7,000 acres (28 km2) | The Nature Conservancy | By arrangement | Access permitted for research or educational purposes only. [13] |
Pedlar Hills Glades | Montgomery | 1,177 acres (4.76 km2) | DCR | By arrangement | |
Pickett's Harbor | Northampton | 125 acres (0.51 km2) | DCR | By arrangement | |
Piney Grove Flatwoods | Sussex | 446 acres (1.80 km2) | The Nature Conservancy | By arrangement | |
Pinnacle | Russell | 1,147 acres (4.64 km2) | DCR | Yes | |
Poor Mountain | Roanoke | 1,404 acres (5.68 km2) | DCR | Yes | |
Redrock Mountain | Smyth | 640 acres (2.6 km2) | DCR | By arrangement | |
Savage Neck Dunes | Northampton | 298 acres (1.21 km2) | DCR | Yes | |
Sweet Springs | Montgomery | 235 acres (0.95 km2) | Private | By arrangement | |
South Quay Sandhills | Southampton, City of Suffolk | 3,753 acres (15.19 km2) | DCR/The Nature Conservancy | By arrangement | |
Unthanks Cave | Lee | 171 acres (0.69 km2) | DCR | By permission | Access permitted only for the purpose of data collection and monitoring. [14] |
Wreck Island | Northampton | 1,380 acres (5.6 km2) | DCR | Yes |
The Department of Conservation and Recreation (DCR) is a state agency of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, United States, situated in the Executive Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs. It is best known for its parks and parkways. The DCR's mission is "To protect, promote and enhance our common wealth of natural, cultural and recreational resources for the well-being of all." The agency is the largest landowner in Massachusetts.
The Office of Kentucky Nature Preserves is an agency of the Commonwealth of Kentucky in the United States dedicated to the protection of Kentucky's natural heritage. The agency's primary focus is protecting rare and endangered species habitat. It oversees a statewide program of nature preserves, the Kentucky Wild Rivers Program, and the "Nature's Finest" license plate program of the Kentucky Heritage Land Conservation Fund Board. The program was formerly known as the "Kentucky State Nature Preserves Commission", from 1976 until a reorganization in 2018.
Caledon State Park is a 2,579-acre (10.44 km2) state park located in King George, Virginia. As of 2010, the yearly visitation was 49,328. The property was initially owned by the Alexander brothers, founders of the city of Alexandria, and was established in 1659 as Caledon Plantation. Ownership passed, in 1974, to the Commonwealth of Virginia.
The Antioch Pines Natural Area Preserve is a 1,157-acre (4.68 km2) Natural Area Preserve located along the Blackwater River near Zuni, Virginia. It contains growths of loblolly pine and turkey oak, and supports various species that are rare in Virginia, including Plukenet's flatsedge, sandy-woods chaffhead and viperina; in addition, swales support various species of wildflowers, including orchids, trilliums, bellworts and lilies. Also on the property are a pair of longleaf pines which represent some of the last of the species in Virginia; they are currently the subject of a breeding program by the Virginia Department of Forestry designed to restore the pines to their former habitat.
Cherry Orchard Bog Natural Area Preserve is a 354-acre (143 ha) Natural Area Preserve located in Sussex and Prince George counties, Virginia. The preserve is owned and maintained by the Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation (DCR). It does not include improvements for public access, and visitors must make arrangements with a state-employed land steward prior to visiting. The preserve is located along the right of way for a power line, receiving acidic, low-nutrient groundwater.
Chestnut Creek Wetlands Natural Area Preserve is a 244-acre (99 ha) Natural Area Preserve located in Floyd County, Virginia. Local wetlands support several rare species, while the upland slopes support northern hardwoods including beech, birch, and maple. The area has a long farming and grazing history, but the wetlands have survived, dominated by sedges and grasses with few trees and shrubs. The property was acquired using a voter-approved state government bond and a recovery grant from the United States Fish and Wildlife Service.
Chotank Creek Natural Area Preserve is a 1,108-acre (4.48 km2) Natural Area Preserve located in King George County, Virginia. The preserve is situated east of Caledon State Park, and borders the Potomac River to which the preserve's namesake, Chotank Creek, is a tributary. It is part of the larger Cedar Grove farm, which is protected by a conservation easement. The preserve was dedicated in 2001 through an agreement with the property's private landowner.
Clover Hollow Natural Area Preserve is a Natural Area Preserve located in Giles County, Virginia. The 25-acre (10 ha) preserve protects Stay High Cave, which houses seven rare cave-dwelling invertebrate species, three of which are only known from the county's Sinking Creek Valley. More common species, such as salamanders, crickets, harvestmen, spiders, crayfish, and bats, also live within the cave's streams, riparian mud banks, and drip pools. Most water in the cave stream comes from forested slopes.
Cowbane Prairie Natural Area Preserve is a 156-acre (63 ha) Natural Area Preserve located in Augusta County, Virginia, along the western slope of the Blue Ridge in the Shenandoah Valley. It preserves both mesic and wet prairie habitats, as well as a calcareous spring-fed marsh; these areas contain eleven regionally rare plants such as queen-of-the-prairie, blueflag iris, and marsh-speedwell. Although common in the Midwest, these plants occur only at a handful of sites in Virginia.
Dameron Marsh Natural Area Preserve is a 316-acre (128 ha) Natural Area Preserve located in Northumberland County, Virginia. It is one in a series of protected areas lining the shores of the Chesapeake Bay, and contains one of the region's most significant wetlands for marsh-bird habitats. Its pristine beaches serve as a home for the northeastern beach tiger beetle. Some of the land had been used in the past for agriculture, however these former fields were restored to forest through the combined efforts of the Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation, The Nature Conservancy, and the United States Army Corps of Engineers.
Deep Run Ponds Natural Area Preserve is a 907-acre (3.67 km2) Natural Area Preserve in Rockingham County, Virginia. The preserve contains one of the largest remaining systems of Shenandoah Valley sinkhole ponds in Virginia. Such ponds are found in Rockingham and Augusta counties; their water levels fluctuate throughout the year. The preserve's eight sinkhole ponds support a variety of rare plant and animal life; two ponds support the rare Virginia sneezeweed, while others contain black-fruited spikerush, northern St. John's-wort, Buxbaum's sedge, and northern bog clubmoss.
False Cape Natural Area Preserve is a 3,573-acre (14.46 km2) Natural Area Preserve located in Virginia Beach, Virginia, just north of the state border with North Carolina. The preserve covers a one-by-six-mile strip of largely undeveloped land located on False Cape between the Atlantic Ocean and Back Bay, and is one of the most undisturbed areas of coastal habitat remaining in the Mid-Atlantic.
Folly Mills Creek Fen Natural Area Preserve is a Natural Area Preserve located in Augusta County, Virginia. The preserve was dedicated in 1998, and was the first privately owned Natural Area Preserve to be dedicated in the state.
Goshen Pass Natural Area Preserve is a 936-acre (3.79 km2) Natural Area Preserve located in Rockbridge County, Virginia. The oldest state-managed natural area in Virginia, it was first acquired in 1954 to help protect views of the gorge along the Maury River. The site contains stands of chestnut oak, pine-oak-heath woodland, rocky scrub communities, regionally rare plants such as freshwater cordgrass, and habitat for the Appalachian jewelwing, a locally rare damselfly. The site was dedicated as a preserve in 2001.
Mount Joy Pond Natural Area Preserve is a 359-acre (1.45 km2) Natural Area Preserve located in Augusta County, Virginia in the United States. Located on the western side of the Blue Ridge Mountains, it supports a large population of the rare Virginia sneezeweed. This and other plants are associated with a large sinkhole pond, the centerpiece of the property; fewer than two dozen such ponds remain in Augusta and neighboring Rockingham County. Much of the surrounding landscape consists of hardwoods and pines.
Naked Mountain Natural Area Preserve is a 356-acre (1.44 km2) Natural Area Preserve located in Nelson County, Virginia. The preserve was dedicated in 2006.
Pedlar Hills Glades Natural Area Preserve is a 1,177-acre (4.76 km2) Natural Area Preserve located in Montgomery County, Virginia. Rising over the South Fork of the Roanoke River, it supports numerous rare plants and natural communities, including a dolomite barren. Among the species found within the preserve are tall gay-feather and Addison's leatherflower, the latter endemic to Virginia.
The Cedars Natural Area Preserve is a Natural Area Preserve located in Lee County, Virginia. It protects rare plant and animal species adapted to the unique conditions of a karst landscape.
Clinch River State Park is a river-based state park in Tazewell, Russell, Wise, and Scott counties in Southwest Virginia. It was dedicated by Gov. Ralph Northam on 16 June 2021 as the 41st park in the Virginia State Park system. The park preserves some of the most scenic and ecologically diverse parts of the Clinch River. It is the first "blueway" park in the Commonwealth.