1060

1060 in various calendars

Gregorian calendar	1060 MLX
Ab urbe condita	1813
Armenian calendar	509 ԹՎ ՇԹ
Assyrian calendar	5810
Balinese saka calendar	981–982
Bengali calendar	466–467
Berber calendar	2010
English Regnal year	N/A
Buddhist calendar	1604
Burmese calendar	422
Byzantine calendar	6568–6569
Chinese calendar	己亥年 (Earth  Pig) 3757 or 3550     — to — 庚子年 (Metal  Rat) 3758 or 3551
Coptic calendar	776–777
Discordian calendar	2226
Ethiopian calendar	1052–1053
Hebrew calendar	4820–4821
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1116–1117
- Shaka Samvat	981–982
- Kali Yuga	4160–4161
Holocene calendar	11060
Igbo calendar	60–61
Iranian calendar	438–439
Islamic calendar	451–452
Japanese calendar	Kōhei 3 (康平３年)
Javanese calendar	963–964
Julian calendar	1060 MLX
Korean calendar	3393
Minguo calendar	852 before ROC 民前852年
Nanakshahi calendar	−408
Seleucid era	1371/1372 AG
Thai solar calendar	1602–1603
Tibetan calendar	ས་མོ་ཕག་ལོ་ (female Earth-Boar) 1186 or 805 or 33     — to — ལྕགས་ཕོ་བྱི་བ་ལོ་ (male Iron-Rat) 1187 or 806 or 34

King Béla I of Hungary (c. 1015–1063)

Year 1060 ( MLX ) was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar. It was the 1060th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 60th year of the 2nd millennium, the 60th year of the 11th century, and the first year of the 1060s decade.

Events

By place

Europe

• August 4 – King Henry I of France (of the House of Capet) dies after a 29-year reign in Vitry-aux-Loges. He is succeeded by his 8-year-old son Philip I ("the Amorous") as king of France. Philip is too young to rule, and his mother, Queen Anne of Kiev becomes regent. France is administered by Count Baldwin V (one of Philip's uncles) who acts as co-regent. ^{[1] [2] [3]}
• Summer – Norman forces under Duke Robert Guiscard invade Apulia, and capture the cities of Taranto and Brindisi (under control of the Byzantine Empire). Guiscard prepares a Sicilian expedition against the Saracens and returns to Calabria (Southern Italy), where his brother Roger Bosso waits with siege engines. ^{[4] [5] [6]}
• December 6 – Béla I ("the Champion") is crowned king of Hungary after his nephew, Solomon is deprived of the crown. He is supported by Duke Bolesław II the Generous – who helps him (with Polish troops) to obtain the Hungarian throne. ^{[7] [8] [9]}

China

• The compilation of the New Book of Tang is completed, under a team of scholars led by Ouyang Xiu. ^{[10] [11] [12]}

Middle East

• August 30 — The Mirdasids under Mahmud ibn Nasr defeat the Fatimid Caliphate's army under Nasir al-Dawla Ibn Hamdan at the Battle of al-Funaydiq, leading to the definitive loss of Aleppo for the Fatimids. ^[13]

By topic

Religion

• Anselm enters the Benedictine Bec Abbey in Normandy, as a novice (approximate date). ^{[14] [15] [16]}

Births

• February 9 – Honorius II, pope of the Catholic Church (d. 1130) ^[17]
• September 18 – Godfrey of Bouillon, French nobleman (d. 1100) ^{[18] [19] [20]}
• September 22 – Vitalis of Savigny, Catholic saint and itinerant preacher (d. 1122) ^[21]
• Ava (or Ava of Göttweig), German poet (approximate date) ^{[22] [23]}
• Aibert (or Aybert), French monk and hermit (d. 1140) ^{[24] [25]}
• Bernard degli Uberti, bishop of Parma (approximate date) ^{[26] [27]}
• Berthold I, German nobleman (approximate date) ^[28]
• Berthold of Garsten, German priest and abbot (d. 1142) ^[29]
• Brahmadeva, Indian mathematician (d. 1130) ^{[30] [31]}
• Clementia of Aquitaine, French noblewoman (d. 1142) ^[32]
• Diarmait Ua Briain, king of Munster (d. 1118) ^[33]
• Duncan II, king of Scotland (approximate date) ^[34]
• Constantius Ducas, Byzantine emperor (d. 1081) ^[35]
• Diemoth (or Diemudis), German nun and writer (d. 1130) ^{[36] [37]}
• Egbert II, German nobleman (approximate date) ^[38]
• Erard I, French nobleman (approximate date) ^[39]
• Eric I (the Good), king of Denmark (approximate date)^{[ citation needed ]}
• Felicia of Roucy, queen of Aragon and Navarre (d. 1123)^{[ citation needed ]}
• Fujiwara no Mototoshi, Japanese nobleman (d. 1142) ^{[40] [41] [42]}
• Gaucherius, French priest and hermit (d. 1140) ^{[43] [44] [45]}
• Godfrey I, count of Louvain (approximate date) ^{[46] [47] [48]}
• Goswin I, count of Heinsberg (approximate date) ^[49]
• Gregory of Catino, Italian monk and historian ^{[50] [51] [52]}
• Hamelin de Ballon, Norman nobleman (approximate date) ^{[53] [54]}
• Herman II, margrave of Baden (approximate date) ^[55]
• Hui Zong, Chinese emperor (Western Xia) (d. 1086) ^[56]
• Mafalda of Pulla-Calabria, Norman noblewoman (d. 1108) ^{[57] [58] [59]}
• Odo of Tournai, bishop of Cambrai (d. 1113) ^{[60] [61] [62]}
• Odo I (the Red), duke of Burgundy (d. 1102) ^[63]
• Olegarius, archbishop of Tarragona (d. 1137) ^{[64] [65]}
• Ranulf Flambard, bishop of Durham (d. 1128) ^{[66] [67] [68]}
• Richard of Salerno, Norman nobleman (approximate date)
• Roger Borsa, Norman nobleman (or 1061) ^{[69] [70] [71]}
• Stephen Harding, English abbot (approximate date)
• Tokushi, Japanese empress consort (d. 1114) ^{[72] [73] [74]}
• Walo II (or Galon II), French nobleman (d. 1098) ^{[75] [ citation needed ]}

Deaths

• January 18 – Duduc (or Dudoc), bishop of Wells ^{[76] [77] [78]}
• May 12 – Matilda, duchess of Swabia (d. 1048) ^{[79] [80]}
• August 4 – Henry I, king of France (b. 1008) ^{[81] [82] [83]}
• October 2 – Everelmus, French hermit ^{[84] [85]}
• October 8 – Hugh V, French nobleman ^{[86] [87] [88]}
• October 15 – Luka Zhidiata, bishop of Novgorod ^{[89] [90]}
• November 14 – Geoffrey II, count of Anjou ^{[91] [92] [93]}
• December 2 – Gebhard III, bishop of Regensburg ^{[94] [95] [96]}
• December 22 – Cynesige, archbishop of York ^{[97] [98] [99]}
• Abbas ibn Shith, king ( malik ) of the Ghurid Dynasty ^[100]
• Abdallah ibn Al-Aftas, founder of the Aftasid Dynasty ^[101]
• Ahimaaz ben Paltiel, Italian-Jewish liturgical poet (b. 1017) ^{[102] [103] [104]}
• Andrew I (the Catholic), king of Hungary ^{[105] [106] [107]}
• Chaghri Beg, co-ruler of the Seljuk Empire (b. 989) ^{[108] [109] [110]}
• Dharma Pala, ruler of the Pala Dynasty (b. 1035) ^[111]
• Dominic Loricatus, Italian monk and hermit (b. 995) ^{[112] [113] [114]}
• Emund the Old, king of Sweden (approximate date) ^{[115] [116] [117]}
• Esico of Ballenstedt, German nobleman (approximate date) ^{[118] [119]}
• Igor Yaroslavich, prince of Smolensk (b. 1036) ^[120]
• Isaac I (Komnenos), Byzantine emperor ^{[121] [122]}
• Mei Yaochen, poet of the Song Dynasty (b. 1002) ^{[123] [124] [125]}
• Otto I (or Odon), count of Savoy (approximate date) ^{[126] [127] [128]}
• Pons II (or Pons William), count of Toulouse (b. 991) ^{[129] [130] [131]}
• William I, Norman nobleman (approximate date) ^{[132] [133]}

References

1. Fößel, Amalie (2013). "The Political Traditions of Female Rulership in Medieval Europe". In Bennett, Judith M.; Karras, Ruth Mazo (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of Women and Gender in Medieval Europe. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. p. 70. ISBN   9780199582174.
2. Jestice, Phyllis G. (2018). Imperial Ladies of the Ottonian Dynasty: Women and Rule in Tenth-Century Germany. Queenship and Power. Cham, Switzerland: Springer. p. 220. ISBN   9783319773063.
3. Oksanen, Eljas (2012). "Appendix I: Timeline". Flanders and the Anglo-Norman World, 1066-1216. Cambridge Studies in Medieval Life and Thought. Cambridge, UK and New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 257. ISBN   9780521760997.
4. Blewitt, Octavian (1853). "Chapter 16: Chronological Tables". Handbook for Travellers in Southern Italy: Being a Guide for the Continental Portion of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, Including the City of Naples and Its Suburbs, Pompeii, Herculaneum, Vesuvius, the Islands of the Bay of Naples, and That Portion of the Papal States, Which Lies Between the Contorni of Rome and the Neapolitan Frontier. London, Paris and Florence: John Murray. pp. lxxix.
5. Via, Anthony P. (2017). "Tancred of Hauteville, Son of". In Kleinhenz, Christopher (ed.). Medieval Italy: An Encyclopedia. Routledge Revivals. London and New York: Taylor & Francis. p. 1069. ISBN   9781351664431.
6. Chronological Tables: Comprehending the Chronology and History of the World, from the Earliest Records to the Close of the Russian War. Vol. First Division: Ancient and Medieval History A.M. 1 to A.D. 1500. London and Glasgow: Richard Griffin. 1857. p. 189.
7. Richard Brzezinski (1998). History of Poland - The Piast Dynasty, p. 19. ISBN   83-7212-019-6.
8. Borovský, Jozef (2019). "Chapter 5: Cultus Imperium - Imperial Ungaria". Chrysalis: Metamorphosis of Odium. Victoria, Canada: FriesenPress. pp. 243–244. ISBN   9781525547690.
9. Oța, Silviu (2014). The Mortuary Archaeology of the Medieval Banat (10th-14th Centuries). Leiden and Boston: BRILL. p. 86. ISBN   9789004281578.
10. Ning, Chia (2016). "Dynastic histories". In Dillon, Michael (ed.). Encyclopedia of Chinese History. London and New York: Taylor & Francis. p. 170. ISBN   9781317817161.
11. Wan, Lei (2017). "The Earliest Record on Sino-Arab Maritime Route in a Chinese Official Dynastic Book". The First Chinese Travel Record on the Arab World: Commercial and Diplomatic Communications during the Islamic Golden Age. Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: مركز الملك فيصل للبحوث والدراسات الإسلامية (King Faisal Center for Research and Islamic Studies). p. 25. ISBN   9786038206218.
12. Sung, Chia-fu (November 29, 2016). "An Ambivalent Historian: Ouyang Xiu and His New Histories". T'oung Pao. 102 (4–5): 358–406. doi:10.1163/15685322-10245P03. ISSN   0082-5433.
13. Bianquis, Thierry (1989). Damas et la Syrie sous la domination fatimide (359-468/969-1076). Deuxième tome (in French). Presses de l’Ifpo. pp. 569–571. doi:10.4000/books.ifpo.6458. ISBN   978-2-35159-526-8.
14. Saint Anselm (Archbishop of Canterbury) (2008). "Introduction: Anselm's Life and Works". In Davies, Brian; G. R., Evans (eds.). Anselm of Canterbury: The Major Works. Oxford World's Classics. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. pp. vii. ISBN   9780199540082.
15. Vaughn, Sally N. (1987). "Two: St. Anselm and Bec: Novice, Monk, Prior and Abbot, 1033 - 1092". Anselm of Bec and Robert of Meulan: The Innocence of the Dove and the Wisdom of the Serpent. Berkeley, CA, Los Angeles and London: University of California Press. p. 19. ISBN   9780520056749.
16. Vaughn, Sally N. (2016). "Chapter 2. The Bec Background: A Missionary Mentality". Archbishop Anselm 1093–1109: Bec Missionary, Canterbury Primate, Patriarch of Another World. London and New York: Routledge. p. 23. ISBN   9781317179832.
17. "The Popes and the Templars". Knights Templar. February 27, 2018. Retrieved September 22, 2023.
18. John, Simon (2017). "Chapter 2: Godfrey's Career in the West, c. 1060 - 1095". Godfrey of Bouillon: Duke of Lower Lotharingia, Ruler of Latin Jerusalem, c.1060-1100. Rulers of the Latin East. London and New York: Routledge. ISBN   9781317126300.
19. Browning, Charles Henry (1969) [1883]. "Pedigree XCVII". Americans of Royal Descent: Collection of Genealogies Showing the Lineal Descent from Kings of Some American Families ... (Seventh ed.). Baltimore, MD: Genealogical Publishing Company. p. 425. ISBN   9780806300542.
20. Smith, Charles Edward (March 1948). "The Ancestry and Life of Godfrey of Bouillon by John C. Andressohn". Indiana Magazine of History. 44 (1).
21. Feiss, Hugh; O'Brien, Maureen M.; Pepin, Ronald (November 2014). The Lives of Monastic Reformers 2: Abbot Vitalis of Savigny, Abbot Godfrey of Savigny, Peter of Avranches, and Blessed Hamo. Liturgical Press. ISBN   9780879076931 . Retrieved March 8, 2023.
22. Strunz, Gunnar (2014). Niederösterreich: Mit Wachau, Waldviertel, Weinviertel und Mostviertel (in German). Berlin: Trescher Verlag. p. 108. ISBN   9783897942936.
23. Nickel, Claudia (2007). Das Leben der Frau Ava: Hauptseminararbeit (in German). Norderstedt, Germany: GRIN Verlag. ISBN   9783638734936.
24. Butler, Alban (1798). "St. Aibert, Recluse". The Lives of the Primitive Fathers, Martyrs, and Other Principal Saints Compiled from Original Monuments and Other Authentic Records. Vol. IV (Third ed.). Edinburgh, London and Newcastle: J. Moir. p. 76.
25. Sausseret, Paul (1854). "XXXV: Apparition a Saint Aibert, reclus". Apparitions et révélations de la Très Sainte Vierge depuis l'origine du Christianisme à nos jours (in French). Paris, France: Vivès. p. 162.
26. Petrella, Giancarlo (2004). L'officina del geografo: la "Descrittione di tutta Italia" di Leandro Alberti e gli studi geografico-antiquari tra Quattro e Cinquecento: con un saggio di edizione (Lombardia-Toscana) (in Italian). Milan, Italy: Vita e Pensiero. p. 434. ISBN   9788834311202.
27. Affò, Ireneo; Patrini, Giuseppe (1788). Vita di San Bernardo degli Uberti abate gen. di Vallombrosa cardinale di s. Chiesa e vescovo di Parma scritta dal padre Ireneo Affò minor osservante bibliotecario di sua altezza reale a professor onorario di storia nella r. università (in Italian). Parma, Italy: Presso Filippo Carmignani. pp. 100–101.
28. "Tracing Mobility" , Women's Genealogies in the Medieval Literary Imagination, Cambridge University Press, pp. 89–124, March 21, 2024, doi:10.1017/9781009434720.005, ISBN   978-1-009-43472-0 , retrieved October 27, 2024
29. Pritz, F. X. (1842). Kurzgefasste Lebensgeschichte des hl. Berthold, ersten Abtes des einstigen Benediktiner-Klosters Garsten in Lände ob der Enns, sammt frommen Betrachtungen zur, Jubelfeier am 27 Jul. 1842 (in German). Linz, Austria: Quir. Haslinger. p. 10.
30. Rana, Lalita (2013). "Evolution of modern geographical thinking and disciplinary trends in India" (PDF). The Association for Geographical Studies: 2. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022.
31. Handa, Nidhi (August 2018). "Journey of Indian Mathematics from Vedic Era" (PDF). International Journal for Environmental Rehabilitation and Conservation. IX (1): 217–221. doi: 10.31786/09756272.18.9.1.127 (inactive July 1, 2025). ISSN   0975-6272. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022.
32. "Clementia (Von Gleiberg) of Aquitaine b. 1060 d. 4 Jan 1141-1142: The Douglas Archives". www.douglashistory.co.uk. Retrieved August 6, 2019.
33. Duffy, Seán (January 15, 2005). Medieval Ireland: An Encyclopedia. Routledge. p. 781. ISBN   978-1-135-94824-5.
34. Potter, Philip J. (2009). Gothic Kings of Britain: The Lives of 31 Medieval Rulers, 1016-1399. Jefferson, NC and London: McFarland. p. 126. ISBN   9780786452484.
35. Bernard, Floris; Demoen, Kristoffel (2012). Poetry and its Contexts in Eleventh-century Byzantium. London and New York: Routledge. p. 92. ISBN   9781317079422.
36. Mayer, Joseph Maria (1869). Das Bayern-buch: Geschichtsbilder und sagen aus der vorzeit der Bayern, Franken und Schwaben (in German). Munich, Germany: Lindauer. pp.  231. 1060 Diemud.
37. "Diemoth - Encyclopedia Volume - Catholic Encyclopedia". Catholic Online. Retrieved August 7, 2019.
38. KG, Fritz Rudolf Künker GmbH & Co. Künker Auktion 121 - The De Wit Collection of Medieval Coins. Numismatischer Verlag Künker. p. 262.
39. Krause, Herbert; Krause, Carolyn (2013). Our Cup Runneth Over: Our Story for Our Children and Their Children. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse. p. 317. ISBN   9781481712941.
40. Mostow, Joshua S. (1996). "Poem 75". Pictures of the Heart: The Hyakunin Isshu in Word and Image. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii Press. p. 363. ISBN   9780824817053.
41. Machotka, Ewa (2009). Visual Genesis of Japanese National Identity: Hokusai's Hyakunin Isshu. Brussels, Belgium: Peter Lang. p. 118. ISBN   9789052014821.
42. Lillehoj, Elizabeth (2004). Critical Perspectives on Classicism in Japanese Painting: 1600 - 1700. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii Press. p. 144. ISBN   9780824826994.
43. Butler, Alban; Burns, Paul (1999). Butler's Lives of the Saints: April. Tunbridge Wells, England and Collegeville, MN: Burns & Oates. p. 67. ISBN   9780860122531.
44. Fagnant-MacArthur, Patrice (2013). The Catholic Baby Name Book. Notre Dame, IN: Ave Maria Press. p. 167. ISBN   9781594713828.
45. Cassan, Armand (1833). Statistique de l'arrondissement de Mantes, Seine-et-Oise (in French). Mantes, France: Chez Forcade. p. 237.
46. State, Paul F. (2015). Historical Dictionary of Brussels. Lanham, MD, Boulder, CO, New York, Toronto and Plymouth, England: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 183. ISBN   9780810879218.
47. Weis, Frederick Lewis; Sheppard, Walter Lee; Beall, William Ryland; Beall, Kaleen E. (2008) [1950]. Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists who Came to America Before 1700: Lineages from Alfred the Great, Charlemagne, Malcolm of Scotland, Robert the Strong, and Other Historical Individuals (Eighth ed.). Baltimore, MD: Genealogical Publishing Company. p. 149. ISBN   9780806317526.
48. Dillon, Charles Raymond (2002). Royals and Nobles: A Genealogist's Tool. New York, Lincoln and Shanghai: Writers Club Press. p. 352. ISBN   9780595259380.
49. "Heimatverein der Heinsberger Lande e.V." cms.hv-heinsberg.de. Retrieved August 7, 2019.
50. Stroll, Mary (1997). The Medieval Abbey of Farfa: Target of Papal and Imperial Ambitions. Leiden, New York, Cologne: BRILL. p. 165. ISBN   9789004247284.
51. Boynton, Susan (2006). Shaping a Monastic Identity: Liturgy & History at the Imperial Abbey of Farfa, 1000-1125. Ithaca, NY and London: Cornell University Press. p. 18. ISBN   9780801443817.
52. Neuhofer, M. Dorothy (1999). In the Benedictine Tradition: The Origins and Early Development of Two College Libraries. Lanham, New York, Oxford: University Press of America. p. 16. ISBN   9780761814634.
53. Benson, Ann (2017). Troy House: A Tudor Estate Across Time. Cardiff, Wales: University of Wales Press. p. 15. ISBN   9781783169900.
54. "People: Hamelin de Barham; Hamelin de Ballon (Balun / Baeluns) - Monastic Wales - A Comprehensive Database of Sites and Sources". www.monasticwales.org. Retrieved August 7, 2019.
55. Anderson, James (1736). Royal Genealogies: Or, The Genealogical Tables Of Emperors, Kings and Princes, From Adam to These Times In Two Parts. James Bettenham.
56. "Huizong (Western Xia) 西夏惠宗 (Biographical details)". British Museum. Retrieved August 7, 2019.
57. Catalá, Montserrat Casanovas (2002). La memoria rescatada. Los materiales del Legado "Samuel Gili Gaya" como fuente historiográfica (in Spanish). Lleida, Spain: Universitat de Lleida. p. 94. ISBN   9788484095194.
58. Pere, Gil i Estalella; Catalans, Institut d'Estudis; Històrico-Arqueològica, Secció (2017). Història moral de Cathalunya : llibre segon de la Història cathalana (in Catalan). Barcelona, Spain: Institut d'Estudis Catalans. p. 185. ISBN   9788499651743.
59. Beraldo, Wanderley (2018). FamÍlia Beraldo (in Portuguese). Vol. II. Sao Paolo, Brazil: Clube de Autores. p. 847.
60. Tournai, Odo of; Resnick, Irven M. (2017) [1994]. "Introduction: Odo of Tournai. Tournai at the End of the Eleventh Century". On Original Sin and A Disputation with the Jew, Leo, Concerning the Advent of Christ, the Son of God: Two Theological Treatises. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 1. ISBN   9781512821642.
61. Novikoff, Alex J. (2013). The Medieval Culture of Disputation: Pedagogy, Practice, and Performance. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 179. ISBN   9780812245387.
62. Ochs, Christoph (2013). Matthaeus Adversus Christianos: The Use of the Gospel of Matthew in Jewish Polemics Against the Divinity of Jesus. Tübingen, Germany: Mohr Siebeck. p. 85. ISBN   9783161526152.
63. Novikoff, Alex J. (October 31, 2013). The Medieval Culture of Disputation: Pedagogy, Practice, and Performance. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN   978-0-8122-4538-7.
64. Davies, Norman (2012). Vanished Kingdoms: The Rise and Fall of States and Nations. New York: Penguin. ISBN   9781101545348.
65. Grifoll, Isabel (January 1, 2017). "The Culture (Ninth–Twelfth Centuries): Clerics and Troubadours" . The Crown of Aragon: 125–149. doi:10.1163/9789004349612_006. ISBN   9789004349612.
66. Staunton, Michael (2017). The Historians of Angevin England. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. p. 300. ISBN   9780198769965.
67. Dawson, Ian (1998). Treasure, Geoffrey (ed.). Who's who in British History. Vol. I: A-H. London and Chicago, IL: Taylor & Francis. pp. xxii. ISBN   9781884964909.
68. Mason, J. F. A. (2004). "Flambard, Ranulf (c. 1060–1128), administrator and bishop of Durham | Oxford Dictionary of National Biography" . Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/9667 . Retrieved August 7, 2019.(Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
69. "Roger | duke of Apulia". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved August 7, 2019.
70. "Roger Borsa, Duke of Apulia and Calabria (Biographical details)". British Museum. Retrieved August 7, 2019.
71. History (October 24, 2011). Roger Borsa. TypPRESS. ISBN   9786137807903.
72. Rodd, Laurel Rasplica, ed. (2015). Shinkokinshū: New Collection of Poems Ancient and Modern. Leiden, Boston: BRILL. p. 110. ISBN   9789004288294.
73. Fujiwara, Sukefusa; Hérail, Francine (2001). Notes journalières de Fujiwara no Sukefusa, Traduction du Shunki. Hautes Etudes Orientales - Extrême Orient (in French). Vol. 37. Geneva, Switzerland: Librairie Droz. p. 597. ISBN   9782600008969.
74. Blair, Heather (July 25, 2016). "Ladylike Religion: Ritual and Agency in the Life of an Eleventh-Century Japanese Noblewoman". History of Religions. 56 (1): 1–22. doi:10.1086/686745. ISSN   0018-2710. S2CID   163874345.
75. Barber, Malcolm (2010). Letters from the East: Crusaders, Pilgrims and Settlers in the 12th-13th Centuries. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. ISBN   978-0-7546-6356-0. Archived from the original on May 20, 2024.
76. Keynes, Simon (1997). "Giso, Bishop of Wells". In Harper-Bill, Christopher (ed.). Anglo-Norman Studies XIX: Proceedings of the Battle Conference, 1996. Woodbridge, England: Boydell & Brewer Ltd. p. 221. ISBN   9780851157078.
77. Searle, William George (2012) [1897]. Onomasticon Anglo-Saxonicum: A List of Anglo-Saxon Proper Names from the Time of Beda to that of King John. Cambridge, England and New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 171. ISBN   9781107608641.
78. Baker, Nigel; Holt, Richard (2004). Urban Growth and the Medieval Church: Gloucester and Worcester. Aldershot, England and Burlington, VT: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 22. ISBN   9780754602668.
79. Mielke, Christopher (2016). "Lifestyles of the Rich and (In?)Animate: Object Biography and the Reliquary Cross of Queen Adelaide of Hungary". In Rohr, Zita Eva; Benz, Lisa (eds.). Queenship, Gender, and Reputation in the Medieval and Early Modern West, 1060-1600. New York: Springer. pp. 5–6. ISBN   9783319312835.
80. Weinfurter, Stefan (1999). The Salian Century: Main Currents in an Age of Transition. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 185. ISBN   9780812235081.
81. Glenn, Justin (2015). The Washingtons: A Family History. Vol. 3: Royal Descents of the Presidential Branch. El Dorado Hills, CA: Savas Publishing. p. 113. ISBN   9781940669281.
82. Ingram, James (1823). The Saxon Chronicle: With an English Translation, and Notes, Critical and Explanatory. To Which Are Added Chronological, Topographical, and Glossarial Indices; a Short Grammar of the Anglo-Saxon Language, a New Map of England During the Heptarchy, Plates of Coins. London: Рипол Классик. p. 250.
83. Crabb, George (1825). Universal Historical Dictionary: Or, Explanation of the Names of Persons and Places in the Departments of Biblical, Political, and Ecclesiastical History, Mythology, Heraldry, Biography, Bibliography, Geography, and Numismatics. Illustrated by Portraits and Medallic Cuts. Vol. II. London: Baldwin, Cradock, and Joy.
84. Huyghebaert, N.-N.; Huyghebaert, N.-M. (1969). "Origines et rapports des deux monastères brugeois de Saint-Barthélemy de l'Eeckhout et de Saint-Trond". Augustiniana. 19 (1/2): 257–290. ISSN   0004-8003. JSTOR   44992193. En cet endroit un certain Everelme avait adopté la vie anachorétique en l'an 1048 et y avait persévéré douze ans; il y avait reçu la sépulture dans la petite chapelle, le 4 octobre de l'an 1060.
85. Grundmann, Herbert (December 1964). "Deutsche Eremiten, Einsiedler und Klausner im Hochmittelalter (10.-12. Jahrhundert)". Archiv für Kulturgeschichte. 45 (1): 60–90. doi:10.7788/akg-1964-4505. ISSN   0003-9233. S2CID   165337423. Erst neuerdings wurde ein alter Grabstein wiederaufgefunden", dessen Inschrift besagt, daß ein anadiorita Everelmus zwölf Jahre lang auf einer Flußinsel bei Brügge lebte und dort 1060 starb.
86. Sire, Paul (2014). King Arthur's European Realm: New Evidence from Monmouth's Primary Sources. Jefferson, NC: McFarland. p. 121. ISBN   9780786478019.
87. Weis, Frederick Lewis; Sheppard, Walter Lee; Beall, William Ryland; Beall, Kaleen E. (2008) [1950]. Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists who Came to America Before 1700: Lineages from Alfred the Great, Charlemagne, Malcolm of Scotland, Robert the Strong, and Other Historical Individuals (Eighth ed.). Baltimore, MD: Genealogical Publishing Company. p. 265. ISBN   9780806317526.
88. Knight, Gareth (2013). The Book of Melusine of Lusignan in History, Legend and Romance. Cheltenham, England: Skylight Press. p. 180. ISBN   9781908011671.
89. Melton, J. Gordon (2014). Faiths Across Time: 5,000 Years of Religious History. Vol. II: 500 - 1399 CE. Santa Barbara, CA, Denver, CO and Oxford: ABC-CLIO. p. 685. ISBN   9781610690263.
90. Kahn, Andrew; Lipovet︠s︡kiĭ, Mark Naumovich; Reyfman, Irina; Sandler, Stephanie (2018). A History of Russian Literature. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. p. 31. ISBN   9780199663941.
91. Aigner, Petra (2014). "Poetry and Networking in High Medieval France (ca. 1100): Baudri de Bourgueil and His Scholarly Contacts". In Steckel, Sita; Gaul, Niels; Grünbart, Michael (eds.). Networks of Learning: Perspectives on Scholars in Byzantine East and Latin West, C. 1000-1200. Zurich and Berlin: LIT Verlag Münster. p. 36. ISBN   9783643904577.
92. Aird, William M. (2011). "Chapter 2: The Dutiful Son". Robert 'Curthose', Duke of Normandy (C. 1050-1134). Woodbridge, England and Rochester, NY: Boydell Press. p. 31. ISBN   9781843836605.
93. Turner, Ralph V. (1995). "The Problem of Survival for the Angevin "Empire": Henry II's and His Sons' Vision versus Late Twelfth-Century Realities". The American Historical Review. 100 (1): 78–96. doi:10.2307/2167984. ISSN   0002-8762. JSTOR   2167984.
94. Loud, Graham A.; Schenk, Jochen (2017). The Origins of the German Principalities, 1100-1350: Essays by German Historians. London and New York: Taylor & Francis. pp. xix. ISBN   9781317022008.
95. Cohen, Adam S. (2000). The Uta Codex: Art, Philosophy, and Reform in Eleventh-Century Germany. University Park, PA: Penn State Press. p. 248. ISBN   9780271043708.
96. Wolfram, Herwig (2010). Conrad II, 990-1039: Emperor of Three Kingdoms. University Park, PA: Penn State Press. p. 88. ISBN   9780271048185.
97. Searle, William George (2012) [1897]. Onomasticon Anglo-Saxonicum: A List of Anglo-Saxon Proper Names from the Time of Beda to that of King John. Cambridge, England and New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 157. ISBN   9781107608641.
98. Everson, Paul; Stocker, David (2017). "Archaeology and Archiepiscopal Reform: Greater Churches in York Diocese in the 11th Century". In Hadley, Dawn M.; Dyer, Christopher (eds.). The Archaeology of the 11th Century: Continuities and Transformations. London and New York: Taylor & Francis. p. 187. ISBN   9781315312927.
99. Atkins, Ivor (1940). "The Origin of the Later Part of the Saxon Chronicle Known as D". The English Historical Review. 55 (217): 8–26. doi:10.1093/ehr/LV.CCLXVII.8. ISSN   0013-8266. JSTOR   554028.
100. Baumer, Christoph (2016). The History of Central Asia: The Age of Islam and the Mongols. Vol. III. London and New York: Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 316. ISBN   9781838609405.
101. Thomas, Joseph (2010). The Universal Dictionary of Biography and Mythology: A-clu. Cosimo Classics. Vol. I: A - CLU. New York: Cosimo, Inc. p. 28. ISBN   9781616400682.
102. Leviant, Curt (2008) [1969]. Masterpieces of Hebrew Literature: Selections from 2000 Years of Jewish Creativity. Philadelphia, PA: Jewish Publication Society. p. 241. ISBN   9780827609549.
103. Cohn-Sherbok, Dan (2010). Dictionary of Jewish Biography. London and New York: A&C Black. p. 7. ISBN   9781441197849.
104. Bonfil, Robert (2009). History and Folklore in a Medieval Jewish Chronicle: The Family Chronicle of Aḥimaʿaz ben Paltiel. Leiden and Boston: BRILL. pp. iv. ISBN   9789047427315.
105. Thomas, Joseph (2010). The Universal Dictionary of Biography and Mythology. Cosimo Classics. Vol. I: A - CLU. New York: Cosimo, Inc. p. 125. ISBN   9781616400699.
106. Bak, János M. (1998), "Roles and Functions of Queens in Árpádian and Angevin Hungary (1000–1386 A.D.)", in Parsons, John Carmi (ed.), Medieval Queenship, Palgrave Macmillan US, pp. 13–24, doi:10.1007/978-1-137-08859-8_2, ISBN   9781137088598
107. Wise, Leonard F.; Hansen, Mark Hillary; Egan, E. W. (2005) [1967]. Kings, Rulers, and Statesmen. New York: Sterling Publishing Company, Inc. p. 151. ISBN   9781402725920.
108. Morgan, David (2014) [1988]. Medieval Persia 1040-1797. A History of the Middle East. London and New York: Routledge. p. 26. ISBN   9781317871408.
109. al-Mulk, Niẓām (2002). The Book of Government, Or, Rules for Kings: The Siyar Al-Muluk, Or, Siyasat-nama of Nizam Al-Mulk. Translated by Darke, Hubert. London and New York: Psychology Press. pp. x. ISBN   9780700712281.
110. Alikuzai, Hamid Wahed (2013). A Concise History of Afghanistan in 25 Volumes. Vol. I. Victoria, Canada: Trafford Publishing. p. 172. ISBN   9781490714462.
111. Prakash, Col Ved (2007). Encyclopaedia of North-East India. Vol. 1. New Delhi, India: Atlantic Publishers & Distributors. p. 120. ISBN   9788126907038.
112. Howe, John (1997). Church Reform and Social Change in Eleventh-Century Italy: Dominic of Sora and His Patrons. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 71. ISBN   9780812234121.
113. Wixom, William D. (1997). "Byzantine Art and the Latin West". In Evans, Helen C.; Wixom, William D. (eds.). The Glory of Byzantium: Art and Culture of the Middle Byzantine Era, A.D. 843-1261. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art of New York. pp.  46. ISBN   9780870997778.
114. Smith, Katherine Allen (2011). War and the Making of Medieval Monastic Culture. Woodbridge, England: Boydell Press. pp. 190–191. ISBN   9781843836162.
115. Peterson, Gary Dean (2016). Vikings and Goths: A History of Ancient and Medieval Sweden. Jefferson, NC: McFarland. p. 239. ISBN   9781476662183.
116. Peterson, Gary Dean (2007). Warrior Kings of Sweden: The Rise of an Empire in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries. Jefferson, NC and London: McFarland. p. 8. ISBN   9781476604114.
117. Sjöberg, Anders (January 1, 1982). "Pop Upir' Lichoj and the Swedish rune-carver Ofeigr Upir". Scando-Slavica. 28 (1): 109–124. doi:10.1080/00806768208600815. ISSN   0080-6765.
118. Labouvie, Eva (2016). Frauen in Sachsen-Anhalt: Ein biographisch-bibliographisches Lexikon vom Mittelalter bis zum 18. Jahrhundert (in German). Cologne, Weimar and Vienna: Böhlau Verlag Köln Weimar. p. 368. ISBN   9783412501280.
119. Miller, Manfred (2019). Die Münzen und Medaillen von Anhalt-Aschersleben bis zum Herzogtum Anhalt (in German). Norderstedt, Germany: BoD – Books on Demand. p. 8. ISBN   9783735785787.
120. Wieczynski, Joseph L. (1994). The Modern Encyclopedia of Russian and Soviet History. Vol. 38. Academic International Press. p. 123. ISBN   9780875690643.
121. Rogers, Clifford J. (2010). The Oxford Encyclopedia of Medieval Warfare and Military Technology. Vol. I. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. p. 372. ISBN   9780195334036.
122. Böhm, Marcin (December 2018). "The Military Policy of Isaac Komnenos at the time of battle of Petroe (1057)". Open Political Science. 1 (1): 136–142. doi: 10.1515/openps-2018-0011 .
123. Jinsheng, Zheng; Kirk, Nalini; Buell, Paul D.; Unschuld, Paul U. (2018). Dictionary of the Ben Cao Gang Mu. Vol. 3: Persons and Literary Sources. Oakland, CA: University of California Press. p. 326. ISBN   9780520291973.
124. Tzu, Sun (2005). The Art of War: Complete Texts and Commentaries. Boston and London: Shambhala Publications. p. 34. ISBN   9780834827301.
125. Wei, Shang (1994). "Prisoner and Creator: The Self-Image of the Poet in Han Yu and Meng Jiao". Chinese Literature: Essays, Articles, Reviews. 16: 19–40. doi:10.2307/495305. ISSN   0161-9705. JSTOR   495305.
126. Orton, C. W. Previte (2013) [1912]. The Early History of the House of Savoy: 1000-1233. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. p. 212. ISBN   9781107650428.
127. Nash, Penelope (2017). Empress Adelheid and Countess Matilda: Medieval Female Rulership and the Foundations of European Society. Queenship and Power. London and New York: Springer. p. 46. ISBN   9781137585141.
128. Creber, Alison (April 22, 2019). "Breaking Up Is Hard To Do: Dissolving Royal and Noble Marriages in Eleventh-Century Germany". German History. 37 (2): 149–171. doi:10.1093/gerhis/ghy108. ISSN   0266-3554.
129. Graham-Leigh, Elaine (2005). The Southern French Nobility and the Albigensian Crusade. Woodbridge, England: Boydell Press. p. 98. ISBN   9781843831297.
130. Palgrave, Sir Francis (1919). Palgrave, Sir Inglis (ed.). The History of Normandy and of England: The Collected Historical Writings of Sir Francis Palgrave, K. H. Vol. II. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press Archive. p. 543.
131. Weis, Frederick Lewis; Sheppard, Walter Lee; Beall, William Ryland; Beall, Kaleen E. (2008) [1950]. Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists who Came to America Before 1700: Lineages from Alfred the Great, Charlemagne, Malcolm of Scotland, Robert the Strong, and Other Historical Individuals (Eighth ed.). Baltimore, MD: Genealogical Publishing Company. p. 175. ISBN   9780806317526.
132. Vitalis, Ordericus (1969). The Ecclesiastical History of Orderic Vitalis. Vol. II. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press. p. 363. ISBN   9780198222040.
133. Thompson, Kathleen (January 1, 1985). "Family and influence to the south of Normandy in the eleventh century: the lordship of Bellême". Journal of Medieval History. 11 (3): 215–226. doi:10.1016/0304-4181(85)90025-9. ISSN   0304-4181.