1206

This article is about the year 1206. For the package used for electronic components, see List of electronic component packaging types.

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	12th century 13th century 14th century
Decades:	1180s 1190s 1200s 1210s 1220s
Years:	1203 1204 1205 1206 1207 1208 1209

1206 in various calendars

Gregorian calendar	1206 MCCVI
Ab urbe condita	1959
Armenian calendar	655 ԹՎ ՈԾԵ
Assyrian calendar	5956
Balinese saka calendar	1127–1128
Bengali calendar	613
Berber calendar	2156
English Regnal year	7  Joh. 1  – 8  Joh. 1
Buddhist calendar	1750
Burmese calendar	568
Byzantine calendar	6714–6715
Chinese calendar	乙丑年 (Wood  Ox) 3903 or 3696     — to — 丙寅年 (Fire  Tiger) 3904 or 3697
Coptic calendar	922–923
Discordian calendar	2372
Ethiopian calendar	1198–1199
Hebrew calendar	4966–4967
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1262–1263
- Shaka Samvat	1127–1128
- Kali Yuga	4306–4307
Holocene calendar	11206
Igbo calendar	206–207
Iranian calendar	584–585
Islamic calendar	602–603
Japanese calendar	Genkyū 3 / Ken'ei 1 (建永元年)
Javanese calendar	1114–1115
Julian calendar	1206 MCCVI
Korean calendar	3539
Minguo calendar	706 before ROC 民前706年
Nanakshahi calendar	−262
Thai solar calendar	1748–1749
Tibetan calendar	阴木牛年 (female Wood-Ox) 1332 or 951 or 179     — to — 阳火虎年 (male Fire-Tiger) 1333 or 952 or 180

Temüjin becomes Genghis Khan of the Mongol Empire

Year 1206 ( MCCVI ) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar.

Events

By place

Byzantine Empire

• January 31 – Battle of Rusion: The Bulgarian forces (some 7,000 men), under Tsar Kaloyan, defeat the remnants of the Latin army, near the fortress of Rusion in Thrace. Around 120 knights, supported by soldiers and cavalry, are killed in battle or captured.
• February – The Bulgarians attack and loot the fortified town of Rodosto (see Battle of Rodosto), defended by a Venetian garrison. Later, Kaloyan captures many more towns and fortresses. ^[1]
• August 20 – Henry of Flanders is crowned as the second emperor of the Latin Empire, in the Hagia Sophia at Constantinople, after hearing of the death of his brother, Emperor Baldwin I, who has died in prison at Baldwin's Tower in Tsarevets Castle, in Veliko Tarnovo (after being captured by the Bulgarians in 1205). Upon Henry's ascension as Latin emperor, the Lombard nobles of the Kingdom of Thessalonica refuse to give him allegiance. ^[2]

Asia

• Temüjin assembles at a Kurultai , a council of chiefs of the Mongol tribes under his rule, and is elected as their leader. He is given the title of Genghis Khan of the Mongol people – founding the Mongol Empire. Genghis takes immediate steps to underpin his military command, starting with a fundamental reordering of tribal loyalties. United under one nomadic nation, under one banner and one authority. ^[3]
• Muqali (or Mukhali), a Mongol general in service of Genghis Khan, is rewarded with the command of the left-wing of the newly reorganized Mongol army and takes control over the eastern Mingghans. ^[4]
• March 15 – Sultan Muhammad of Ghor is murdered and succeeded by Qutb al-Din Aibak, his deputy in India, who founds the Mamluk Dynasty, the first dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate. ^[5]

Europe

• King Valdemar II ("the Conqueror") and Archbishop Andreas Sunonis raid Saaremaa Island (modern Estonia), forcing the islanders to submit. The Danes build a fortress, but finding no volunteers to man it, they burn it down themselves and leave the island.
• The Livonian Brothers of the Sword, in alliance with the Semigallians, conquer the Livonians (or Livs).

Britain

• June – John, King of England ("Lackland") lands an expeditionary army at La Rochelle to defend his interests in Aquitaine, which is his from the inheritance from his mother, Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine. Meanwhile, French forces led by King Philip II ("Augustus") move south to meet John. The year's campaign ends in a stalemate and a two-year truce is made between the two rulers. ^[6]

By topic

Art and Culture

• Sugar, an import from the Muslim world, is mentioned for the first time in a royal English account. Almonds, cinnamon, ginger, and nutmeg are also imported for royal banquets. ^[7]

Religion

• A peasant named Thurkhill in England claims that Saint Julian took him on a tour of Purgatory. Thurkhill includes realistic touches of descriptions of Purgatory's torture chambers. This is also believed by Roger of Wendover, one of his society's leading historians. ^[7]
• December – The monks of Canterbury want their own sub-prior Reginald for the post of archbishop, while King John chooses John de Gray. Pope Innocent III appoints Stephen Langton. Finally, the monks accept the Pope's decision and vote for Langton.

Technology

• The Arab engineer Ismail al-Jazari describes many mechanical inventions in his book (title translated to English) The Book of Knowledge of Ingenious Mechanical Devices.

Births

• c.March 19 – Güyük Khan (or Kuyuk), Mongol emperor (d. 1248)
• April 7 – Otto II, German nobleman (d. 1253)
• unknown dates
  • Béla IV, king of Hungary and Croatia (d. 1270) ^[8]
  • Hong Pok-wŏn, Korean general and official (d. 1258) ^[9]
  • Yaghmurasen ibn Zyan, Zayyanid ruler (d. 1283) ^[10]
• approximate dates
  • Margaret de Quincy, English noblewoman (d. 1266) ^[11]
  • Sheikh Edebali, Ottoman religious leader (d. 1326) ^[12]

Deaths

• February 4 – Theobald Walter, Norman High Sheriff (b. 1165)
• March 5 – Thietmar of Minden (or Dietmar), German bishop
• April 5 – Ottaviano di Paoli, Italian cardinal-bishop and diplomat ^[13]
• April 7 – Frederick I, German nobleman (House of Lorraine)
• April 16 – Kujō Yoshitsune, Japanese nobleman (b. 1169)
• April 23 – Suero Rodríguez, Spanish knight and Grand Master
• June 4 – Adela of Champagne, queen of France (b. 1140)
• unknown dates
  • Artaldus (or Arthaud), French priest and bishop (b. 1101) ^[14]
  • Harald Maddadsson, Norwegian nobleman (b. 1134) ^[15] 9
  • Huan Zong, Chinese emperor of Western Xia (b. 1177) ^[16]
  • Ismail al-Jazari, Artuqid polymath and inventor (b. 1136) ^[17]
  • Muhammad of Ghor, ruler of the Ghurid Empire (b. 1149) ^[18]
  • William de Burgh, English nobleman (House of Burke) ^[19]
  • Yang Wanli, Chinese politician and poet (b. 1127) ^[20]

References

1. Setton, Kenneth M. (1989). A History of the Crusades, Volume VI: The Impact of the Crusades on Europe, p. 436. Madison and London: University of Wisconsin Press. ISBN   0-299-10740-X.
2. Nicol, Donald M. (2002). The Last Centuries of Byzantium (1261–1453), p. 12. Cambridge University Press.
3. Andrew Roberts (2011). Great Commanders of the Medieval World (454–1582): Genghis Khan, p. 146–147. ISBN   978-0-85738-589-5.
4. Hope, Michael (2016). Power, Politics, and Tradition in the Mongol Empire and the Īlkhānate of Iran, p. 36. Oxford University Press. ISBN   978-0-19108-107-1.
5. Hywel Williams (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History, p. 133. ISBN   0-304-35730-8.
6. Turner, Ralph V. (2009). King John: England's Evil King?, pp. 107–108. Stroud, UK: History Press. ISBN   978-0-7524-4850-3.
7. Warren, W. L. (1961). King John. University of California Press. pp. 11, 139.
8. Almási, Tibor (1994). "IV. Béla; Gertrúd". In Kristó, Gyula; Engel, Pál; Makk, Ferenc (eds.). Korai magyar történeti lexikon (9–14. század) [Encyclopedia of the Early Hungarian History (9th–14th centuries)] (in Hungarian). Akadémiai Kiadó. pp. 92–93, 234. ISBN   963-05-6722-9.
9. Oleg Pirozhenko, 'Political Trends of Hong Bog Won Clan in the Period of Mongol Domination', International Journal of Korean History, Vol. 9 (2005); available at http://ijkh.khistory.org/journal/view.php?number=469; English translation here: http://ijkh.khistory.org/upload/pdf/9-08_oleg%20pirozhenko.pdf
10. a et b Ibn Khaldoun, Histoire des Berbères et des dynasties musulmanes de l'Afrique septentrionale, traduction du baron de Slane (tome III), Ed. Imprimerie du Gouvernement (Alger), 1856 (read online)
11. Wilkinson, Louise J. (2000) "Pawn and Political Player: Observations on the Life of a Thirteenth-Century Countess" Historical Research Vol. 73 No. 181, pp. 105-123.
12. Şahin, Kamil (1994). "EDEBÂLI". TDV Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol. 10 (Dûmetülcendel – Elbi̇se) (in Turkish). Istanbul: Turkiye Diyanet Foundation, Centre for Islamic Studies. pp. 393–394. ISBN   978-975-389-437-1.
13. Conradus Eubel (1913). Hierarchia catholica (in Latin). Vol. Tomus 1 (second ed.). Münster: Libreria Regensbergiana. p. 35.
14. Paul Burns; Alban Butler (1995). Butler's Lives of the Saints. Burns & Oates. p. 47. ISBN   9780860122593.
15. William P. L. Thomson (1987). History of Orkney. Mercat Press. p. 77. ISBN   9780901824820.
16. Shi, Jinbo (June 1, 2021). The Empire of Western Xia and the Tangut Economy. Brill. ISBN   978-90-04-46132-1.
17. Balafrej, Lamia (December 19, 2022). "Automated Slaves, Ambivalent Images, and Noneffective Machines in al-Jazari's Compendium of the Mechanical Arts, 1206". 21: Inquiries into Art, History, and the Visual. 3 (4): 737–774. doi:10.11588/xxi.2022.4.91685. ISSN   2701-1550.
18. Puri, B. N.; Das, M. N. (December 1, 2003). A Comprehensive History of India: Comprehensive history of medieval India. Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd. ISBN   978-81-207-2508-9.
19. B. Smith, "Burgh, Richard de (died 1243)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. online edition, Oxford University Press, (2004), [author states, "Burgh, Richard de (d. 1243), justiciar of Ireland, was the son of William de Burgh (d. 1206)".].
20. Schmidt, Jerry Dean (1975). The poetry of Yang Wan-Li (Thesis). University of British Columbia. doi:10.14288/1.0093625.