1407

May 16: The Chinese Empire completes its conquest of Vietnam.

November 23: Louis, Duke of Orleans, regent for his brother, King Charles VI of France, is assassinated.

1407 in various calendars

Gregorian calendar	1407 MCDVII
Ab urbe condita	2160
Armenian calendar	856 ԹՎ ՊԾԶ
Assyrian calendar	6157
Balinese saka calendar	1328–1329
Bengali calendar	813–814
Berber calendar	2357
English Regnal year	8  Hen. 4  – 9  Hen. 4
Buddhist calendar	1951
Burmese calendar	769
Byzantine calendar	6915–6916
Chinese calendar	丙戌年 (Fire  Dog) 4104 or 3897     — to — 丁亥年 (Fire  Pig) 4105 or 3898
Coptic calendar	1123–1124
Discordian calendar	2573
Ethiopian calendar	1399–1400
Hebrew calendar	5167–5168
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1463–1464
- Shaka Samvat	1328–1329
- Kali Yuga	4507–4508
Holocene calendar	11407
Igbo calendar	407–408
Iranian calendar	785–786
Islamic calendar	809–810
Japanese calendar	Ōei 14 (応永１４年)
Javanese calendar	1321–1322
Julian calendar	1407 MCDVII
Korean calendar	3740
Minguo calendar	505 before ROC 民前505年
Nanakshahi calendar	−61
Thai solar calendar	1949–1950
Tibetan calendar	阳火狗年 (male Fire-Dog) 1533 or 1152 or 380     — to — 阴火猪年 (female Fire-Pig) 1534 or 1153 or 381

Year 1407 ( MCDVII ) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar.

Events

January–March

• January 20 – Ming–Việt War: China conquers Dong Do, the eastern capital of Dai Ngu (now Hanoi, capital of Vietnam, and follows six days later by conquering the western capital, Tay Do (now Thanh Hóa) on January 26. ^[1]
• February 21 – Ming–Việt War: Hồ Nguyên Trừng, commander of the Vietnamese armada of 500 ships, launches a counterattack on invading Chinese ships on the Thai Binh River, but the Chinese forces use cannons to destroy the Viet fleet, killing as many as 10,000 of the defending forces. ^[2]
• February 22 – Pir Muhammad Mirza, co-ruler of the Timurid Empire (Transoxiana) that encompasses what is now Iran and most of the Near East of Asia, is murdered by his vizier, Pir Ali Taz. ^[3] He is succeeded by his cousin, Khalil Sultan, who becomes the sole ruler of Transoxiana until being overthrown in 1409.

April–June

• March 1 – Persian astronomer and mathematician Jamshid al-Kashi completes his treatise Sullam al-sama' ("The Ladder of the Sky")
• March 7 – At 12 years old, Gianfrancesco I Gonzaga becomes the new Marquis of Mantua, and area encompassing much of the Lombardy region of Italy, upon the death of his father, Francesco I Gonzaga. ^[4]
• March 18 – Ming–Việt War: In Vietnam's Phung Hoa prefecture, the invading Chinese troops use a larger weapon, the da jiangjun chong cannon, to destroy more of the Viet ships. ^[2]
• April 10 – After several invitations by the Emperor Cheng Zu of China, the lama Deshin Shekpa, the fifth Karmapa of the Karma Kagyu sect of Tibetan Buddhism, finally visits the Emperor at Nanjing, the Ming dynasty. In his 22-day visit, the Karmapa thrills the Ming court with alleged miracles that are recorded in a gigantic scroll, translated into five different languages. In a show of mystical prowess, Deshin Shekpa adds legitimacy to a questionable succession to the throne by Cheng Zu, who had killed his nephew the Jianwen Emperor in the culmination of a civil war. For his services to the Ming court, including his handling of the ceremonial rites of Cheng Zu's deceased parents, Deshin Shekpa is awarded the title Great Treasure Prince of Dharma (大寶法王).
• April 23 – The Banco di San Giorgio is founded by the government of the Republic of Genoa in Italy. ^[5]
• May 4 – Ming–Việt War: A Vietnamese force of 70,000 troops attempts to stop the advance of the Chinese at the Hong River at the Ham Tu pass in what is now Vietnam's Hưng Yên province. With superior firepower, the Chinese kill over 10,000 Viet troops and capture hundreds of warships. ^[2]
• May 8 – The Earl of Somerset resigns as Admiral of the North and West of the English Navy. The office will remain vacant until assumed by Thomas Beaufort, Duke of Exeter on September 21, 1408. ^[6] *
• May 30 – Ming–Việt War: In a last ditch effort to stop the Chinese invasion, the Vietnamese forces fight a final battle at Thanh Hóa, where the Emperor Hon Han Thuong had moved his capital. The Viet force loses 10,000 additional soldiers and the Vietnamese royal family flees during the retreat. ^[2]
• June 16 – Ming–Hồ War: Ho Han Thuong, Emperor of Vietnam (Dai Ngu) is captured by the Imperial Chinese Army along with his father, the former Emperor Hồ Quý Ly, completing the conquest of Vietnam by the Chinese Empire. ^[7]

July–December

• October 5 – A group of high officials of the former Vietnamese government are put on trial before China's Emperor Cheng Zu at Nanjing, and charged with treason for killing the previous Vietnamese ruler. Most of the prisoners are executed. ^[8]
• October 20 – The English Parliament is opened at Gloucester after being summoned on August 26 by King Henry IV, and is marked by arguments between the House of Lords and the House of Commons over primacy and initiation of money bills. ^[9]
• November 20 – A solemn truce is agreed upon between John the Fearless, Duke of Burgundy and Louis I, Duke of Orléans under the auspices of John, Duke of Berry.
• November 23 – The Duke of Orleans is assassinated, and war breaks out again between the Burgundians and the Duke's followers. ^[10]
• December 2 –
  • China's Emperor Cheng Zu sends an order to Marquis Zhang Fu, who had recently conquered Vietnam and executed many of its officials, to avoid harming any innocent Vietnamese civilians. ^[11]
  • The English Parliament closes after having met for six weeks.
• December – The Yongle Encyclopedia , until the 21st century the largest encyclopedia of history, is completed in China after four years of work by 2,169 scholars at the Hanlin Academy and the Imperial University. ^[12]

Date unknown

• Rudolfo Belenzani leads a revolt against Bishop Georg von Liechtenstein in Trento, Bishopric of Trent.
• David Holbache founds Oswestry School, in the Welsh Marches.
• Mateu Texidor finishes the Puente de la Trinidad bridge in Valencia, Spain.

Births

• March 15 – Jacob, Margrave of Baden-Baden (1431-1453) (d. 1453)
• August 27 – Ashikaga Yoshikazu, Japanese shōgun (d. 1425)
• September 21 – Leonello d'Este, Marquis of Ferrara, Italian noble (d. 1450)
• November 8 – Alain de Coëtivy, Catholic cardinal (d. 1474)
• date unknown
  • Thomas de Littleton, English judge (d. 1481)
  • Marguerite, bâtarde de France, French noble, illegitimate daughter of the King of France (d. 1458)
  • Demetrios Palaiologos, Byzantine prince (d. 1470)
  • Lorenzo Valla, Italian humanist, philosopher, literary critic (d. 1457)

Deaths

• February 9 – William I, Margrave of Meissen (b. 1343)
• February 16 – Abdallah Fakhr al-Din, religious leader
• March 7 – Francesco I Gonzaga, ruler of Mantua
• April 23 – Olivier de Clisson, French soldier (b. 1326)
• July – Empress Xu (Ming dynasty), Chinese Empress (b. 1362)
• November 23 – Louis I, Duke of Orléans, brother of Charles VI of France (murdered) (b. 1372)
• date unknown
  • Pero López de Ayala, Spanish soldier (b. 1332)
  • Kolgrim, Norse Greenlander and alleged sorcerer

References

1. Miksic, John Norman; Yian, Goh Geok (2016). Ancient Southeast Asia. Routledge. p. 524. ISBN   978-0415735544.
2. Sun, Laichen (2006), "Chinese Gunpowder Technology and Đại Việt, ca. 1390–1497", in Reid, Anthony; Tran, Nhung Tuyet (eds.), Viet Nam: Borderless Histories, University of Wisconsin Press, pp. 79–83, ISBN   978-1-316-44504-4
3. Peter Jackson, Lawrence Lockhart (1986). The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 6. Cambridge University Press. pp. 98–99. ISBN   9780521246996 . Retrieved 2013-01-02.
4. "Signoria di Gianfrancesco Gonzaga" (in Italian).
5. Giuseppe Felloni, Amministrazione ed etica nella Casa di San Giorgio (1407-1805). Lo statuto del 1568 ("Administration and ethics in the House of San Giorgio (1407-1805): The statute of 1568"), (Firenze: Leo Olschki Press, 2014) p.3
6. Beatson, Robert (1788). A Political Index to the Histories of Great Britain and Ireland: Or, A Complete Register of the Hereditary Honours, Public Offices, and Persons in Office, from the Earliest Periods to the Present Time. G. G. J. & J. Robinson. pp.  259–263.
7. Chan, Hok-lam (2008), "The Chien-wen, Yung-lo, Hung-hsi, and Hsiian-te reigns, 1399 – 1435", in Twitchett, Denis Crispin; Fairbank, John K. (eds.), The Cambridge History of China: Volume 7, The Ming Dynasty, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, p. 230
8. Tsai, Shih-shan Henry (2011). Perpetual happiness: The Ming emperor Yongle. Seattle: University of Washington Press. p. 181. ISBN   978-0-295-98109-3.
9. H.G. Richardson and G. Sayles, Rotuli Parliamentorum , Volume II (Royal Historical Society, 1935), pp.608–610
10. "The Duke of Orleans is Ambushed | History Today". www.historytoday.com. Retrieved 2024-02-17.
11. "Southeast Asia in the Ming Shi-lu: an open access resource". Translated by Geoff Wade. Singapore: Asia Research Institute and the Singapore E-Press, National University of Singapore. p. 1014. Archived from the original on March 27, 2016. Retrieved July 6, 2014.
12. Chan, Hok-lam (1988). "The Chien-wen, Yung-lo, Hung-hsi, and Hsüan-te reigns". In Mote, Frederick W.; Twitchett, Denis C (eds.). The Cambridge History of China Volume 7: The Ming Dynasty, 1368–1644, Part 1. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 220. ISBN   0521243327.