Carolyn R. Bertozzi

Last updated
Carolyn Bertozzi
Carolyn Bertozzi IMG 9384.jpg
Born
Carolyn Ruth Bertozzi

(1966-10-10) October 10, 1966 (age 55)
Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.
Education Harvard University (BS)
University of California, Berkeley (MS, PhD)
Known for Bioorthogonal chemistry
Relatives Andrea Bertozzi (sister)
Awards MacArthur Foundation Fellowship (1999)
ACS Award in Pure Chemistry (2001)
Lemelson-MIT Prize (2010)
Heinrich Wieland Prize (2012)
Wolf Prize (2022)
Welch Award in Chemistry (2022)
Nobel Prize in Chemistry (2022)
Scientific career
Fields Chemistry
Institutions Stanford University
University of California, Berkeley
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
University of California, San Francisco
Thesis Synthesis and biological activity of carbon-linked glycosides  (1993)
Doctoral advisor Mark D. Bednarski
Doctoral students
Influenced Kristi Kiick

Carolyn Ruth Bertozzi (born October 10, 1966) is an American chemist and Nobel laureate, known for her wide-ranging work spanning both chemistry and biology. She coined the term "bioorthogonal chemistry" [2] for chemical reactions compatible with living systems. Her recent efforts include synthesis of chemical tools to study cell surface sugars called glycans and how they impact diseases such as cancer, inflammation, and viral infections like COVID-19. [3] At Stanford University, she holds the Anne T. and Robert M. Bass Professorship in the School of Humanities and Sciences. [4] Bertozzi is also an Investigator at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) [5] and is the former Director of the Molecular Foundry, a nanoscience research center at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. [6]

Contents

She received the MacArthur "genius" award at age 33. [7] In 2010, she was the first woman to receive the prestigious Lemelson-MIT Prize faculty award. She is a member of the National Academy of Sciences (2005), the Institute of Medicine (2011), and the National Academy of Inventors (2013). In 2014, it was announced that Bertozzi would lead ACS Central Science , the American Chemical Society's first peer-reviewed open access journal, which offers all content free to the public. [8] As an open lesbian in academia and science, Bertozzi has been a role model for students and colleagues. [9] [10]

Bertozzi was awarded the 2022 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, jointly with Morten P. Meldal and Karl Barry Sharpless, "for the development of click chemistry and bioorthogonal chemistry". [11]

Education

Carolyn Bertozzi received her A.B. summa cum laude in chemistry from Harvard University, where she worked with Professor Joe Grabowski on the design and construction of a photoacoustic calorimeter. [12] While an undergraduate, she played in various bands. Her most notable one was Bored of Education, which included future Rage Against the Machine guitarist Tom Morello. [13] [14] After graduating from Harvard in 1988, she worked at Bell Labs with Chris Chidsey. [15]

Bertozzi completed her Ph.D. in chemistry at University of California, Berkeley in 1993 with Mark Bednarski, working on the chemical synthesis of oligosaccharide analogs. [16] While at Berkeley, she discovered that viruses can bind to sugars in the body. [17] The discovery led her to her current field of research, glycobiology. During Bertozzi's third year of graduate school, Bednarski was diagnosed with colon cancer, which resulted in him taking a leave of absence and changing his career path by enrolling in medical school. This left Bertozzi and the rest of the lab to complete their Ph.D. work with no direct supervision. [18]

Career and research

After graduating from Berkeley with a Ph.D., Bertozzi was a postdoctoral fellow at University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) with Steven Rosen, where she studied the activity of endothelial oligosaccharides in promoting cell adhesion at inflammation sites. [19] [20] While working with Rosen at UCSF, Bertozzi was able to modify the protein and sugar molecules in the walls of living cells so that the cells accept foreign materials such as implants. [21]

Bertozzi joined the Berkeley faculty in 1996. [19] She has been an investigator with HHMI since 2000. [6] In 1999, while working with HHMI and at Berkeley, she founded the field of bioorthogonal chemistry and coined the term in 2003. [22] [23] [24] This new field and technique allows researchers to chemically modify molecules in living organisms and not interrupt the processes of the cell. [25] In 2015, Bertozzi moved to Stanford University to join the ChEM-H Institute. [26]

Bertozzi studies the glycobiology of underlying diseases such as cancer, inflammatory disorders such as arthritis, and infectious diseases such as tuberculosis. In particular, Bertozzi has advanced the understanding of cell surface oligosaccharides involved in cell recognition and inter-cellular communication. Bertozzi has applied the techniques of bioorthogonal chemistry to study glycocalyx, the sugars that surround the cell membrane. Her discoveries have advanced the field of biotherapeutics. [27] Her lab has also developed tools for research. One such development is creating chemical tools for studying glycans in living systems. [6] Her lab's development of nanotechnologies which probe biological systems lead to the development of a fast point-of-care tuberculosis test in 2018. [28] [29] In 2017, due to her lab's discovery of linking the sugars on the surface of cancer cells and their ability to avoid the immune system defenses, she was invited to speak at Stanford's TED talk, giving a talk entitled "What the sugar coating on your cells is trying to tell you". [30]

Biotechnology startups

In addition to her academic work, Bertozzi works actively with biotechnology start-ups.

In the early 2000s, Bertozzi and Steve Rosen co-founded Thios Pharmaceuticals the first company to target sulfation pathways. [31]

In 2008, Bertozzi founded a startup of her own: Redwood Bioscience of Emeryville, California. [32] Redwood Bioscience is a biotechnology company that uses SMARTag, a site-specific protein modification technology that allows small drugs to attach to sites on the proteins and can be used to help fight cancers. [17] [33] Redwood Bioscience was acquired by Catalent Pharma Solutions in 2014. Bertozzi remains a part of the advisory board for the biologics sector of the company. [33]

In 2014, she co-founded Enable Biosciences which focuses on biotechnologies for at-home diagnoses for type 1 diabetes, HIV, and other diseases. [22] [34]

Bertozzi became a co-founder of Palleon Pharma of Waltham, Massachusetts, in 2015. [35] Palleon Pharma focuses on investigating glycoimmune checkpoint inhibitors as a potential treatment for cancer. [36]

In 2017, Bertozzi helped found InterVenn Biosciences, which uses mass spectrometry and artificial intelligence to enhance glycoproteomics for target and biomarker discovery, ovarian cancer diagnostics, and predicting the successes and failures of clinical trials. [22] [37]

She co-founded Grace Science Foundation in 2018. The foundation focuses on curing NGLY1 deficiency through developing therapeutics that are efficient and inexpensive. [38]

In 2019, she co-founded both OliLux Biosciences and Lycia Therapeutics. OliLux Biosciences develops new methods for tuberculosis detection. [22] [39] The founding of Lycia Therapeutics occurred when Bertozzi's group discovered lysosome-targeting chimeras (LYTACs). The new molecule class may be able to degrade some cardiovascular disease and cancer targets. [40] Lycia Therapeutics focuses on developing technology which utilizes lysosome-targeting chimeras (LYTACs). [22]

Dr. Bertozzi has also previously served on the research advisory board of several pharmaceutical companies including GlaxoSmithKline, and until recently Eli Lilly. [41]

Publications

Bertozzi has over 600 publications on Web of Science; listed below are the most cited:

Awards and honors

Carolyn Bertozzi, receiving the Emanuel Merck Lectureship in 2011 Carolyn Bertozzi IMG 9372.jpg
Carolyn Bertozzi, receiving the Emanuel Merck Lectureship in 2011

Personal life

Carolyn Bertozzi grew up in Lexington, Massachusetts. She is the daughter of the late Norma Bertozzi and William Bertozzi. She has two sisters, one of whom, Andrea Bertozzi, is on the mathematics faculty at UCLA. [75] Her father, William, was a physics professor at MIT. [76] [77] [78]

Bertozzi is a lesbian, and has been out since the late 1980s. [79]

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References

  1. ↑ Prescher, Jennifer Ann (2006). Probing Glycosylation in Living Animals with Bioorthogonal Chemistries (PhD thesis). University of California, Berkeley. OCLC   892833679. ProQuest   305348554.
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  25. ↑ Sletten, Ellen M.; Bertozzi, Carolyn R. (2009). "Bioorthogonal Chemistry: Fishing for Selectivity in a Sea of Functionality". Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English. 48 (38): 6974–6998. doi:10.1002/anie.200900942. ISSN   1433-7851. PMC   2864149 . PMID   19714693.
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  27. ↑ Xiao, Han; Woods, Elliot C.; Vukojicic, Petar; Bertozzi, Carolyn R. (2016-08-22). "Precision glycocalyx editing as a strategy for cancer immunotherapy". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 113 (37): 10304–10309. Bibcode:2016PNAS..11310304X. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1608069113 . ISSN   0027-8424. PMC   5027407 . PMID   27551071.
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  29. ↑ Kamariza, Mireille; Shieh, Peyton; Ealand, Christopher S.; Peters, Julian S.; Chu, Brian; Rodriguez-Rivera, Frances P.; Babu Sait, Mohammed R.; Treuren, William V.; Martinson, Neil; Kalscheuer, Rainer; Kana, Bavesh D. (2018). "Rapid detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum with a solvatochromic trehalose probe". Science Translational Medicine. 10 (430): eaam6310. doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.aam6310. ISSN   1946-6242. PMC   5985656 . PMID   29491187.
  30. ↑ Bertozzi, Carolyn. "Carolyn Bertozzi | Speaker | TED". www.ted.com. Retrieved 2020-02-05.
  31. ↑ McCarthy, Alice A. (February 2004). "Thios Pharmaceuticals Targeting Sulfation Pathways" (PDF). Chemistry & Biology. 11 (2): 147–148. doi: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2004.02.008 . PMID   15123271.
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  40. ↑ Banik, Steven; Pedram, Kayvon; Wisnovsky, Simon; Riley, Nicholas; Bertozzi, Carolyn (2019-11-20). "Lysosome Targeting Chimeras (LYTACs) for the Degradation of Secreted and Membrane Proteins". Figshare. doi:10.26434/chemrxiv.7927061.v2. S2CID   213002729.
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  73. ↑ "Winners of Heineken Prizes 2022 announced". Heineken. 8 June 2022. Retrieved 3 October 2022.
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  75. ↑ "UCLA Math Department Faculty" . Retrieved 4 June 2012.
  76. ↑ "MIT Physics Department Faculty" . Retrieved 4 June 2012.
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  78. ↑ Mukhopadhyay, Rajendrani (September 1, 2016). "Keeping it Real". ASBMB Today. Retrieved November 3, 2020.
  79. ↑ Navals, Pauline (2022-04-05). chemical & engineering news https://cen.acs.org/biological-chemistry/One-on-one-with-Carolyn-Bertozzi/100/i12.{{cite journal}}: Missing or empty |title= (help); Text "title"ONE ON ONE WITH CAROLYN BERTOZZI"" ignored (help)
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