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Acetyl-CoA is a molecule that participates in many biochemical reactions in protein, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Its main function is to deliver the acetyl group to the citric acid cycle to be oxidized for energy production. Coenzyme A consists of a β-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3'-phosphorylated ADP. The acetyl group of acetyl-CoA is linked to the sulfhydryl substituent of the β-mercaptoethylamine group. This thioester linkage is a "high energy" bond, which is particularly reactive. Hydrolysis of the thioester bond is exergonic (−31.5 kJ/mol).
The enzyme citrate synthase E.C. 2.3.3.1 ] exists in nearly all living cells and stands as a pace-making enzyme in the first step of the citric acid cycle. Citrate synthase is localized within eukaryotic cells in the mitochondrial matrix, but is encoded by nuclear DNA rather than mitochondrial. It is synthesized using cytoplasmic ribosomes, then transported into the mitochondrial matrix.
In enzymology, a citramalate CoA-transferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a citrate CoA-transferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the following chemical reaction:
The enzyme citramalate lyase catalyzes the chemical reaction
The enzyme citramalyl-CoA lyase catalyzes the chemical reaction
The enzyme citrate (pro-3S)-lyase catalyzes the chemical reaction
The enzyme citryl-CoA lyase catalyzes the chemical reaction
The enzyme malyl-CoA lyase catalyzes the chemical reaction
The enzyme methylisocitrate lyase catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a citrate—CoA ligase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a [citrate (pro-3S)-lyase] ligase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
The enzyme 6-acetylglucose deacetylase (EC 3.1.1.33) catalyzes the reaction
The enzyme N-acetylgalactosaminoglycan deacetylase (EC 3.1.1.58) catalyzes the reaction
In enzymology, a N-acetylglucosaminylphosphatidylinositol deacetylase (EC 3.5.1.89) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
ATP citrate synthase (also ATP citrate lyase (ACLY)) is an enzyme that in animals represents an important step in fatty acid biosynthesis. By converting citrate to acetyl-CoA, the enzyme links carbohydrate metabolism, which yields citrate as an intermediate, with fatty acid biosynthesis, which consumes acetyl-CoA. In plants, ATP citrate lyase generates cytosolic acetyl-CoA precursors of thousands of specialized metabolites, including waxes, sterols, and polyketides.
In enzymology, a citrate (Re)-synthase (EC 2.3.3.3) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a deacetyl-[citrate-(pro-3S)-lyase] S-acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.49) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In molecular biology, the citrate synthase family of proteins includes the enzymes citrate synthase EC 2.3.3.1, and the related enzymes 2-methylcitrate synthase EC 2.3.3.5 and ATP citrate lyase EC 2.3.3.8.
2'''-acetyl-6'''-hydroxyneomycin C deacetylase (EC 3.5.1.113, neoL (gene)) is an enzyme with systematic name 2'''-acetyl-6'''-hydroxyneomycin C hydrolase (acetate-forming). This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
References
- Giffhorn F, Rode H, Kuhn A, Gottschalk G (1980). "Citrate lyase deacetylase of Rhodopseudomonas gelatinosa. Isolation of the enzyme and studies on the inhibition by L-glutamate". Eur. J. Biochem. 111 (2): 461–71. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1980.tb04961.x. PMID 7460909.
