Fairfield Township, Cumberland County, New Jersey

For other places with similar names, see Fairfield, New Jersey.

Fairfield Township, New Jersey
Township
Trinity African Methodist Episcopal Church
Seal
Location of Fairfield Township in Cumberland County highlighted in red (right). Inset map: Location of Cumberland County in New Jersey highlighted in red (left).
Census Bureau map of Fairfield Township, Cumberland County, New Jersey
Fairfield Township Location in Cumberland County Show map of Cumberland County, New Jersey Fairfield Township Location in New Jersey Show map of New Jersey Fairfield Township Location in the United States Show map of the United States
Coordinates: 39°22′20″N75°14′19″W / 39.372316°N 75.238721°W / 39.372316; -75.238721 [1] [2]
Country	United States
State	New Jersey
County	Cumberland
Formed	May 12, 1697
Incorporated	February 21, 1798
Named for	Fairfield, Connecticut
Government [3]
• Type	Township
• Body	Township Committee
•  Mayor	Marvin Pierce Jr. (D, term ends December 31, 2023) [4] [5]
•  Administrator	Mike Burden [6]
•  Municipal clerk	Linda M. Gonzales [6]
Area [1]
• Total	43.82 sq mi (113.50 km2)
• Land	41.12 sq mi (106.50 km2)
• Water	2.70 sq mi (7.00 km2)  6.17%
• Rank	45th of 565 in state 5th of 14 in county [1]
Elevation [7]	16 ft (5 m)
Population  (2020) [8] [9]
• Total	5,546
• Estimate  (2023) [8] [10]	5,340
• Rank	363rd of 565 in state 6th of 14 in county [11]
• Density	134.9/sq mi (52.1/km2)
• Rank	528th of 565 in state 9th of 14 in county [11]
Time zone	UTC−05:00 (Eastern (EST))
• Summer (DST)	UTC−04:00 (Eastern (EDT))
ZIP Code	08320 – Fairton [12] [13]
Area code	856 exchange: 575 [14]
FIPS code	3401122350 [1] [15] [16]
GNIS feature ID	0882059 [1] [17]
Website	www.fairfieldtownshipnj.org

Fairfield Township is a township in Cumberland County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. It is part of the Vineland-Bridgeton metropolitan statistical area, which encompasses all of Cumberland County for statistical purposes and which constitutes a part of the Delaware Valley. ^[18] As of the 2020 United States census, the township's population was 5,546, ^{[8] [9]} a decrease of 749 (−11.9%) from the 2010 census count of 6,295, ^{[19] [20]} which in turn reflected an increase of 12 (+0.2%) from the 6,283 counted in the 2000 census. ^[21]

Fairfield Township was formed by Royal charter on May 12, 1697, from portions of the Cohansey Township area, while still part of Salem County, and was formed as a precinct in the newly created Cumberland County on January 19, 1748. It was incorporated on February 21, 1798, as one of the initial group of 104 townships in the state by an act of the New Jersey Legislature. Portions of the township were taken to form Downe Township (September 26, 1772), Millville Township (February 24, 1801) and Lawrence Township (February 17, 1885). ^[22]

The name Fairfield refers to its original settlers, who were émigrés from Fairfield, Connecticut who settled in the area in 1697. ^{[23] [24]} The oldest Presbyterian church in South Jersey is said to date to June 1697. There is a plaque and an old cemetery which indicates the original log building. ^[25] When it was first created as one of Cumberland County's original six townships, it included land that would later become Commercial Township, Downe Township, Lawrence Township and Millville. ^[23]

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the township had a total area of 43.82 square miles (113.50 km²), including 41.12 square miles (106.50 km²) of land and 2.70 square miles (7.00 km²) of water (6.17%). ^{[1] [2]}

Fairton (with a 2010 census population of 1,264, ^[26] ) and Gouldtown are unincorporated communities and census-designated places (CDPs) located within Fairfield Township. ^[27]

Other unincorporated communities, localities and place names located partially or completely within the township include Back Neck, Ben Davis Point, Clarks Pond, Fordville, Lanings Wharf, Mulfords Landing, New England Crossroads, Sea Breeze and Tindells Landing. ^[28]

The township has three primary population centers: Sea Breeze, Fairton (originally named Bumbridge) and Gouldtown, an old African American community from the segregation period. ^{[25] [29]}

Fairfield Township borders the Cumberland County municipalities of Bridgeton, Deerfield Township, Greenwich Township, Hopewell Township, Lawrence Township, Millville and Upper Deerfield Township, along with the Delaware Bay. ^{[30] [31]}

Demographics

Historical population

Census	Pop.	Note	%±
1810	2,279	*	—
1820	1,869		−18.0%
1830	1,812		−3.0%
1840	1,935		6.8%
1850	2,133		10.2%
1860	2,448		14.8%
1870	3,011		23.0%
1880	3,215		6.8%
1890	1,688	*	−47.5%
1900	1,911		13.2%
1910	1,629		−14.8%
1920	1,514		−7.1%
1930	1,848		22.1%
1940	1,977		7.0%
1950	2,932		48.3%
1960	3,916		33.6%
1970	4,990		27.4%
1980	5,693		14.1%
1990	5,699		0.1%
2000	6,283		10.2%
2010	6,295		0.2%
2020	5,546		−11.9%
2023 (est.)	5,340	[8] [10]	−3.7%
Population sources: 1810–2000 [32] 1810–1920 [33] 1840 [34] 1850–1870 [35] 1850 [36] 1870 [37] 1880–1890 [38] 1890–1910 [39] 1910–1930 [40] 1940–2000 [41] 2000 [42] [43] 2010 [19] [20] 2020 [8] [9] * = Lost territory in previous decade [22]

2010 census

The 2010 United States census counted 6,295 people, 1,882 households, and 1,357 families in the township. The population density was 152.6 inhabitants per square mile (58.9/km²). There were 2,058 housing units at an average density of 49.9 per square mile (19.3/km²). The racial makeup was 37.49% (2,360) White, 47.53% (2,992) Black or African American, 5.10% (321) Native American, 0.44% (28) Asian, 0.03% (2) Pacific Islander, 4.58% (288) from other races, and 4.83% (304) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 12.84% (808) of the population. ^[19]

Of the 1,882 households, 24.6% had children under the age of 18; 43.6% were married couples living together; 21.3% had a female householder with no husband present and 27.9% were non-families. Of all households, 24.1% were made up of individuals and 9.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.67 and the average family size was 3.14. ^[19]

17.8% of the population were under the age of 18, 9.2% from 18 to 24, 32.5% from 25 to 44, 27.3% from 45 to 64, and 13.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39.0 years. For every 100 females, the population had 139.4 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older there were 148.8 males. ^[19]

Fairfield Township had the highest percentage of Native Americans in any municipality in New Jersey, at 5.10% in the 2010 census.^{[ citation needed ]}

The Census Bureau's 2006–2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $46,895 (with a margin of error of +/− $3,014) and the median family income was $55,286 (+/− $4,900). Males had a median income of $45,333 (+/− $4,287) versus $32,763 (+/− $2,703) for females. The per capita income for the borough was $20,619 (+/− $1,444). About 6.7% of families and 10.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.1% of those under age 18 and 4.3% of those age 65 or over. ^[44]

2000 census

As of the 2000 census, ^[15] there were 6,283 people, 1,751 households, and 1,322 families residing in the township. The population density was 148.6 inhabitants per square mile (57.4/km²). There were 1,915 housing units at an average density of 45.3 per square mile (17.5/km²). The racial makeup of the township was 41.41% White, 47.43% African American, 5.08% Native American, 0.56% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 2.39% from other races, and 3.10% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 8.87% of the population. ^{[42] [43]}

There were 1,751 households, out of which 28.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.7% were married couples living together, 18.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.5% were non-families. 20.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.78 and the average family size was 3.19. ^{[42] [43]}

In the township the population was spread out, with 19.8% under the age of 18, 8.8% from 18 to 24, 36.4% from 25 to 44, 24.3% from 45 to 64, and 10.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 146.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 161.7 males. ^{[42] [43]}

The median income for a household in the township was $37,891, and the median income for a family was $41,326. Males had a median income of $31,858 versus $23,931 for females. The per capita income for the township was $17,547. About 6.9% of families and 11.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.9% of those under age 18 and 7.8% of those age 65 or over. ^{[42] [43]}

Government

Local government

Fairfield Township is governed under the Township form of New Jersey municipal government, one of 141 municipalities (of the 564) statewide that use this form, the second-most commonly used form of government in the state. ^[45] The Township Committee is comprised of five members, who are elected directly by the voters at-large in partisan elections to serve three-year terms of office on a staggered basis, with either one or two seats coming up for election each year as part of the November general election in a three-year cycle. ^{[3] [46]} At an annual reorganization meeting, the Township Committee selects one of its members to serve as Mayor and another as Deputy Mayor, each serving a one-year term.

As of 2023 ^[update] , members of the Fairfield Township Committee are Mayor Marvin Pierce (D, term on committee and as mayor ends December 31, 2023), Deputy Mayor Michael Peterson (D, term on committee ends 2024; term as deputy mayor ends 2023), Stephen M. Bateman (D, 2024), Benjamin Byrd Sr. (D, 2025) and Tommy Clark Jr. (D, 2023). ^{[4] [47] [48] [49] [50] [51]}

JoAnne Servais was appointed to serve the unexpired term ending December 2014 of Dennis Pierce, who had resigned from office in June 2012 citing health issues. ^{[52] [53]}

Federal, state, and county representation

Fairfield Township is located in the 2nd Congressional District ^[54] and is part of New Jersey's 1st state legislative district. ^{[55] [56] [57]}

For the 119th United States Congress , New Jersey's 2nd congressional district is represented by Jeff Van Drew ( R , Dennis Township ). ^[58] New Jersey is represented in the United States Senate by Democrats Cory Booker ( Newark , term ends 2027) and Andy Kim ( Moorestown , term ends 2031). ^{[59] [60]}

For the 2024-2025 session , the 1st legislative district of the New Jersey Legislature is represented in the State Senate by Mike Testa ( R , Vineland ) and in the General Assembly by Antwan McClellan (R, Ocean City ) and Erik K. Simonsen (R, Lower Township ). ^[61]

Cumberland County is governed by a Board of County Commissioners composed of seven members who are elected at large by the citizens of Cumberland County in partisan elections and serve staggered three-year terms in office, with either two or three seats coming up for election each year in a three-year cycle. Annually, the seven board members select a Director and Deputy Director for one-year terms. ^[62] As of 2025 ^[update] , members of the Cumberland County Board of County Commissioners (with party affiliation, residence and term-end year listed in parentheses) are:

Douglas A. Albrecht (R, Vineland, 2025), ^[63] Deputy Director Antonio Romero (R, Vineland, 2027), ^[64] Sandra Taylor (R, Downe Township; 2026), ^[65] Victoria Groetsch-Lods (R, Vineland, 2025), ^[66] Arthur Marchand (R, Hopewell Township, 2026), ^[67] James Sauro (R, Vineland, 2026) ^[68] and Robert A. Austino (D, Bridgeton, 2027). ^{[69] [62] [70] [71] [72] [73] [74]}

The county's constitutional officers are: Clerk Celeste Riley (D, Bridgeton, 2029), ^{[75] [76]} Sheriff Michael Donato (R, Bridgeton, 2026) ^{[77] [78]} and Surrogate Rudolph Luisi (R, Vineland, 2028). ^{[79] [80] [70]}

Politics

As of March 2011, there were a total of 3,639 registered voters in Fairfield Township, of which 1,603 (44.1%) were registered as Democrats, 409 (11.2%) were registered as Republicans and 1,627 (44.7%) were registered as Unaffiliated. There were no voters registered to other parties. ^[81]

In the 2012 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 76.9% of the vote (1,830 cast), ahead of Republican Mitt Romney with 22.4% (534 votes), and other candidates with 0.6% (15 votes), among the 2,405 ballots cast by the township's 3,739 registered voters (26 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 64.3%. ^{[82] [83]} In the 2008 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 75.9% of the vote (1,860 cast), ahead of Republican John McCain, who received 22.3% (547 votes), with 2,451 ballots cast among the township's 3,707 registered voters, for a turnout of 66.1%. ^[84] In the 2004 presidential election, Democrat John Kerry received 68.7% of the vote (1,476 ballots cast), outpolling Republican George W. Bush, who received around 29.6% (636 votes), with 2,149 ballots cast among the township's 3,400 registered voters, for a turnout percentage of 63.2. ^[85]

United States presidential election results for Fairfield Township
2024 ^[86] 2020 ^[87] 2016 ^[88] 2012 ^[89] 2008 ^[90] 2004 ^[91]

Year	Republican		Democratic		Third party(ies)
	No.	%	No.	%	No.	%
2024	696	34.73%	1,294	64.57%	14	0.70%
2020	721	30.56%	1,621	68.72%	17	0.72%
2016	604	28.42%	1,462	68.80%	59	2.78%
2012	534	22.45%	1,830	76.92%	15	0.63%
2008	547	22.32%	1,860	75.89%	44	1.80%
2004	636	29.60%	1,476	68.68%	37	1.72%

In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Democrat Barbara Buono received 61.0% of the vote (774 cast), ahead of Republican Chris Christie with 37.2% (472 votes), and other candidates with 1.7% (22 votes), among the 1,315 ballots cast by the township's 3,584 registered voters (47 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 36.7%. ^{[92] [93]} In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Democrat Jon Corzine received 65.% of the vote (925 ballots cast), ahead of both Republican Chris Christie with 27.2% (387 votes) and Independent Chris Daggett with 3.9% (56 votes), with 1,424 ballots cast among the township's 3,586 registered voters, yielding a 39.7% turnout. ^[94]

Corrections

Federal Correctional Institution, Fairton is in the township. ^[95]

Education

The Fairfield Township School District serves public school students in pre-kindergarten through eighth grade. ^{[96] [97]} As of the 2022–23 school year, the district, comprised of one school, had an enrollment of 510 students and 35.0 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 14.6:1. ^[98] The district opened the new Fairfield Township School in September 2006, consolidating all grades into a single building located at 375 Gouldtown-Woodruff Road in the Gouldtown section of the township. ^[99]

Public school students in ninth through twelfth grades attend Cumberland Regional High School, which also serves students from Deerfield Township, Greenwich Township, Hopewell Township, Shiloh Borough, Stow Creek Township and Upper Deerfield Township. ^{[100] [101] [102]} As of the 2022–23 school year, the high school had an enrollment of 1,124 students and 82.0 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 13.7:1. ^[103] The high school district has a nine-member board of education, with board seats allocated to the constituent municipalities based on population; Fairfield Township has two seats on the board. ^{[104] [105] [106]}

Students are also eligible to attend Cumberland County Technical Education Center in Vineland, serving students from the entire county in its full-time technical training programs, which are offered without charge to students who are county residents. ^[107]

Transportation

Route 49 eastbound at County Route 553 in Fairfield Township

Roads and highways

As of May 2010 ^[update] , the township had a total of 74.45 miles (119.82 km) of roadways, of which 30.89 miles (49.71 km) were maintained by the municipality, 39.90 miles (64.21 km) by Cumberland County and 3.66 miles (5.89 km) by the New Jersey Department of Transportation. ^[108]

Route 49 is the main highway serving Fairfield Township. ^[109] County Route 553 also traverses the township. ^{[110] [111]}

Public transportation

NJ Transit offers service on the 553 route between Upper Deerfield Township and Atlantic City. ^{[112] [113]}

Notable people

See also: Category:People from Fairfield Township, Cumberland County, New Jersey

People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Fairfield Township include:

• Nathaniel Clark Burt (1825–1874), Presbyterian clergyman ^[114]
• Harold Gould (1924–2012), baseball pitcher with the Philadelphia Stars in the Negro leagues from 1947 to 1948 ^{[115] [116]}
• John T. Nixon (1820–1889), represented New Jersey's 1st congressional district in the United States House of Representatives from 1859 to 1863 ^[117]
• Theophilus Gould Steward (1843–1924), author, educator, and clergyman, who was a U.S. Army chaplain and Buffalo Soldier of 25th U.S. Colored Infantry ^[118]

References

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5. 2023 New Jersey Mayors Directory, New Jersey Department of Community Affairs, updated February 8, 2023. Accessed February 10, 2023. As of date accessed, William Galese is incorrectly listed as mayor. The entries for the two Fairfields in Cumberland and Essex counties appear to be reversed.
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76. Members List: Clerks, Constitutional Officers Association of New Jersey. Accessed February 1, 2023.
77. Sheriff's Office, Cumberland County, New Jersey. Accessed February 1, 2023.
78. Members List: Sheriffs, Constitutional Officers Association of New Jersey. Accessed February 1, 2023.
79. Cumberland County Surrogate Office, Cumberland County, New Jersey. Accessed February 1, 2023.
80. Members List: Surrogates, Constitutional Officers Association of New Jersey. Accessed February 1, 2023.
81. Voter Registration Summary - Cumberland, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, March 23, 2011. Accessed October 23, 2012.
82. "Presidential General Election Results - November 6, 2012 - Cumberland County" (PDF). New Jersey Department of Elections. March 15, 2013. Retrieved December 24, 2014.
83. "Number of Registered Voters and Ballots Cast - November 6, 2012 - General Election Results - Cumberland County" (PDF). New Jersey Department of Elections. March 15, 2013. Retrieved December 24, 2014.
84. 2008 Presidential General Election Results: Cumberland County, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, December 23, 2008. Accessed October 23, 2012.
85. 2004 Presidential Election: Cumberland County, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, December 13, 2004. Accessed October 23, 2012.
86. Presidential November 5, 2024 General Election Results Cumberland County, New Jersey Department of State. Accessed January 1, 2025.
87. Presidential November 3, 2020 General Election Results Cumberland County, New Jersey Department of State, published December 18, 2020. Accessed January 1, 2025.
88. Presidential November 8, 2016 General Election Results Cumberland County, New Jersey Department of State, updated December 14, 2016. Accessed January 16, 2025.
89. "Presidential General Election Results - November 6, 2012 - Cumberland County" (PDF). New Jersey Department of Elections. March 15, 2013. Retrieved December 24, 2014.
90. 2008 Presidential General Election Results: Cumberland County, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, December 23, 2008. Accessed October 22, 2012.
91. 2004 Presidential Election: Cumberland County, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, December 13, 2004. Accessed October 22, 2012.
92. "Governor - Cumberland County" (PDF). New Jersey Department of Elections. January 29, 2014. Retrieved December 24, 2014.
93. "Number of Registered Voters and Ballots Cast - November 5, 2013 - General Election Results - Cumberland County" (PDF). New Jersey Department of Elections. January 29, 2014. Retrieved December 24, 2014.
94. 2009 Governor: Cumberland County Archived 2016-07-07 at the Wayback Machine , New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, December 31, 2009. Accessed October 23, 2012.
95. "2020 CENSUS - CENSUS BLOCK MAP: Fairfield township, NJ" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. pp. 2-3 (PDF p. 3-4/7). Retrieved November 23, 2024. Federal Correctional Institution Fairton
96. School Performance Reports for the Fairfield Township School District, New Jersey Department of Education. Accessed April 3, 2024.
97. New Jersey School Directory for the Fairfield Township School District, New Jersey Department of Education. Accessed February 1, 2024.
98. District information for Fairfield Township School District, National Center for Education Statistics. Accessed February 1, 2024.
99. "SCC, Fairfield Educators Open New Elementary School" Archived September 10, 2014, at the Wayback Machine , New Jersey Schools Development Authority, December 16, 2006. Accessed September 10, 2014. "Students, teachers and parents in this rural Cumberland County community turned out today for a ribbon-cutting for the new Fairfield Elementary School. The school, which replaces two overcrowded facilities, will enhance academic achievement and provide much-needed early childhood education programs for 600 students from pre-kindergarten through 8th grade."
100. Cumberland Regional School District 2015 Report Card Narrative, New Jersey Department of Education. Accessed June 5, 2016. "The Cumberland Regional School District, located in Western Cumberland County, provides students with a comprehensive learning environment in a nurturing and personalized setting. The district serves students in grades 9-12 who reside in the municipalities of Deerfield, Fairfield, Greenwich & Stow Creek, Hopewell & Shiloh, and Upper Deerfield."
101. Shott, Meghan. "Cumberland Regional High School", South Jersey magazine. Accessed June 5, 2016. "Cumberland Regional High School, located in the northwest part of Cumberland County, serves students from Deerfield Township, Fairfield Township, Greenwich Township, Hopewell Township, Shiloh Borough, Stow Creek Township and Upper Deerfield Township."
102. Cumberland Regional High School Constituent Districts, Cumberland Regional High School. Accessed May 2, 2024.
103. School data for Cumberland Regional High School, National Center for Education Statistics. Accessed February 1, 2024. Note that faculty data was taken from the district and the ratio was then calculated on that basis.
104. New Jersey Boards of Education by District Election Types - 2018 School Election, New Jersey Department of Education, updated February 16, 2018. Accessed January 26, 2020.
105. Annual Comprehensive Financial Report of the Cumberland Regional High School District, New Jersey Department of Education, for year ending June 30, 2023. Accessed April 10, 2024. "The Cumberland Regional Board of Education is a Type II district located in the County of Cumberland, State of New Jersey. As a Type II District, the School District functions independently through a Board of Education. The board is comprised of nine members elected to three-year terms. The purpose of the district is to educate students in grades 9-12."
106. Board of Education, Cumberland Regional High School. Accessed May 2, 2024. "The Cumberland Regional School District is led by a nine-member Board of Education representing Cumberland Regional High School's constituent district municipalities: Deerfield Township, Fairfield Township, Greenwich Township, Hopewell Township, Shiloh Borough, Stow Creek Township, and Upper Deerfield Township."
107. Admissions Booklet, Cumberland County Technical Education Center. Accessed December 20, 2022. "Who Can Apply? Applicants must be enrolled in 8th grade and live in Cumberland County."
108. Cumberland County Mileage by Municipality and Jurisdiction, New Jersey Department of Transportation, May 2010. Accessed July 18, 2014.
109. Route 49 Straight Line Diagram, New Jersey Department of Transportation, updated May 2017. Accessed January 1, 2023.
110. County Route 553 Straight Line Diagram, New Jersey Department of Transportation, updated June 2012. Accessed January 1, 2023.
111. Cumberland County Road Map, New Jersey Department of Transportation. Accessed January 1, 2023.
112. Transportation, Cumberland County, New Jersey. Accessed May 2, 2024.
113. South Jersey Transit Guide Archived 2018-09-29 at the Wayback Machine , Cross County Connection, as of April 1, 2010. Accessed December 15, 2014.
114. Brown, John Howard (ed.) Lamb's Biographical Dictionary of the United States, Volume 1, p. 514. Accessed December 29, 2016. "Burt, Nathaniel Clark, clergyman, was born in Fairton, N. J., April 23, 1825."
115. Harold Gould Archived July 29, 2016, at the Wayback Machine , Negro Leagues Baseball Museum. Accessed December 29, 2016. "Born: September 29, 1924, Gouldtown-Fairfield Township, New Jersey"
116. Goldstein, Eric. "Harold Gould, former Negro Leagues player and South Jersey native, dies at age 88", South Jersey Times , November 12, 2012. Accessed December 29, 2012. "Born and raised in Gouldtown, Mr. Gould pitched for the Stars in from 1946-1948."
117. John Thompson Nixon, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress . Accessed August 24, 2007.
118. Seraile, William. "Theophilus G. Steward, Intellectual Chaplain, 25th US Colored Infantry" ^[usurped] , Nebraska State Historical Society. Accessed December 29, 2016. "Born on April 17, 1843, to James and Rebecca Steward, Theophilus grew up in Gouldtown, a southern New Jersey community that dated to pre-Revolutionary War days."

External links

• Fairfield Township web site
• Cumberland County web page for Fairfield Township