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The Syrian transitional government, established on December 8, 2024, following the fall of the Assad regime, has been working to establish diplomatic relations with various countries and international organizations. The government is led by President Ahmed al-Sharaa and aims to guide Syria through a five-year transitional period until 2030.
The United States has expressed cautious optimism about the Syrian transitional government. While the U.S. has substantial interests in Syria, the new administration under President-elect Trump has indicated a potential shift in policy, including the possibility of withdrawing American troops from the region. [1] After a U.S. delegation to Damascus held a discussion with Ahmed al-Sharaa, described as "very productive" by Assistant Secretary of State Barbara Leaf, the U.S. scrapped a $10 million bounty for al-Sharaa's arrest. [2] On March 25, 2025, the Trump administration handed Syria a list of conditions in exchange for partial sanctions relief and its support for Syria's territorial integrity, which included Syria committing to destroying its remaining chemical weapons, cooperating on counter-terrorism, barring foreign fighters from senior government roles, assisting U.S. efforts to find Austin Tice, and designating the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps of Iran as a terrorist organization. [3] [4]
Turkey has been a significant supporter of the Syrian opposition and continues to play a crucial role in the region. The Turkish government recognizes the Syrian transitional government and has pledged to support its efforts to stabilize the country.[ citation needed ]
France was one of the first Western countries to recognize the Syrian opposition and has maintained its support for the transitional government. [5] French officials have emphasized the importance of a peaceful and inclusive transition in Syria. [6] [ citation needed ]
Qatar has recognized the Syrian transitional government and hosts several of its institutions on its territory. [7] The Qatari government has been a key ally in supporting the Syrian opposition's efforts to establish a new government.[ citation needed ]
Ukraine has supported the Syrian opposition by supplying drones and sending experienced drone operators to rebel-held Idlib. This played a major role in bringing about Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham's decisive success in the 2024 Syrian opposition offensives and the subsequent fall of the Assad regime. [8] Following regime change, Syria–Ukraine relations were reestablished, and Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy declared his intentions to support the Syrian transitional government. [9] [10]
Saudi Arabia sent substantial weaponry to opposition forces throughout the Syrian civil war, straining diplomatic relations with the Assad regime. [11] Although Saudi Arabia eventually normalized relations with the Syrian regime throughout 2023–2024, [12] it welcomed the fall of Assad, expressing its "satisfaction with the positive steps" in Syria. [13] On January 24, Saudi Foreign Minister Faisal bin Farhan visited Damascus, following discussions with the U.S. and Europe about lifting sanctions on Syria. [14]
The Arab League has had a complex relationship with the Syrian opposition. Initially, the League reserved Syria's seat for the opposition until 2014. Following the establishment of the Syrian transitional government, the Arab League has been in discussions about reinstating Syria's membership. [15]
The European Union recognized the Syrian National Coalition as the legitimate representative of the Syrian people in 2012. [16] The EU continues to support the transitional government's efforts to bring stability and democracy to Syria.[ citation needed ]
The GCC recognized the Syrian National Coalition as the legitimate representative of the Syrian people in November 2012. [17] The Council has been supportive of the transitional government's efforts to establish a stable and democratic Syria.[ citation needed ]
The Syrian transitional government faces significant challenges in uniting various factions and establishing a stable government. [18] The involvement of multiple factions, including the Kurdish Syrian Democratic Forces and Turkish-backed groups, adds complexity to the transitional period. The government's success will depend on its ability to manage these internal dynamics and gain international support. [19]
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