Franklin/Foxboro Line

Last updated
Franklin/Foxboro Line
Outbound train leaving Windsor Gardens station, July 2021.jpg
An outbound train at Windsor Gardens in 2021
Overview
Owner Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority
Locale Southeastern Massachusetts
Termini
Stations17
Website www.mbta.com/schedules/CR-Franklin
Service
Type Commuter rail
System Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority
Train number(s)700–731, 741–758 (weekday)
1700–1717 (Saturday)
2700–2717 (Sunday)
Operator(s) Keolis North America
Daily ridership8,771 (October 2022) [1]
Technical
Line length27.4 miles (44.1 km) [2]
Track gauge 4 ft 8+12 in (1,435 mm)
Route map
Franklin/Foxboro Line
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0.0 mi
0 km
South Station
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limited service via Fairmount
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1.2 mi
1.9 km
Back Bay
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Massachusetts Avenue
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2.2 mi
3.5 km
Ruggles
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Roxbury Crossing
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Jackson Square
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Stony Brook
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Green Street
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6.5 mi
10.5 km
Mount Hope
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8.4 mi
13.5 km
Hyde Park
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limited service via Fairmount
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9.5 mi
15.3 km
Readville
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10.9 mi
17.5 km
Endicott
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11.8 mi
19 km
Dedham Corporate Center
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12.5 mi
20.1 km
Islington
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14.3 mi
23 km
Norwood Depot
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14.8 mi
23.8 km
Norwood Central
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16.6 mi
26.7 km
Windsor Gardens
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17.7 mi
28.5 km
Plimptonville
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Lewis's Wye
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19.1 mi
30.7 km
Walpole
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22.6 mi
36.4 km
Foxboro
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23.0 mi
37 km
Norfolk
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27.5 mi
44.3 km
Franklin/Dean College
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30.3 mi
48.8 km
Forge Park/495
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36.4 mi
58.6 km
Blackstone
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The Franklin/Foxboro Line (formerly the Franklin Line) is part of the MBTA Commuter Rail system. It runs from Boston's South Station in a southwesterly direction toward Franklin, Massachusetts. Most weekday trains use the Northeast Corridor before splitting off onto the namesake Franklin Branch at Readville, though some weekday trains and all weekend trains use the Dorchester Branch (Fairmount Line) between Boston and Readville.

Contents

Foxboro station is located on the Framingham Secondary branch line, which connects with the Franklin Line at Walpole. Previously, trains only served the station during special events at Gillette Stadium. Pilot weekday service to Foxboro ran from October 2019 to November 2020; it resumed in May 2022 and was made permanent in October 2023.

History

Union Station in Walpole Walpole Union Station, Walpole MA.jpg
Union Station in Walpole
The line was extended to Forge Park/495 station in 1988 Forge Park 495 station platforms and building, May 2017.JPG
The line was extended to Forge Park/495 station in 1988

The earliest predecessor to the Franklin Line began in 1835 when the Boston and Providence Railroad built a branch from Dedham to Readville, connecting with the main line from Boston to Providence. This was followed, in 1848, by the Norfolk County Railroad, which ran from Dedham to Walpole. [3] After various mergers and acquisitions, the line become part of the New York and New England Railroad until 1898, the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad until 1968, and, ultimately, Penn Central until its 1970 bankruptcy.

What is today's Franklin Branch was a portion of the Midland Line of the New Haven's Midland Division, the New Haven's secondary route between Boston and New York; the MBTA's Dorchester Branch and the abandoned segments from Franklin to Willimantic, Connecticut via Blackstone were the remaining components of the Midland Line. In 1910, the passenger route on the Midland Line was a regional inter-city train that continued to New York via the Highland Line segment of the Highland Division between Willimantic and Waterbury, Connecticut, then continuing down the Housatonic Railroad to the New Haven Line. [4] Service was eventually shortened to Waterbury in 1937. [5]

However, in the 1940s and early 1950s service, including the New Haven's Nutmeg and several unnamed trains from Boston to Hartford and Waterbury continued. [6] It was shortened to Blackstone when the two southern spans of the bridge crossing the Quinebaug River in Putnam, Connecticut washed out during Hurricane Diane in 1955. The bridge was never repaired, and the line was abandoned between Willimantic and Putnam in 1959.

MBTA era

Service to Blackstone was discontinued in April 1966 when the MBTA began subsidizing the line; Franklin and beyond were not in the MBTA district, meaning that the towns themselves had to subsidize service, and only Franklin agreed to do so. [7] The easternmost bridge over the Blackstone River was washed out in the March 17-19th flooding of the river in 1968; the line beyond Franklin was abandoned 3 years later, [8] and is now preserved in full as the Southern New England Trunkline Trail. Between 1973 and 1976, the Commonwealth of Massachusetts bought almost all track assets in Southeastern Massachusetts, including the Franklin Branch, from the Penn Central's bankruptcy trustees. Ridership on the line tripled from 1982 to 1990. [9]

From the start of MBTA operations, Franklin was the terminus of the line. Service was extended to Forge Park/495 station on June 2, 1988, although the line retained its original name. [10] [7] Forge Park/495 is not on the former NY&NE main line to Woonsocket, but instead on the former Milford and Woonsocket Railroad, which last saw passenger service in 1938. [11] The MBTA leased the branch from Conrail for the extension, with the possibility of future purchase. [7] In February 2020, the MBTA voted to purchase the line from Franklin to Milford for $13 million. [12]

Double tracking

In early 2019, the MBTA begin installation of an additional 3.8 miles (6.1 km) of double track - 3.3 miles (5.3 km) of new track plus the conversion of an existing siding) - between Walpole and Norfolk. [13] Major construction was completed in April 2020. [14] The $30 million construction of an additional phase and preliminary design of a third were announced in November 2019. Phase 2 will add 3.5 miles (5.6 km) of double track between Franklin and Norfolk, with completion by the end of 2020; it will allow headways to drop from 45 to 35 minutes. Phase 3 is planned to complete double-tracking between just north of Franklin/Dean College station and just south of Readville station, including the modification of several stations. [15] [13] Total cost of the projects is expected to be $68 million. [16]

Foxboro service and COVID-19 changes

A train at Foxboro station in 2020 Train at Foxboro station (1), September 2020.jpg
A train at Foxboro station in 2020

From 1971 to 1973 and 1986 to 1988, Boston–Foxboro service for Foxboro Stadium events ran over the Franklin Line to Walpole, then over the Framingham Secondary to Foxboro. [17] [18] Intermediate stops for the 1980s iteration were at Readville and Norwood Central (plus Back Bay in 1988). [19] [20] The service ran over the Providence/Stoughton Line from 1989 to 1994, with a reverse move at Mansfield. It was routed back to the Franklin Line in 1995, with intermediate stops at Back Bay, Dedham Corporate Center, and Norwood Central. [21] [22] Norwood Central was dropped from these trains beginning with the 2011 season. [23] [24]

In September 2010, the MBTA completed a study to determine the feasibility of extending regular commuter rail service to Foxboro station via the Franklin Line. The study looked at extending some Fairmount Line service to Foxboro, running shuttle trains from Foxboro to Walpole, or a combination of both. [25] The MBTA planned to purchase trackage prior to restoring service; the Framingham Secondary, which provides access to Foxboro station, was acquired by the MBTA effective June 17, 2015. (CSX Transportation, the former owner of the branch, retained trackage rights over it.) [26]

In August 2017, the MBTA Fiscal Control Board approved an 11-month pilot program to test commuter rail service to Foxboro, with service planned to begin sometime in late 2018 or early 2019, although Fairmount Line advocates warned it might reduce service quality to existing Fairmount Line stations. [27] In October 2017, the MBTA indicated that service would begin on May 20, 2019. [28] Service during the trial period will consist of seven daily round trips - three during the morning peak period, three in the evening peak, and one midday. [29] The launch date was later delayed to October 21, 2019. [30] [7] By December 2019, daily boardings at Foxboro averaged 70 - one-third of the projected ridership. [31]

Substantially reduced schedules were in effect from March 16 to June 23, 2020. [7] Foxboro pilot service was suspended on November 2, 2020, with the intention for it to resume in Spring 2021. [32] In November 2020, as part of service cuts during the pandemic, the MBTA proposed to close Plimptonville along with five other low-ridership stations on other lines. [33] On December 14, the MBTA Board voted to enact a more limited set of cuts, including indefinitely closing Plimptonville and four of the other five stations. [34] [35] That day, temporary reduced schedules were again put into place. [36]

On January 23, 2021, reduced schedules went into place with no weekend service on seven lines, including the Franklin Line. [7] Service changes on April 5, 2021, added midday service as part of a transition to a regional rail model, with hourly service between Walpole and Boston and less frequent service south of Walpole. Foxboro service was not resumed at that time. [37] [38] As part of that schedule change, all Franklin Line trains operating via the Southwest Corridor began stopping at Ruggles station after an additional platform there was completed. [39] [38] Weekend service on the Franklin Line and the six other lines resumed on July 3, 2021. [40]

Four midday Foxboro round trips – but no peak Foxboro service – resumed on May 23, 2022. The line was renamed the Franklin/Foxboro Line at that time. [41] [42] Some Franklin/Foxboro Line trains began stopping at Forest Hills on September 3, 2022, to provide alternate service during a closure of the Orange Line. [43] Some peak-hour trains continued to stop after end of the closure on September 19. [44] A new one-year Foxboro pilot began on September 12, 2022. [45] As of September 2022, weekday service consists of 10+12 Boston–Foxboro round trips and 11+12 Boston–Forge Park round trips; weekend service has nine Boston–Forge Park round trips, with no Foxboro service. [46] By October 2022, daily ridership was 8,711 – 75% of pre-COVID ridership. [1] Foxboro service and the line's renaming were made permanent effective October 2, 2023. [47] Effective May 20, 2024, all weekend Franklin/Foxboro Line trains began operating over the Fairmount Line, with timed transfers to Providence/Stoughton Line trains at Readville station for connections to Ruggles and Back Bay. [48] [49]

Milford extension

In July 2011, the Boston Region Metropolitan Planning Organization began studying the viability of extending Franklin Line commuter rail service to Hopedale and Milford. The study would update a 1997 MBTA evaluation that concluded costs outweighed the benefits of a possible expansion. Local officials believe increased population and track upgrades to the Grafton and Upton Railroad may increase the viability of an extension. [50] 8 miles of track from Franklin Junction to Milford were leased by the MBTA from Conrail for the Forge Park/495 extension and to establish the possibility of future service to Milford. [7] A 2004 analysis determined that the extension would cost $70.5 million and attract about 1,800 additional riders per weekday. [51]

Station listing

Fare zoneLocation Miles (km) [52] StationConnections and notes
1A Boston 0.0 (0.0) Wheelchair symbol.svg South Station BSicon LOGO Amtrak2.svg Amtrak: Acela , Lake Shore Limited , Northeast Regional
MBTA.svg MBTA Commuter Rail: Fairmount, Framingham/Worcester, Greenbush, Needham, Old Colony, and Providence/Stoughton lines; CapeFlyer (seasonal)
MBTA.svg MBTA subway: Red Line, Silver Line (SL1 , SL2 , SL3 , SL4)
Aiga bus trans.svg MBTA bus: 4 , 7 ,  11
Aiga bus trans.svg Intercity buses at South Station Bus Terminal
1.2 (1.9) Wheelchair symbol.svg Back Bay BSicon LOGO Amtrak2.svg Amtrak: Acela Express, Lake Shore Limited, Northeast Regional
MBTA.svg MBTA Commuter Rail: Framingham/Worcester, Needham, and Providence/Stoughton lines
MBTA.svg MBTA subway: Orange Line
Aiga bus trans.svg MBTA bus: 10 ,  39
2.2 (3.5) Wheelchair symbol.svg Ruggles MBTA.svg MBTA Commuter Rail: Needham and Providence/Stoughton lines
MBTA.svg MBTA subway: Orange Line
Aiga bus trans.svg MBTA bus: 8 , 15 , 19 , 22 , 23 , 28 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 47 , CT2 ,  CT3
5.0 (8.0) Wheelchair symbol.svg Forest Hills MBTA.svg MBTA Commuter Rail: Needham and Providence/Stoughton lines
MBTA.svg MBTA subway: Orange Line
Aiga bus trans.svg MBTA bus: 16 , 21 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 34 , 34E , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 42 , 50 ,  51
6.5 (10.5) Mount Hope Closed November 2, 1979
18.4 (13.5) Wheelchair symbol.svg Hyde Park Aiga bus trans.svg MBTA bus: 24 , 32 , 33 ,  50
29.5 (15.3) Wheelchair symbol.svg Readville MBTA.svg MBTA Commuter Rail: Fairmount and Providence/Stoughton lines
Aiga bus trans.svg MBTA bus: 32 ,  33
Dedham 10.9 (17.5) Endicott
11.8 (19.0) Wheelchair symbol.svg Dedham Corporate Center
3 Westwood 12.5 (20.1) Islington
Norwood 14.3 (23.0) Wheelchair symbol.svg Norwood Depot
14.8 (23.8) Wheelchair symbol.svg Norwood Central
416.6 (26.7) Windsor Gardens
Walpole 17.7 (28.5) Plimptonville Closed December 14, 2020
19.1 (30.7) Walpole Junction with Framingham Secondary to Foxboro
Foxborough 22.6 (36.4) Wheelchair symbol.svg Foxboro Located on the Framingham Secondary
5 Norfolk 23.0 (37.0) Wheelchair symbol.svg Norfolk Aiga bus trans.svg GATRA: Medway T shuttle
6 Franklin 27.5 (44.3) Franklin/Dean College
30.3 (48.8) Wheelchair symbol.svg Forge Park/495 Located on the Milford Secondary
Blackstone 36.4 (58.6) Blackstone Closed April 24, 1966
  Currently operating station

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">MBTA Commuter Rail</span> Greater Boston commuter rail system

The MBTA Commuter Rail system serves as the commuter rail arm of the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority's (MBTA's) transportation coverage of Greater Boston in the United States. Trains run over 394 mi (634 km) of track to 135 stations. It is operated under contract by Keolis, which took over operations on July 1, 2014, from the Massachusetts Bay Commuter Railroad Company (MBCR).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Forest Hills station (MBTA)</span> Transit station in Boston, Massachusetts, US

Forest Hills station is an intermodal transfer station in Boston, Massachusetts. It serves the MBTA rapid transit Orange Line and three MBTA Commuter Rail lines and is a major terminus for MBTA bus routes. It is located in Forest Hills, in the southern part of the Jamaica Plain neighborhood. Most Providence/Stoughton Line and Franklin/Foxboro Line trains, and all Amtrak Northeast Corridor trains, pass through the station without stopping. Forest Hills station is fully accessible on all modes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fairmount Line</span> MBTA Commuter Rail line

The Fairmount Line or Dorchester Branch is a line of the MBTA Commuter Rail system in Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Except for a short portion in Milton, it lies entirely within Boston, running southwest from South Station through the neighborhoods of Dorchester, Mattapan and Hyde Park. Weekend service began on November 29, 2014. Most trains reverse direction at the south end at Readville, but some Franklin/Foxboro Line trains use the Fairmount Line rather than the Northeast Corridor.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Foxboro station</span> Train station in Foxborough, Massachusetts, US

Foxboro station is an MBTA Commuter Rail station in Foxborough, Massachusetts, located adjacent to Gillette Stadium and the Patriot Place shopping center. The station has a single side platform serving the main track of the Framingham Secondary. It is the terminus of a branch of the Franklin/Foxboro Line service, and is served by trains from Boston via the Franklin/Foxboro Line and from Providence via the Providence/Stoughton Line during events at Gillette Stadium.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Needham Line</span> MBTA Commuter Rail line

The Needham Line is a branch of the MBTA Commuter Rail system, running west from downtown Boston, Massachusetts through Roxbury, Jamaica Plain, Roslindale, West Roxbury, and the town of Needham. The second-shortest line of the system at just 13.7 miles (22.0 km) long, it carried 4,881 daily riders in October 2022. Unlike the MBTA's eleven other commuter rail lines, the Needham Line is not a former intercity mainline; instead, it is composed of a former branch line, a short segment of one intercity line, and a 1906-built connector.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Providence/Stoughton Line</span> Line of the Boston MBTA Commuter Rail system

The Providence/Stoughton Line is an MBTA Commuter Rail service in Massachusetts and Rhode Island, primarily serving the southwestern suburbs of Boston. Most service runs entirely on the Northeast Corridor between South Station in Boston and Providence station or Wickford Junction station in Rhode Island, while the Stoughton Branch splits at Canton Junction and terminates at Stoughton. It is the longest MBTA Commuter Rail line, and the only one that operates outside Massachusetts. The line is the busiest on the MBTA Commuter Rail system, with 17,648 daily boardings in an October 2022 count.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Plimptonville station</span> Former railway station in Walpole, MA

Plimptonville station was an MBTA Commuter Rail station in Walpole, Massachusetts. It was located near the Neponset River next to a small dirt parking lot between Plimpton Street and the tracks. It was a flag stop on the Franklin Line, and received the least service of any MBTA station, with just one round trip per day, consisting of an inbound morning train and an outbound evening train at the height of rush hour. Ridership on that round trip averaged just 12 passengers daily by a 2018 count.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Union Station (Walpole, Massachusetts)</span> Railway station in Walpole, Massachusetts, US

Union Station, also known as Walpole station, is an MBTA Commuter Rail station in Walpole, Massachusetts. It is located at the crossing of the Franklin Branch and Framingham Secondary just west of downtown Walpole. The station has one side platform on the Franklin Branch serving the Franklin/Foxboro Line service. Unlike most MBTA stations, Walpole station is not accessible.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Franklin/Dean College station</span> Railway station in Franklin, Massachusetts, US

Franklin/Dean College station is an MBTA Commuter Rail station located in Franklin, Massachusetts near Dean College. It serves the Franklin/Foxboro Line, for which it was the terminus from 1966 to 1988. The station has a mid-sized park and ride lot to serve town residents; Forge Park/495 station is intended to serve commuters from other nearby towns. The 1912-built station building still serves as a waiting hall and café, open during morning commute hours on weekdays. Franklin/Dean College station has a single side platform serving the line's single track; it is not accessible.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hyde Park station (MBTA)</span> Train station in Boston, Massachusetts, US

Hyde Park station is an MBTA Commuter Rail station in Boston, Massachusetts. It primarily serves the Providence/Stoughton Line, and also serves some weekday outbound Franklin/Foxboro Line trains. It is located on the Northeast Corridor in the Hyde Park neighborhood.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Readville station</span> Railway station in Boston, Massachusetts, US

Readville station is a Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA) commuter rail station located in the Readville section of the Hyde Park neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts. It is served by the MBTA Commuter Rail Fairmount, Franklin/Foxboro, and Providence/Stoughton Lines. Readville is the outer terminus for most Fairmount service, though some trips continue as Franklin/Foxboro Line trains. The station is located at a multi-level junction, with the Attleboro Line tracks at ground level and the Dorchester Branch above. Franklin/Foxboro Line trains that run on the Northeast Corridor use a connecting track with a separate platform. An MBTA maintenance and storage yard and a CSX Transportation freight yard are located near the station.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dedham Corporate Center station</span> Railroad station in Dedham, Massachusetts

Dedham Corporate Center station is an MBTA Commuter Rail station in Dedham, Massachusetts. It serves the Franklin/Foxboro Line, and is located just off exit 28 of Interstate 95/Route 128. It serves mostly as a park-and-ride location. The station consists of two platforms serving the Franklin/Foxboro Line's two tracks. Previous stations named Dedham Junction and Rust Craft (1955–1977) were located near the modern site.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Norwood Depot</span> Rail station in Norwood, Massachusetts, US

Norwood Depot is an MBTA Commuter Rail Franklin/Foxboro Line station located in downtown Norwood, Massachusetts. The station has two side platforms serving the two tracks of the Franklin Branch, each with a mini-high section for accessibility. The Norfolk County Railroad opened through South Dedham in 1849, with a station at the modern location. It was renamed Norwood in 1872. The line came under control of the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad in 1895. The Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA) began subsidizing service in 1966 and purchased the line in 1973. Under the MBTA, renovations to the station were made around 1977 and 1992.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Norwood Central station</span> Rail station in Massachusetts

Norwood Central station is an MBTA Commuter Rail Franklin/Foxboro Line station located near downtown Norwood, Massachusetts. The station has two side platforms serving the two tracks of the Franklin Branch, each with a mini-high section for accessibility. It serves as a park-and-ride location for Boston's southwest suburbs; with 1,041 daily riders it is the busiest station on the line outside Boston. The former station building, a one-story yellow brick structure, has been converted to commercial use.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Forge Park/495 station</span> Rail station in Franklin, Massachusetts, US

Forge Park/495 station is a Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA) commuter rail station served by the Franklin/Foxboro Line. It is located off Route 140 near Interstate 495 in Franklin, Massachusetts, United States. A park and ride station serving southwestern Boston suburbs and northeastern Rhode Island, it is the outer terminus of the Franklin/Foxboro Line. The station has two side platforms serving a single track, with an accessible mini-high platform and a station building on the south platform.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lansdowne station (MBTA)</span> Railway station in Boston, Massachusetts, US

Lansdowne station is an MBTA Commuter Rail station in Boston, Massachusetts. It serves the Framingham/Worcester Line. Lansdowne is located next to the Massachusetts Turnpike in the Fenway–Kenmore neighborhood near Kenmore Square, below grade between Beacon Street and Brookline Avenue.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Windsor Gardens station</span> Railway station in Norwood, Massachusetts, US

Windsor Gardens station is a Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA) Franklin/Foxboro Line station in southern Norwood, Massachusetts. The station has a single side platform serving a single track; it is not accessible. The only entrance to the station is from an adjacent apartment complex; use of the station is not restricted to residents of the complex, though there is no public parking.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dedham Branch</span> Railroad in Massachusetts

The Dedham Branch was a spur line of the Boston and Providence Railroad, opened in 1835, which ran from the junction with the main line at Readville through to central Dedham; it was the first railroad branch line in Massachusetts. In 1966, it became part of the MBTA Commuter Rail system, but was abandoned the next year.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Millis Branch</span>

The Millis Branch was a branch of what is now the MBTA Commuter Rail system in Massachusetts, United States. Branching off the still-operating Needham Line at Needham Junction, it ran through the towns of Dover, Medfield, Millis, and Medway. Due to lack of subsidies and poor ridership, the line was cut back to Millis station in April 1966, and all service ended on April 21, 1967, with the exception of some freight use on short portions of the line.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">History of rail in Dedham, Massachusetts</span>

The history of rail in Dedham, Massachusetts begins with the introduction of the first rail line in 1836 and runs to the present day. Multiple railroads have serviced Dedham since then, and current service is provided by the MBTA. The station in Dedham Square built in 1881 out of Dedham Granite was demolished in 1951 and the stones were used to put an addition on the Town's library. There are two active stations today, and multiple others in close proximity.

References

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  11. Karr, Ronald Dale (1995). The Rail Lines of Southern New England. Branch Line Press. pp. 304–306. ISBN   0942147022.
  12. "Milford Secondary Acquisition" (PDF). Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority. February 24, 2020.
  13. 1 2 Didtamo, Rob (November 18, 2019). "Franklin Double Track" (PDF). Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority.
  14. "Franklin Line Double Track". Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority. Archived from the original on May 19, 2020.
  15. "FMCB Approves Franklin Line Double Track Phase 2 Work and Phase 3 Preliminary Design Work" (Press release). Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority. November 18, 2019.
  16. "Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority FY23-27 Capital Investment Plan (CIP): Proposed" (PDF). Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority. March 2022. p. 60.
  17. "Special trains planned for Patriots' stadium". Boston Globe. July 17, 1971. p. 19 via Newspapers.com.
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