Statistics Canada conducts a country-wide census that collects demographic data every five years on the first and sixth year of each decade. The 2016 Canadian Census enumerated a total population of 35,151,728, an increase of around 5.0 percent over the 2011 figure. Between 2011 and May 2016, Canada's population grew by 1.7 million people, with immigrants accounting for two-thirds of the increase. Between 1990 and 2008, the population increased by 5.6 million, equivalent to 20.4 percent overall growth. The main drivers of population growth are immigration and, to a lesser extent, natural growth.
Listed here are the ethnic groups of Canadian residents as self-identified in the 2016 census in which approximately 35,151,000 census forms were completed). The relevant census question asked for "the ethnic or cultural origins" of the respondent's ancestors and not the respondents themselves.
Lebanese Canadians are Canadians of Lebanese origin. According to the 2016 Census there were 219,555 Canadians who claimed Lebanese ancestry, showing an increase compared to the 2006 Census, making them by far the largest group of people with Arabic-speaking roots.
Assyrian Canadians are Canadians of Assyrian descent or Assyrians who have Canadian citizenship. According to the 2011 Census there were 10,810 Canadians who claimed Assyrian ancestry, an increase compared to the 8,650 in the 2006 Census.
Ontario, one of the 13 provinces and territories of Canada, is located in east-central Canada. It is Canada's most populous province by a large margin, accounting for nearly 40 per cent of all Canadians, and is the second-largest province in total area. Ontario is fourth-largest in total area when the territories of the Northwest Territories and Nunavut are included. It is home to the nation's capital city, Ottawa, and the nation's most populous city, Toronto.
Czech Canadians are Canadian citizens of Czech ancestry or Czech-born people who reside in Canada. They were frequently called Bohemian Canadians until the late 19th century. According to the 2006 Canadian census, there were 98,090 Canadians of full or partial Czech descent.
Egyptian Canadians are Canadian citizens of Egyptian descent, first-generation Egyptian immigrants, or descendants of Egyptians who emigrated to Canada. According to the 2011 Census there were 73,250 Canadian citizens who are from Egypt, having an increase compared to those in the 2006 Census.
Brazilian Canadians or Brazo-Canadians are Canadians of Brazilian descent or Brazilians who have immigrated to Canada.
Montenegrin Canadians are Canadian citizens of Montenegrin descent or Montenegro-born people who reside in Canada. According to the 2011 Census, 2,970 Canadians claimed full or partial Montenegrin ancestry, compared to 2,370 in 2006.
Uruguayan Canadians are Canadian citizens of Uruguayan descent or persons of Uruguayan descent residing in Canada. Uruguayans who have immigrated to Canada. According to the 2016 Census there were 6,795 Canadians who claimed full or partial Uruguayan ancestry. Modern estimates put the figure of people with at least some Uruguayan heritage in Canada at about 20,000.
Tatar Canadians are Canadian citizens of Tatar descent residing in Canada. According to the 2011 Census there were 2,850 Canadians who claimed Tatar ancestry. Most of them (1,245−2,000) live in Toronto, Ontario.
Algerian Canadians are Canadian citizens of Algerian ancestry or Algeria-born people residing in Canada, as well as people from the state of Algeria who are ethno-linguistic and religious minorities. According to the 2011 Census there were 49,110 Canadians who claimed full or partial Algerian ancestry. Canada is home to the largest Algerian community in North America.
Swiss Canadians are Canadian citizens of Swiss ancestry or people who emigrated from Switzerland and reside in Canada. According to the 2011 Census there were 146,830 Canadians who claimed Swiss ancestry, having an increase compared to those 137,775 in the 2006 Census.
Palestinian Canadians are Canadian citizens of Palestinian descent or Palestine-born people residing in Canada. According to the 2016 Census there were 70,500 Canadians who claimed Palestinian ancestry.
Berber Canadians are Canadian citizens of Berber descent or persons of Berber descent residing in Canada. According to the 2011 Census there were 25,885 Canadians who claimed Berber ancestry.
Austrian Canadians are Canadian citizens who are of Austrian ancestry or Austrian-born people who reside in Canada. According to the 2016 Census there were 207,050 Canadians who claimed either full or partial Austrian ancestry.
Copts in Canada are Canadian citizens of Coptic descent or people of Coptic descent residing in Canada.
Libyan Canadians are Canadians of Libyan descent.
Saudi Canadians are Canadians of Saudi descent or Saudis who have Canadian citizenship. According to the 2011 Census there were 7,955 Canadians who claimed Saudi ancestry.
Kuwaiti Canadians are Canadians of Kuwaiti descent or Kuwaitis who have Canadian citizenship.
