I'm Your Baby Tonight

Last updated
I'm Your Baby Tonight
Whitney Houston - I'm Your Baby Tonight.png
Studio album by
Whitney Houston
ReleasedNovember 6, 1990
Studio
Genre
Length53:45
Label
Producer
Whitney Houston chronology
Whitney
(1987)		I'm Your Baby Tonight
(1990)		 The Bodyguard: Original Soundtrack Album
(1992)
Singles from I'm Your Baby Tonight
  1. "I'm Your Baby Tonight"
    Released: October 2, 1990
  2. "All the Man That I Need"
    Released: December 4, 1990
  3. "Miracle"
    Released: April 16, 1991
  4. "My Name Is Not Susan"
    Released: July 21, 1991
  5. "I Belong to You"
    Released: October 18, 1991
  6. "We Didn't Know"
    Released: April 14, 1992
Professional ratings
Review scores
SourceRating
AllMusic Star full.svgStar full.svgStar empty.svgStar empty.svgStar empty.svg [3]
The Baltimore Sun (negative) [4]
Entertainment Weekly D+ [5]
Los Angeles Times Star full.svgStar full.svgStar half.svgStar empty.svg [6]
Rolling Stone Star full.svgStar full.svgStar full.svgStar empty.svgStar empty.svg [7]
(The New) Rolling Stone Album Guide Star full.svgStar half.svgStar empty.svgStar empty.svgStar empty.svg [8]
Smash Hits 5/10 [9]

I'm Your Baby Tonight is the third studio album by American singer Whitney Houston. It was released on November 6, 1990, by Arista Records. The album has been certified quadruple platinum in the US by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). [10] [11]

Contents

Background

By 1989, Whitney Houston had become one of the most successful musicians in the industry, with her last two albums— Whitney Houston (1985) and Whitney (1987)—having sold a combined 30 million copies at the time. Houston's crossover blend of pop and R&B had helped her to break barriers on pop radio and on MTV, which along with the commercial breakthrough of Michael Jackson, led to the music industry enjoying "the best time for crossover artists since the height of disco in the mid-to-late '70s", according to journalist Frank Rizzo in 1987. [12] Despite this, however, some black critics began to voice their disapproval of Houston's music, especially with her sophomore release, Whitney, which included the number-one hits, the dance-pop hit "I Wanna Dance with Somebody (Who Loves Me)" and, in particular, the rock song, "So Emotional", accusing the singer of "selling out". [13] They also felt that her records lacked the soul of her live performances of the same songs. [14] Houston's name was jeered by some in the audience at both the 1988 and 1989 Soul Train Music Awards (where she first met future husband Bobby Brown) after she was announced as a nominee in a category. [15] Houston defended herself against the criticism telling Essence magazine in 1990, "If you're gonna have a long career, there's a certain way to do it and I did it that way. I'm not ashamed of it." [14]

Still, both Houston and her label head Clive Davis agreed to go into a more urban direction as popular music was starting to embrace a new urban pop sound called new jack swing. Even as her sophomore album Whitney was blanketing airwaves in the spring of 1988, music industry insiders were speculating that "[t]here is talk her next album will have a 'black direction'." [16] As the material on her previous albums had been picked by the label, Houston wanted more creative control over the album's content. As a result, Houston would serve as an executive producer for the first time on an album. She recruited the new jack swing production team of L.A. Reid and Babyface, citing their work on Bobby Brown's Don't Be Cruel , to help her with her new direction. The duo would present the songs "I'm Your Baby Tonight", "My Name Is Not Susan", their sole ballad "Miracle" and "Anymore". Houston also recruited longtime idol Stevie Wonder on the album with the two collaborating on the Wonder-composed duet, "We Didn't Know", while longtime friend, singer Luther Vandross, penned the dance-pop song "Who Do You Love".

Houston would also produce a song herself, "I'm Knockin'", which was written for her by longtime musical collaborator and the musical director of her concert tours, Rickey Minor and BeBe Winans. Houston would co-produce and co-write another song with Winans titled "Takin' a Chance". Houston and Davis kept previous producers Michael Masser and Narada Michael Walden. With Masser, Houston was received the soft rock song, "After We Make Love", which would end up being their last collaboration together, while with Walden, Houston recorded the songs "I Belong to You", "Lover for Life", and the Linda Clifford ballad "All the Man That I Need", the sole cover of the album. Houston and Walden also worked on songs such as "Higher Love", "Dancing on the Smooth Edge" and "Feels So Good". At the end, "Takin' a Chance" and the three latter Walden productions were left off the album's final track list, except in Japan where "Higher Love" and "Takin' a Chance" were featured.

Music

I'm Your Baby Tonight's Walden-produced songs are divided by contemporary dance-pop tracks and ornate ballads, while Reid and Babyface's productions reappropriate 1970s black pop and danceable funk with aggressive 1980s dance rhythms. [7] According to AllMusic's Ashley S. Battel, Houston "attempts to make a larger foray into dance music" with this album, [3] while David Browne observed light synthesizer flourishes, thumping drum beats, and "dance-fever settings" throughout. [5] James Hunter of Rolling Stone described the album as "a case study in how much [Houston] can get out of her luscious and straightforward vocal gifts within a dancepop framework." [7] J. D. Considine wrote that Houston's singing on the album features "sultry moans, note-bending asides, [and] window-rattling gospel shouts". [4] Rolling Stone magazine's Jim Macnie said that the album "displayed a slick R&B edge" and features "funk-and-dance-driven pop". [1]

Commercial performance

In the United States, I'm Your Baby Tonight debuted at number 22 on the Billboard 200 chart, for the issue dated November 24, 1990. In its second week, it leapt to number five; the following week saw its peak position, at number three. The album spent 22 weeks in the top ten, and was on the chart for a total of 51 weeks. [17] It also debuted at number 10 on the Billboard Top R&B Albums chart, the issue date of December 1, 1990, and reached the number one position of that chart three weeks later. [18] [19] The record was at the top of the R&B/Hip-Hop chart for eight non-consecutive weeks, and was present on that chart for a total of 53 weeks. [19] [20] Due to its great performance on the chart, it became the #1 R&B album on the Billboard year-end charts for 1991. [21] [22] The album was certified 4× platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America on April 5, 1995, and since Nielsen SoundScan began tracking sales data in May 1991, it had sold (as of 2009) 1,728,000 copies in the United States; this numerical amount does not include copies sold in the initial months of the album's release or its sales through mail-order sources such as Columbia House or BMG Music Club. [23] [24] This is not its sales total, as the biggest portion of the sales occurred in November 1990, before there was Nielsen SoundScan.

The album was a hit internationally (though its sales didn't reach a level as high as the previous two albums), boosting Houston to global super-stardom. In Britain, it entered the UK Albums Chart at number 6 on November 17, 1990, and peaked at number 4, nine weeks later. [25] [26] The British Phonographic Industry certified the album Platinum, for shipments of 300,000 units, on November 1, 1990. In Germany, the album peaked at number three on the Media Control Albums Chart, receiving Platinum certification (for shipments of 500,000 copies), by the Bundesverband Musikindustrie, in 1991. It also reached the top five in other countries, such as Austria, [27] Norway, [28] Sweden, [29] and Switzerland. [30] To date, the album has sold approximately 10 million copies worldwide. [31]

Singles

I'm Your Baby Tonight yielded four top-twenty singles on the Hot 100 Singles chart, and six top-twenty singles on the Hot R&B Singles chart between 1990 and 1992. "I'm Your Baby Tonight" and "All the Man That I Need" both reached number 1. This success earned Houston a ranking of number 3 Pop singles artist and number 1 R&B singles artist on the 1991 Billboard year-end charts. [21] [32]

The title track, "I'm Your Baby Tonight", was released as the first single from the album in October 1990. While the L.A. Reid/Babyface mix version was released in the United States, an alternate Yvonne Turner mix, labeled the international version or European version, was released in other countries. The single debuted at number forty-two on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart in the week ending October 20, 1990. Six weeks later, in the issue dated December 1, 1990, it reached number one and stayed there for a week, becoming Houston's eighth number-one single on the chart. [33] It also peaked at number one in the same week on the Hot R&B Singles chart and remained on the top for two weeks, making it her fourth R&B chart topper. [34] In addition, the song peaked at number seven on the Hot Adult Contemporary chart, spending a total of twenty-eight weeks on the chart. [35] The single was certified Gold for shipments of 500,000 copies by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) on November 27, 1990. [36] Worldwide it was a big hit during her European promotion in November–December 1990. In Italy, it reached number one on the Musica e dischi singles chart in November 1990 and remained atop for five weeks, becoming her second number-one song on the chart, after 1987's "I Wanna Dance with Somebody (Who Loves Me)".[ citation needed ] In the United Kingdom, the single entered the UK Singles Chart at number sixteen on October 20, 1990, and peaked at number five two weeks later, becoming her eighth top ten hit. [37] [38] It also reached the top five in many countries such as Austria, [39] Belgium, [40] France, [41] Germany, [42] the Netherlands, [43] Norway, [44] Sweden, [45] and Switzerland. [46] It also went top ten in Australia and Ireland. [47] [48] Houston was nominated for Best Pop Vocal Performance, Female with this track at the 33rd Grammy Awards of 1991. [49]

Houston's remake of a ballad, "All the Man That I Need" was the album's second single, released in December 1990. The single achieved great success on the Billboard charts. It debuted at number fifty-three on the Hot 100 on December 22, 1990, and topped the chart nine weeks later, in the issue dated February 23, 1991. [50] On March 2, 1991, when it reached the number one on the Hot R&B Singles chart, the single enjoyed its second and third week at the top of the Hot 100 and Hot Adult Contemporary chart, respectively. [51] [52] [53] As a result, it became her first single to top the Hot 100, Hot R&B, and Hot Adult Contemporary chart simultaneously—which "I Will Always Love You" also achieved for five weeks in 1992/93—and overall her third triple-crown hit, after 1985's "Saving All My Love for You" and 1986's "How Will I Know" both reached the top spot on those three charts in different weeks. The RIAA certified it Gold on March 21, 1991. [54] Unlike the United States, it was a modest hit globally. It peaked at number one on the Canadian RPM Top 100 Singles chart for one week and number ten on Belgian VRT Top 30 chart. [55] [56] However, it only reached the top twenty in Ireland, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. [48] [57] [58] With this song, Houston received a nomination for Best Pop Vocal Performance, Female at the 34th Grammy Awards in 1992, which was her fifth nomination in that category. [49]

After the release of "The Star Spangled Banner" single, "Miracle" was released as the third single from the album in April 1991. It peaked at number nine on the Billboard Hot 100 on June 8, 1991, becoming her thirteenth top ten hit on the chart. [59] It also reached number two and number four, on the Hot R&B Singles and Adult Contemporary chart, respectively. [60] [61]

The album's fourth single "My Name Is Not Susan" was released in July 1991. In September, the song peaked at number twenty on the Hot 100 and number eight on the Hot R&B, becoming her fifteenth R&B top ten hit. [62]

A fifth single, "I Belong to You", became a top ten R&B single and garnered Houston a Grammy nomination for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance at the 35th Grammy Awards. [63] [64]

"We Didn't Know", a duet with Stevie Wonder, was the sixth and final single from the album, released exclusively for R&B airplay in April 1992. It peaked at number twenty on the Hot R&B Singles chart in the issue dated July 4, 1992. [65] Included on the tracklisting of the album's Japanese edition is a cover of Steve Winwood's "Higher Love", which was resurrected by Norwegian DJ Kygo in 2019, and "Takin' a Chance"; the latter became a success in the country.

Promotion and appearances

Tour

DateTitleDetails
December 4, 1990 The Arsenio Hall Show
December 11, 1990 The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson
(Guest Host: Jay Leno)
  • Houston performed "All the Man That I Need" and interviewed by Jay Leno, followed by another performance of "Do You Hear What I Hear?".
January 4, 1991The Arsenio Hall Show
February 23, 1991 Saturday Night Live
  • Musical guest; performance: "I'm Your Baby Tonight" and "All the Man That I Need".
March 31, 1991 Welcome Home Heroes
with Whitney Houston
May 12, 1991The Simple Truth:
A Concert for Kurdish Refugees
  • This five-hour telethon broadcast in 36 countries which raised $15 million. The main concert was staged at Wembley Arena, with five satellite sites beaming concerts from around the world. [70]
  • Houston allowed MTV to simulcast her performances of "My Name Is Not Susan", "Miracle" and "Greatest Love of All" at her Oakland, California concert during a telethon held to aid the Kurds.
June 23, 1991Coca Cola Pop Music
Backstage Pass to Summer
January 27, 1992 The 19th American Music Awards
  • Houston performed a medley of "I'm Your Baby Tonight", "My Name Is Not Susan" and "Who Do You Love" introduced by MC Hammer. [72]
February 16, 1992 Muhammad Ali's 50th Birthday Celebration
May 6, 1992Whitney Houston: This Is My Life

Track listing

I'm Your Baby Tonight – Standard edition
No.TitleWriter(s)Producer(s)Length
1."I'm Your Baby Tonight"
  • Reid
  • Babyface
4:59
2."My Name Is Not Susan"Eric Foster White
  • Reid
  • Babyface
4:39
3."All the Man That I Need"
 Narada Michael Walden 4:11
4."Lover for Life" Sam Dees Walden4:49
5."Anymore"
  • Reid
  • Babyface
  • Reid
  • Babyface
4:23
6."Miracle"
  • Reid
  • Babyface
  • Reid
  • Babyface
5:42
7."I Belong to You"
  • Derek Bramble
  • Franne Golde
Walden5:30
8."Who Do You Love"
Vandross3:57
9."We Didn't Know" (duet with Stevie Wonder)Stevie WonderWonder5:30
10."After We Make Love"
Masser5:07
11."I'm Knockin'"
  • Minor
  • Whitney Houston
4:58
Japanese edition – bonus tracks [76]
No.TitleWriter(s)Producer(s)Length
12."Takin' a Chance"
  • Winans
  • Thomas
4:11
13."Higher Love"
Walden5:09

Notes

Personnel

Production

  • L.A. Reid - producer (tracks: "I'm Your Baby Tonight", "My Name Is Not Susan", "Anymore" and "Miracle"), arranger
  • Babyface - producer (tracks: "I'm Your Baby Tonight", "My Name Is Not Susan", "Anymore" and "Miracle"), arranger
  • Jon Gass - recording
  • Barney Perkins - recording
  • Donnell Sullivan - engineer
  • Ryan Dorn - engineer
  • Jim Zumpano - engineer
  • Cynthia Ahiloh - production coordination
  • Marsha Burns - production coordination
  • Susanne Edgren - production coordination
  • Janice Lee - production coordination
  • Cynthia Shiloh - production coordination
  • Kevin Walden - production coordination
  • Gar Wood - production coordination
  • Stephanie Andrews - project coordinator
  • Robert A. Arbittier - sound design
  • Louis Biancaniello - drum programming, additional programming
  • Walter Afanasieff - drum programming
  • Ren Klyce - programming
  • Ricky Lawson - programming
  • Jason Miles - programming
  • David Ward II - programming
  • Hubert Eaves III - drum programming
  • Skip Anderson - keyboard programming
  • Donald Parks - keyboard programming
  • John Anderson - arranger
  • Hubert Eaves III - keyboard programming, arranger
  • Whitney Houston - arranger, vocal arrangement
  • Randy Kerber - arranger
  • Robbie Kondor - arranger
  • Ricky Minor - arranger, horn arrangements
  • Billy Myers - arranger, horn arrangements
  • Steve Tavaglione - arranger, horn arrangements
  • Luther Vandross - arranger
  • Narada Michael Walden - arranger
  • BeBe Winans - arranger
  • CeCe Winans - arranger
  • Stevie Wonder - arranger
  • Jerry Hey - string arrangements
  • Susan Mendola - art direction
  • Andrea Blanch - photography
  • Tim White - photography
  • Bernard Maisner - lettering
  • Kevyn Aucoin - make-u
  • Patrick Poussard - make-up
  • Barbara Dente - stylist
  • Ellen La Var - hair stylist
  • George Marino - mastering

Charts

Certifications and sales

RegionCertification Certified units/sales
Australia (ARIA) [101] Platinum70,000^
Austria (IFPI Austria) [102] Platinum50,000*
Brazil—250,000 [103]
Canada (Music Canada) [104] Platinum100,000^
Finland (Musiikkituottajat) [105] Gold35,702 [105]
France (SNEP) [106] Platinum300,000*
Germany (BVMI) [107] Platinum500,000^
Ghana—7,000 [108]
Japan (RIAJ) [109] 2× Platinum400,000^
Netherlands (NVPI) [110] Platinum100,000^
Spain (PROMUSICAE) [111] 2× Platinum200,000^
Sweden (GLF) [112] Platinum100,000^
Switzerland (IFPI Switzerland) [113] 2× Platinum100,000^
United Kingdom (BPI) [114] Platinum300,000^
United States (RIAA) [115] 4× Platinum4,150,000 [116]
Summaries
Worldwide—10,000,000 [31]

* Sales figures based on certification alone.
^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.

Accolades

American Black Achievement Awards

The Music Award is for the most creative and enduring contribution by a performer in live appearances or as a recording artist. Houston was presented this award for her achievements as an award-winning recording, performing and video artist, for her successful I'm Your Baby Tonight World Tour , for her best-selling video and single of "The Star-Spangled Banner" performed at Super Bowl XXV and for her multi-platinum album, I'm Your Baby Tonight. [117]

YearNominee / workAwardResult
1991Whitney Houston (herself)The Music Award [117] Won

American Music Awards

YearNominee / workAwardResult
1992 Whitney Houston (herself) Favorite Pop/Rock Female Artist [118] Nominated
Favorite Soul/R&B Female Artist [118] Nominated
I'm Your Baby Tonight Favorite Soul/R&B Album [118] Nominated
Whitney Houston (herself) Favorite Adult Contemporary Artist [118] Nominated
I'm Your Baby Tonight Favorite Adult Contemporary Album [118] Nominated

Billboard Music Awards

YearNominee / workAwardResult
1991Whitney Houston (herself)Top Pop Album Artists - Female [21] [22] Nominated
Top Pop Singles Artist [21] [22] Nominated
Top Pop Singles Artist - Female [21] [22] Nominated
Top R&B Artist #1 [21] [22] Won
I'm Your Baby TonightTop R&B Album #1 [21] [22] Won
Whitney Houston (herself)Top R&B Album Artist #1 [21] [22] Won
Top R&B Singles Artist #1 [21] [22] Won
"All the Man That I Need"Top Adult Contemporary Single [21] [22] Nominated

BRIT Awards

YearNominee / workAwardResult
1991Whitney Houston (herself)Best International Female Artist [119] Nominated

Grammy Awards

YearNominee / workAwardResult
1991 "I'm Your Baby Tonight" Best Pop Vocal Performance, Female [120] Nominated
1992 "All the Man That I Need"Best Pop Vocal Performance, Female [120] Nominated
1993 "I Belong to You" Best R&B Vocal Performance, Female [121] Nominated

NAACP Image Awards

YearNominee / workAwardResult
1992 HBO Presents Welcome Home Heroes with Whitney Houston Outstanding Variety Series or Special [122] Nominated
"I'm Your Baby Tonight" Outstanding Female Artist [123] Nominated

The CableACE Awards

YearNominee / workAwardResult
1992HBO Presents Welcome Home Heroes with Whitney HoustonPerformance in a Music Special or Series [124] Won
Music Special [124] Nominated

Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) Awards

YearDateTitleFormat(s)Award description(s)Result(s)
1990November 27"I'm Your Baby Tonight"SingleGold [36] Won
1991January 15I'm Your Baby TonightAlbumGold [36] Won
I'm Your Baby TonightAlbumPlatinum [36] Won
I'm Your Baby TonightAlbum2× Multi-Platinum [36] Won
March 21"All the Man That I Need"SingleGold [54] Won
May 2I'm Your Baby TonightAlbum3× Multi-Platinum [54] Won
1995April 5I'm Your Baby TonightAlbum4× Multi-Platinum [23] Won

Soul Train Music Awards

YearNominee / workAwardResult
1992I'm Your Baby Tonight Best R&B/Soul Album, Female [125] Nominated
"All the Man That I Need" Best R&B/Soul Single, Female [125] Nominated

Billboard Magazine Year-End Charts

Categories which Houston was ranked #1, were excluded. See above awards list for her #1-ranked-categories.

YearCategoryWorkPosition
1991
[32] 		Top Pop Artiststotal six charted singles & albums#6
Top AlbumsI'm Your Baby Tonight#10
Top Album Artistsone charted album#11
Top Album Artists – Femaleone charted album#3
Top Pop Singles"All the Man That I Need"#16
"I'm Your Baby Tonight"#42
Top Pop Singles Artistsfive charted singles#3
Top Pop Singles Artists – Femalefive charted singles#2
Top R&B Singles"All the Man That I Need"#18
"Miracle"#24
"I'm Your Baby Tonight"#79
Top Adult Contemporary Singles"All the Man That I Need"#3
"Miracle"#33
"I'm Your Baby Tonight"#50
Top Adult Contemporary Artistsfive charted singles#6

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"I'm Every Woman" is a song by American singer Chaka Khan, released as her debut solo single from her first album, Chaka (1978). It was Khan's first hit outside her recordings with the funk band Rufus. "I'm Every Woman" was produced by Arif Mardin and written by the successful songwriting team Nickolas Ashford and Valerie Simpson. The single established Chaka's career outside the group Rufus, whom she would leave after their eighth studio album, Masterjam, was released in late 1979.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">I Learned from the Best</span> 1999 single by Whitney Houston

"I Learned from the Best" is a song by American singer Whitney Houston. The ballad, written by Diane Warren and Whitney Houston herself, was released as the fifth and final single from Houston's fourth studio album, My Love Is Your Love (1998), in November 1999. When released, it peaked at number 27 on the US Billboard Hot 100. Dance remixes of the song by Hex Hector and Junior Vasquez topped the US dance chart for three weeks. Houston gained another top 20 hit on the UK Singles Chart with this song, where it peaked at number 19. The song also topped the charts in Poland and Romania.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">My Love Is Your Love (song)</span> 1999 single by Whitney Houston

"My Love Is Your Love" is a song by American singer Whitney Houston. It was written and produced by Wyclef Jean and Jerry Duplessis for Houston’s fourth studio album of the same name (1998). Released on May 31, 1999, as the album's fourth single, it received positive reviews and was successful worldwide, hitting the top 10 in 23 international markets. The song peaked at number four on the US Billboard Hot 100, number two in the United Kingdom, and number one in New Zealand. It was later certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Heartbreak Hotel (Whitney Houston song)</span> 1998 single by Whitney Houston featuring Faith Evans and Kelly Price

"Heartbreak Hotel" is a song by American singer Whitney Houston. Originally written for inclusion on TLC's third studio album FanMail, it was later recorded by Houston after TLC rejected the song. The song was written by Carsten Schack, Kenneth Karlin and Tamara Savage, and produced by Soulshock & Karlin. It was released on December 15, 1998, by Arista Records, as the second single from Houston's 1998 album My Love Is Your Love. The song prominently features R&B singers Faith Evans and Kelly Price during the choruses and bridge.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">We Didn't Know</span> 1992 single by Whitney Houston and Stevie Wonder

"We Didn't Know" is a mid-tempo duet by American recording artists Whitney Houston and Stevie Wonder, and was released as the sixth and final single from Houston's third album I'm Your Baby Tonight (1990). The single was released on April 14, 1992 by Arista Records. Wonder wrote and produced the song. The single peaked at number 20 on Billboard's R&B Singles chart. There was no music video made for the song. This is the first and only single from the album that was issued without a music video.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Whitney Houston singles discography</span>

American singer Whitney Houston, known as "The Voice", released 57 singles as a leading artist and 4 as a featured artist. Houston is one of the best-selling music artists of all time, with over 220 million records sold worldwide. In the United States, Houston amassed 11 Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles, all of whom have been certified either gold, platinum, multi-platinum or diamond by the Recording Industry Association of America and was one of a selected group of artists to have a top ten single in the Billboard Hot 100 in four different decades. She is currently ranked in seventh place of the artists with the most number one singles in the history of the Billboard Hot 100. Prior to the introduction of digital singles, Houston sold 16.5 million physical singles in the country, the most ever by a female recording artist. In October 2012, the Official Charts Company claimed Houston was the fourth biggest-selling female singles artist of all time with a sales total of 8.5 million singles in that country.

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