Indian Navy amphibious vessel acquisition project

Class overview
Operators	Indian Navy
Preceded by	INS Jalashwa (L41)
Planned	4 [1]
General characteristics
Type	Landing Platform Dock (LPD)
Displacement	29,000 t (29,000 long tons; 32,000 short tons)
Length	220 m (720 ft)
Draught	≤8 m (26 ft)
Propulsion	Integrated full electric propulsion (IFEP)
Speed	≥ 20 knots (37 km/h) (Maximum) 14–16 knots (26–30 km/h) (Cruising Speed)
Range	10,000  nmi (19,000 km; 12,000 mi) At economic speed and 25% reserve fuel)
Endurance	≥ 45 days (In terms of machinery/fuel) 60 days (In terms of logistics support for troops)
Boats & landing craft carried	4 × Landing Craft Vehicle Personnel (LCVP) 4 × Landing Craft Mechanized (LCM) 2 × Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC)
Troops	900
Complement	530 officers and sailors
Sensors & processing systems	"Combat Management System" (CMS) 1 × E/F-Band air-search/surface-surveillance radar 1 × C/D-Band air-surveillance radar 1 × surface-surveillance radar 2 × I-Band radar 1 × E/F-Band COTS radar 1 × Infrared search and track (IRST) system
Armament	Anti-air weaponry: 32 × VL-SRSAM surface-to-air missiles Anti-ship/Anti-surface weaponry: 16 × surface-to-surface missiles (SSM) Anti-submarine weaponry: "Anti-Torpedo Decoy System" (ATDS) Guns: 4 × AK-630M CIWS (To be equipped with electro-optical fire control systems (EOFCS)) 4 × OFT 12.7 mm M2 Stabilized Remote Controlled Gun 8 × medium-machine guns (MMG) 4 × "Portable Saluting Guns"
Aircraft carried	Fixed-wing naval drones
Notes	Source: [2] [3]

The procurement of Landing Platform Docks (LPD) by the Indian Navy, formerly known as the "Multi-Role Support Vessel Program" (MRSV), is an initiative of the Indian Navy (IN) to procure a series of landing platform docks, specific vessels dedicated to amphibious warfare, as part of the service's strategy to augment its capabilities of amphibious warfare, disaster-response, humanitarian assistance and auxiliary duties. ^[4]

India had long sought to procure amphibious warfare vessels, including landing platform docks; multiple initiatives in procuring specified vessels of the aforementioned type were initiated as early as 2009. ^[5] However, such measures have been frequently delayed, on account of varying reasons. ^[6]

The IN currently operates one landing platform dock — INS Jalashwa, an ex-Austin-class amphibious transport dock, which was purchased from the United States Navy (USN) in 2007. ^[7]

History

Origins

INS Jalashwa - the IN's sole operational landing platform dock

Since 2004, the IN had sought to procure amphibious warfare vessels to augment its capabilities of amphibious warfare, disaster-response management and evacuation of civilians and personnel. ^{[8] [9]}

In the wake of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, the Indian Armed Forces initiated one of the largest Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief (HADR) operations in its history; the navy quickly dispatched Indian naval vessels to send supplies to multiple countries that had been affected by the tsunami, namely, Sri Lanka, Indonesia and the Maldives. ^[10] However, the experience unraveled a significant drawback - India's naval forces barely possessed the capability to undertake amphibious transport operations nor humanitarian assistance operations on a large scale, although it operated landing tank crafts, which were capable of undertaking amphibious operations, albeit at a limited capacity. ^{[11] [12]}

With the revelation of the issue, India quickly sought to procure amphibious vessels capable of tackling the issues of amphibious warfare and disaster response management. ^[13] In 2007, the Indian government purchased the USS Trenton, a decommissioned Austin-class amphibious transport dock from the United States Navy (USN) and re-commissioned it as the INS Jalashwa. ^[14] Since its re-commissioning, Jalashwa executed numerous disaster-response and humanitarian-relief operations, most notably during the COVID-19 pandemic. ^{[15] [16] [17]}

In addition Jalashwa, India was also offered the USS Nashville, another Austin-class vessel; however, the purchase was never made. ^{[18] [19]}

"Multi-Role Support Vessel" Initiative (MRSV)

In 2011, the IN established the "Multi-Role Support Vessel" Program (MSRV), an initiative to acquire four landing platform docks from a foreign naval firm. ^[20] Under the initiative, India issued a Request For Information (RFI) to multiple foreign naval firms, under the "Buy and Make (Indian)" category of India's 2011 defense acquisition regulations. ^[21]

In 2013, the service had issued a Request For Proposal (RFP), a tender, to three domestic shipbuilders — L&T Shipbuilding (L&T), ABG Shipyard (ABGSL) and Pipapav Shipyard [later acquired by Reliance Defence and Engineering Limited (RDEL)]. ^[22] Under this scheme, the winner of the bid would be requested to build two landing platform docks, while the remaining two were to be built by the state-owned Hindustan Shipyard Limited (HSL). ^{[23] [24]}

In September 2014, it was reported that the defence ministry had rejected the bid of Cochin Shipyard to participate in the project worth ₹25,000 crore (US$4.1 billion). The ministry stated that the tender is directed for the private sector shipyards only. Earlier, CSL had approached the then defence minister, A. K. Antony, through the then Ministry of Shipping. In response, the deal was put on hold. A committee, under the chairmanship of an Additional Secretary, was formed to decide whether the tender had to be retracted or CSL could also be issued in the tender. Though the report was submitted in February 2024 to the Defence Acquisition Council (DAC), the arms acquisition body of India's Ministry of Defence (MoD), but the case did not proceed further until the 2014 Indian general election. ^{[25] [26]}

ABG Shipyard Limited (ABGSL) had partnered with the US-based Alion. However, the former failed the corporate debt restructuring (CDR) in February 2016 and its ability to qualify the financial terms for the project. ^{[27] [28] [29]}

Under this program, which was then worth US$2.65 billion, the three private shipyards tied up with different foreign conglomerates - L&T allied with the Spanish-based Navantia, ^{[24] [30]} RDEL allied with the French-based DCNS (now Naval Group), ^{[24] [30]} while ABG tied with the American-based Alion. ^[23] However, ABG suffered from severe financial constraints and was deeply in debt; the company was later disqualified from the tender on account of its financial woes. ^{[31] [32]} L&T and RDEL were the only shipyards which met the technical and financial eligibility criteria in the tender; ^[22] however, RDEL too suffered from increasing financial debts - which made it unsuitable for participating in the tender; this left L&T as the only prospective vendor in the bid. ^[33]

In September 2016, the defence ministry was reportedly allowed to open the commercial bids for the LPD project during a DAC meet. Discussions on whether HSL would be given the contract for two of the LPDs was expected. ^[22]

As of 4 May 2017, the MoD was again expected to invite revised commercial bids from two the shortlisted companies since the price validity has expired a month earlier and the number of extensions that could be granted have exceeded the limit of the Defence Procurement Procedures (DPP) protocol. Public-sector firms were also reportedly dropped from the programme. ^{[24] [30]} The LPD would accommodate 1,430 personnel and armed with point-defense missile system, a close-in weapon system, an anti-torpedo decoy system, a chaff system, and heavy and light machine guns. ^[24] On 10 July 2017, the Defence Acquisition Council (DAC) granted the in-principle approval for the construction of the four vessels. The contract was expected to be finalised by year-end. ^[30]

As reported on 18 September 2019, the Indian Navy had sought to cancel the tender. The Navy also did not open the re-submitted bids to determine the L1 (lowest) bidder since the service had reservations on the capability of one of the contenders to deliver the project on time. The service requirements were frozen back in 2008. ^[34]

The competition narrowed down to two contenders - an alliance of L&T-Navantia offering the Juan Carlos I-class amphibious assault vessel and another alliance of RDEL-DCNS offering the Mistral-class amphibious assault vessel. ^{[35] [36] [37]}

Cancellation

From its inception in 2013 till 2020, the MRSV program underwent seven extensions and one re-submission of bids. ^[38]

In 2019, after a string of delays in the project, the IN approached the MoD to cancel the tender, then worth US$3 billion. ^[39] With ABG disqualified from competing and RDEL on the brink of bankruptcy, L&T prevailed as the only qualified contender capable of handling the project; nonetheless, the MoD favored several suggestions of scrapping the tender, in order to circumvent a "single-vendor situation". ^[40]

In September 2020, the Comptroller and Auditor General of India (CAG) criticized the IN over its failure to proceed with the project and lambasted the project's long-period of inactivity. ^{[41] [42]} Later that month, the MoD scrapped the tender, then worth ₹20,000 crore (US$2 billion), given the tender's prolonged inactivity and lack of action. ^[43] With the termination of the contract, the IN reportedly planned to initiate a fresh bidding process for the acquisition of a new fleet of landing platform docks, with new qualitative requirements. ^{[44] [45]}

In November 2020, the IN revised its original plan of purchasing four landing platform docks to just two, citing severe budgetary constraints and inadequate funding. ^[46]

Current Status

In August 2021, the Indian Navy issued a new Request for Information (RFI) for the procurement of four landing platform docks to domestic Indian shipyards, under guidelines of its "Defence Acquisition Procedure 2020" (DAP-2020). ^{[47] [2]} According to the details of the RFI, the first vessel built should be ready for delivery within 60 months of the contract being signed, while the remaining three should be delivered at one-year intervals. ^[48] Further specifications of the RFI dictated that the competing Indian shipyards must seek Transfer of Technology (ToT) from a foreign naval shipbuilder, and that the four prescribed vessels must be built in India, with a proportion of indigenous content. ^[49]

On 28 November 2024, Indian Ministry of Defence and UK MoD signed a Statement of Intent (SoI) for the Cooperation on Design & Development of Electric Propulsion Systems for the Indian Navy. The system developed will be used to propel future Indian Naval Ships including the series of four Landing Platform Docks to be built in Indian Shipyards. ^[50] An agreement worth £ 250 million( US$ 342.47 million) was signed on 8 October 2025 when the Prime Minister of the UK and India, Keir Starmer and Narendra Modi, met in Mumbai during the visit of the UK Carrier Strike Group's visit to India. This agreement will further advance the development of electric-powered engines for naval ships. ^[51] Rolls-Royce Holdings will have a role in the development. The firm has also developed the MT30 engines which power the Queen Elizabeth-class aircraft carriers. ^[52]

As reported on 21 September 2025, a high-level meeting of the Defence Acquisition Council (DAC), under the Ministry of Defence (MoD) was soon expected to take up the Indian Navy proposal. When cleared, the Navy is expected to issue the tender for the project soon. The role of the vessels include the operating bases for fixed-wing naval drones, function as the command and control centres for prolonged shore operations as well as transport and deploy large-scale troops during amphibians operations. ^[53]

The Acceptance of Necessity (AoN) for the project, worth ₹ 33,000 crore (US$3.9 billion), was accorded by the Defence Acquisition Council on 23 October 2025. Each vessel is expected to have a displacement of around 20,000 tonnes. This is the largest project, among all of the projects with an overall worth of ₹79,000 crore (US$9.3 billion), to be cleared in the meeting. ^{[54] [55] [3]}

On 28 October, Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders (MDL) and Swan Defence and Heavy Industries Limited (SDHI) signed an Teaming Agreement (TA) to partner for the LPD project of the Indian Navy. The agreement includes both design and construction of the vessels which will be undertaken by MDL and Swan Defence, respectively. ^{[56] [57]}

Planned capabilities

• To undertake "Out-of-Area Contingencies" (OOAC).
• To support/assist land-based operations.
• To execute disaster-response and humanitarian-relief operations.
• To undertake fleet-support functions through replenishment capability and comprehensive workshop facilities.
• To provide medical facilities for the treatment of battle-casualties. ^[58]

Potential Contenders

The Mistral-class amphibious assault vessel, designed by Naval Group

The Juan Carlos I-class amphibious assault vessel, designed by Navantia

Potential Shipyards

• Cochin Shipyard Limited (CSL) :
  • Based in Kochi, CSL is the largest shipbuilder in India and has long been a supplier to the IN. ^[59] Was principally involved in the construction of India's first indigenously designed aircraft carrier, INS Vikrant and many other vessels of the Navy, Coast Guard and Commercial ventures. Also a hub for Naval Ship Maintenance and Training. ^[60]
• L&T Shipbuilding (L&T) :
  • Based in Hazira and Kattupalli, L&T is a noted supplier to the IN and the Indian Coast Guard (ICG). ^[61] L&T's Hazira-based shipyard has the capability to build large vessels, with a tonnage of 20,000  t (20,000 long tons ), with a length of 160 m (524 ft 11 in). ^[62]
• Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers (GRSE) :
  • Based in Kolkata, GRSE has long been a supplier to the IN; having delivered over 100 warships, including the Shardul-class amphibious warfare vessels, and the Mk. IV LCU landing craft vessels among their amphibious assault warships among other surface combatants like the Nilgiri-class frigates, the Kamorta-class corvettes, the Aditya-class auxiliary vessels. ^[63]
• Mazagon Dock Limited (MDL) :
  • Based in Mumbai, MDL is a distinguished supplier to the IN; having delivered numerous warships, including the Visakhapatnam-class destroyers, the Kolkata-class destroyers, the Shivalik-class frigates and the Kalvari-class submarines. ^[64]

Prospective Designs

The Trieste-class landing helicopter dock, designed by Fincantieri

A model of the Project 23900 amphibious assault vessel, designed by JSC Zelenodolsk Design Bureau

The Dokdo-class amphibious assault ship, designed by Hanjin Heavy Industries

•   France  :
  • May offer the Mistral-class amphibious warfare vessel. ^[65]
  • Designed by Naval Group and currently operated by the French Navy and the Egyptian Navy. ^[66]
  • Was previously offered to India, in joint-partnership with Pipavav Shipyard. ^[67]
  • Participated with the IN in the Indo-French "VARUNA-21" joint-naval exercise. ^[68]
•   Spain  :
  • May offer the Juan Carlos-I amphibious warfare vessels. ^[69]
  • Designed by Navantia and currently operated by the Spanish Navy, the Royal Australian Navy and the Turkish Naval Forces. ^[70]
  • Was previously offered to India, in joint-partnership with Larsen & Toubro. ^[71]
  • Participated with the IN in the Indo-Australian "AUSINDEX-2019" joint-naval exercise. ^[72]

•   Italy  :
  • May offer a variant of the Trieste landing helicopter dock. ^[73]
  • Designed by Fincantieri and currently operated by the Italian Navy. ^[74]

•   Russia  :
  • May offer an export variant of Project 23900 amphibious warfare vessel. ^[75]
  • Designed by JSC Zelenodolsk Design Bureau and currently being built for the Russian Navy. ^[76]
•   South Korea  :
  • May offer the Dokdo-class amphibious warfare vessel. ^[77]
  • Designed by Hanjin Heavy Industries and currently operated by the Republic of Korea Navy. ^[78]
  • Reportedly offered to India, under the MRSV tender. ^[79]
  • Likely won't be chosen as the Indian Navy requires a displacement of 20,000t+ per LPD, according to the AoN granted on 23 October, 2025, which the Dokdo-class does not fulfill. ^[80]

See also

Other amphibious vessels operated by the Indian Navy

• INS Jalashwa (L41) - India's only active landing platform dock, purchased from the United States in 2007. Was previously the USS Trenton of the United States Navy.

Other references to the Indian Navy

• List of active Indian Navy ships
• Future of the Indian Navy

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External links

• The Indian Navy's New ‘Expeditionary’ Outlook, Admiral (Retd) Arun Prakash, 20 October 2012. Observer Research Foundation .