Lactones are cyclic carboxylic esters, containing a 1-oxacycloalkan-2-one structure, or analogues having unsaturation or heteroatoms replacing one or more carbon atoms of the ring.
Butane-1,4-diol, not to be confused with 1,3 butanediol, is a primary alcohol, and an organic compound, with the formula HOCH2CH2CH2CH2OH. It is a colorless viscous liquid. It is one of four stable isomers of butanediol.
gamma-Butyrolactone, γ-Butyrolactone (GBL) is a hygroscopic colorless, water-miscible liquid with a weak characteristic odor. It is the simplest 4-carbon lactone. It is mainly used as an intermediate in the production of other chemicals, e.g. methyl-2-pyrrolidone. In humans GBL acts as a prodrug for gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB), and it is used as a recreational CNS depressant with effects similar to those of barbiturates.
L-Gulonolactone oxidase is an enzyme that produces vitamin C, but is non-functional in Haplorrhini, in some bats, and in guinea pigs. It catalyzes the reaction of L-gulono-1,4-lactone with oxygen to form L-xylo-hex-3-gulonolactone (2-keto-gulono-γ-lactone) and hydrogen peroxide. It uses FAD as a cofactor. The L-xylo-hex-3-gulonolactone then converts to ascorbic acid spontaneously, without enzymatic action.
6-Phosphogluconolactonase (EC 3.1.1.31, 6PGL, PGLS, systematic name 6-phospho-D-glucono-1,5-lactone lactonohydrolase) is a cytosolic enzyme found in all organisms that catalyzes the hydrolysis of 6-phosphogluconolactone to 6-phosphogluconic acid in the oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway:
In enzymology, a glucuronolactone reductase (EC 1.1.1.20) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a L-arabinose 1-dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.46) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a L-rhamnose 1-dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.173) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a L-xylose 1-dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.113) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a L-galactonolactone oxidase (EC 1.3.3.12) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
The enzyme 1,4-lactonase (EC 3.1.1.25) catalyzes the generic reaction
The enzyme 3-oxoadipate enol-lactonase (EC 3.1.1.24) catalyzes the reaction
The enzyme deoxylimonate A-ring-lactonase (EC 3.1.1.46) catalyzes the reaction
The enzyme gluconolactonase (EC 3.1.1.17) catalyzes the reaction
The enzyme L-arabinonolactonase (EC 3.1.1.15) catalyzes the reaction
The enzyme limonin-D-ring-lactonase (EC 3.1.1.36) catalyzes the reaction
The enzyme triacetate-lactonase (EC 3.1.1.38) catalyzes the reaction
The enzyme xylono-1,4-lactonase (EC 3.1.1.68) catalyzes the reaction
Lactonase (EC 3.1.1.81, acyl-homoserine lactonase; systematic name N-acyl-L-homoserine-lactone lactonohydrolase) is a metalloenzyme, produced by certain species of bacteria, which targets and inactivates acylated homoserine lactones (AHLs). It catalyzes the reaction
L-galactonolactone dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.2.3, galactonolactone dehydrogenase, L-galactono-gamma-lactone dehydrogenase, L-galactono-gamma-lactone:ferricytochrome-c oxidoreductase, GLDHase, GLDase) is an enzyme with systematic name L-galactono-1,4-lactone:ferricytochrome-c oxidoreductase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
