List of Iowa tornadoes

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Aerial imagery of damage in Greenfield after the 2024 Greenfield tornado Aerial imagery of EF4 damage to homes in Greenfield, Iowa.jpg
Aerial imagery of damage in Greenfield after the 2024 Greenfield tornado

The U.S state of Iowa experiences multiple tornadoes every year. There have been at least 3,417 recorded tornadoes since 1950. At least 2,340 people have been injured, and 100 people have died due to these tornadoes. [1] There have been multiple tornadoes before 1950, but most of them are not recorded accurately or at all, but the most violent and deadliest tornadoes before 1950 have been recorded. The deadliest tornado was the Camanche tornado, which killed 72 people in Iowa. [2]

Contents

2024 was a record-breaking year in Iowa. Iowa saw 125 tornadoes in 2024 which beat the previous record of 120 tornadoes in 2004. In April and May alone, Iowa saw 98 tornadoes, giving the months of April 2024 and May 2024 the second and third most tornadoes in a month, just before May 2004 which saw 57 tornadoes. [3]

The most tornado-prone parts of Iowa are in the northeastern counties. The counties of Delaware, Black Hawk, Buchanan, Linn, and Benton on average have seen at least one strong tornado each year from 1953 to 2008. [4]

Climatology

A tornado is a violent column of air that extends from a thunderstorm to the ground. Although tornadoes can happen at any time of the year, the most popular time for tornadoes to form in Iowa is from April through June. Iowa is in the central plains, where the Rocky Mountains to the west and the Appalachian Mountains to the east meet. This unique geography creates a funneling effect, channeling warm, moist air from the Gulf of Mexico and cool, dry air from Canada. [5] These are the most ideal conditions for tornadoes to form, with Iowa being caught inside of Tornado Alley, along with other Great Plains states, greatly increasing the chances of a tornado to form in Iowa. [6]

Most active months for tornadoes in Iowa from 1980-2019 [7]
DateTornadoes
May 200457
April 202449
May 202449
June 198448
June 200848
April 200140
June 199036
August 201436
May 199834
June 200134
June 201431
June 200428
Most tornadoes in a day in Iowa from 1980-2019 [7]
DateTornadoes
August 31, 201435
April 11, 200128
June 11, 200424
May 8, 198822
June 7, 198421
July 19, 201821
May 22, 200420
April 9, 201120
November 11, 201519
June 1, 200118
March 6, 201718
Map of Tornado Alley Tornado Alley Diagram.svg
Map of Tornado Alley

Intense tornadoes

The Enhanced Fujita Scale, or EF Scale, is used to assign a tornado a rating based on estimated wind speeds and related damage. When tornado-related damage is surveyed, it is compared to a list of damage indicators and degrees of damage, which help estimate better the range of wind speeds the tornado likely produced. From that, a rating from EF0 to EF5 is assigned. [8]

EF Scale
EF RatingWind Gust Speed (mph)
065-85
186-110
2111-135
3136-165
4166-200
5Over 200

Pre-1900

FUF0F1F2F3F4F5Total
11016745274155
Deaths: >540Injuries: >2,186

A total of 155 recorded tornadoes touched down in Iowa before 1900. At least 540 people died and 2,186 people were injured due to these tornadoes before 1950. There have been 37 intense tornadoes with a rating of F4+, or 2 or more fatalities, the deadliest of which was on June 3, 1860, in Camanche, killing 92. This time period for tornadoes in Iowa is the deadliest period of tornadoes in Iowa, with each recorded tornado killing on average 3.48 people. The first use of a tornado warning in the United States wasn't until March 25, 1948. [9] This caused tornadoes before the 1950s to be more dangerous, because people thought that tornadoes would be too rare to strike a region so there was no point in issuing warnings. [10]

Camanche Tornado

A brick college in Grinnell after the June 17, 1882, Grinnell tornado After the June 17, 1882 tornado, from-Brick College after the storm, by Everett, James E., 1834- (cropped).jpg
A brick college in Grinnell after the June 17, 1882, Grinnell tornado

On June 3, 1860, an F4 tornado touched down north of Bennett, moving across eastern Iowa, killing 20 people in rural Clinton County. It then ripped through Camanche, destroying almost every building in the town and killing 41. A raft carrying 26 was hit by the tornado and flipped, killing all but 3 men. The tornado caused an estimated $250,000 - $300,000 in damages. [11]

Grinnell Tornado

On June 17, 1882, two tornadoes formed and intersected in Grinnell forming one tornado at F5 intensity. [12] It travelled across central Iowa, killing a total of 68 people. 10 people died near Rippey, 7 people died in Jasper County, 39 in Grinnell, and 10 in Malcolm. [13]

Pomeroy Tornado

On July 6, 1893, an F5 tornado touched down northwest of Quimby, moving toward the town of Pomeroy. With a damage path 500 yards (460 m) wide and 55 miles (89 km) long, the tornado destroyed about 80% of the homes in Pomeroy. The tornado killed 71 people and injured 200. [14]

 Deadliest in Iowa history at time of event
 Tornado crossed state lines in or out of Iowa
Intense (F4+ or 2 or more fatalities) tornadoes inIowa, pre–1900 [15]
F# DateDeathsInjuriesStart locationCountyPath lengthMax width
F4‡†June 3, 186092200N of Bennett Cedar 81.2 miles (mi) (130.68 kilometers (km))1000 yards (yds) (914.4 meters (m))
F4June 18, 187105S of Superior Dickinson UnknownUnknown
F3June 18, 1871220 Glidden Carroll 11.6 mi (18.67 km)Unknown
F4May 22, 1873830S of Hayesville Keokuk 41.7 mi (67.1 km)800 yds (731.52 m)
F3April 11, 1876330SE of Eagle Grove Wright 27.5 mi (44.26 km)Unknown
F4April 18, 187812W of Atlantic Cass UnknownUnknown
F4April 21, 18781729S of Charter Oak Crawford 69.1 mi (111.21 km)800 yds (731.52 m)
F4April 21, 18781040SW of Battle Creek Ida 32.5 mi (52.3 km)200 yds (182.88 m)
F3June 1, 187827SW of Adair Adair, Guthrie 12.1 mi (19.47 km)Unknown
F3June 1, 187827E of Marble Rock Floyd Unknown400 yds (365.76 m)
F4June 1, 18783Unknown Rockwell Cerro Gordo UnknownUnknown
F4July 2, 187920S of Carnes Sioux 4.6 mi (7.4 km)Unknown
F4June 9, 1880720SW of Macedonia Pottawattamie 15.1 mi (24.3 km)500 yds (457.2 m)
F4June 11, 188126S of Norwalk Warren 30.1 mi (48.44 km)300 yds (274.32 m)
F4June 28, 1881320N of Quimby Cherokee 10 mi (16.09 km)400 yds (365.76 m)
F4June 17, 188215W of Ogden Boone 33 mi (53.1 km)200 yds (182.88 m)
F5June 17, 188268300 Cooper Greene 109.4 mi (176.06 km)800 yds (731.52 m)
F4June 21, 1882550NW of Primghar O'Brien 21.4 mi (34.44 km)800 yds (731.52 m)
F4April 21, 1883210N of Woodbine Harrison 10.1 mi (16.25 km)150 yds (137.16 m)
F4June 12, 1885310S of Bloomfield Davis 10.1 mi (16.25 km)200 yds (182.88 m)
F4April 14, 1886318S of Griswold Cass 54.5 mi (87.71 km)400 yds (365.76 m)
F5July 6, 189371200NW of Quimby Cherokee 57.6 mi (92.7 km)500 yds (457.2 m)
F4May 5, 189415N of Walnut City Appanoose 32.7 mi (52.6 km)200 yds (182.88 m)
F3September 21, 18943UnknownS of Emmetsburg Palo Alto 12.6 mi (20.28 km)Unknown
F4September 21, 18942560N of Wesley Kossuth 39.6 mi (63.73 km)1000 yds (914.4 m)
F4September 21, 1894520 Osage Mitchell 25.3 mi (40.72 km)Unknown
F4‡September 21, 18941760SW of Rock Falls Cerro Gordo 59.9 mi (96.4 km)800 yds (731.52 m)
F5September 21, 189414100N of Whittemore Kossuth 50.6 mi (81.43 km)1500 yds (1371.6 m)
F5May 3, 1895935N of Ireton Sioux 13.1 mi (21.08 km)1000 yds (914.4 m)
F4May 24, 18962160SE of Polk City Polk 28.1 mi (45.22 km)500 yds (457.2 m)
F4April 30, 189821NW of Granville Sioux 15 mi (24.14 km)300 yds (274.32 m)
F3April 30, 18982UnknownNW of Laurens Pocahontas 7.9 mi (12.71 km)Unknown
F4‡May 18, 189828150 Stanwood Cedar 86.7 mi (139.53 km)1000 yds (914.4 m)
F4July 27, 189825NW of Hastings Mills 15.2 mi (24.46 km)150 yds (137.16 m)
F4April 26, 1899110S of Soldier Monona 11 mi (17.7 km)400 yds (365.76 m)
F4May 16, 1899414S of Edgewood Clayton, Delaware 10.8 mi (17.38 km)200 yds (182.88 m)
F4‡June 11, 189952NE of Homer, Nebraska Woodbury 13.1 mi (21.08 km)200 yds (182.88 m)

1900–1949

FUF0F1F2F3F4F5Total
00126254331352
Deaths: >292Injuries: >1,861

A total of 352 tornadoes touched down in Iowa between 1900 and 1949. At least 292 people died and 1,861 people were injured. There were 43 intense F4+ tornadoes, the deadliest of which was the 1913 Easter tornado that hit Omaha, Nebraska, making its way over the border into Iowa, killing a total of 103 people and injuring 350 others. [16]

Omaha Easter Sunday Tornado

An F4 tornado touched down in La Vista, Nebraska, a suburb of Omaha, traveling through the city of Omaha and crossing the border into Iowa. In total, 103 people died, 9 of whom were in Iowa. [17] The tornado had a damage path of 40.3 mi (64.86 km) long and 400 yds (365.76 m) wide. [18]

Crawford County Tornado

On May 21, 1918, an F5 tornado touched down in Crawford County, moving across the county and into Greene County as well. According to witnesses, twenty or more farms were destroyed and a couple riding in a buggy north of Churdan were caught by the tornado and died. Mattresses were carried two miles away and farms and homes were wiped completely off their foundations. [19]

Intense (F4+ or 2 or more fatalities) tornadoes inIowa, 1900-1949 [15]
F#DateDeathsInjuriesStart locationCountyPath lengthMax width
F3September 25, 1900211SW of Haverhill Marshall 7.5 mi (12.07 km)70 yds (64 km)
F2May 26, 1903211W of Eddyville Mahaska, Monroe, Wapello 1.7 mi (2.74 km)100 yds (91.44 m)
F3May 26, 19032Unknown Des Moines Polk 4.6 mi (7.4 km)Unknown
F4‡March 28, 190705NE of Elmo, Missouri Page 15.5 mi (24.94 km)400 yds (365.76 m)
F4August 6, 1907310W of Lake Mills Winnebago 12.2 mi (19.63 km)200 yds (182.88 m)
F4‡May 12, 1908020 Watson, Missouri Page 33.9 mi (54.56 km)400 yds (365.76 m)
F4‡March 23, 19132575 Bellevue, Nebraska Pottawattamie 48.4 mi (77.89 km)400 yds (365.76 m)
F4‡†March 23, 1913103350 La Vista, Nebraska Pottawattamie 40.3 mi (64.86 km)400 yds (365.76 m)
F4‡March 23, 19132250SE of Mead, Nebraska Harrison 56.6 mi (91.09 km)800 yds (731.52 m)
F4‡March 23, 191318100S of Douglas, Nebraska Mills 67.7 mi (108.95 km)800 yds (731.52 m)
F3June 5, 1914320E of Archer O'Brien 11.1 mi (17.86 km)200 yds (182.88 m)
F4June 12, 191501S of West Union Fayette 13.5 mi (21.73 km)100 yds (91.44 m)
F4‡June 12, 1915950S of Elon Allamakee 30.4 mi (48.92 km)400 yds (365.76 m)
F4May 9, 1918715SW of Nashua Chickasaw, Floyd 50 mi (80.47 km)800 yds (731.52 m)
F2May 19, 191822Davenport Scott 2.2 mi ( 3.54 km)Unknown
F3May 21, 1918215S of Glidden Carroll 31.9 mi (51.34 km)500 yds (457.2 m)
F4‡May 21, 1918970N of Berkley Boone 29.5 mi (47.48 km)1600 yds (1463.04 m)
F4May 21, 19188100N of Wood Clayton 80.1 mi (128.9 km)400 yds (365.76 m)
F5May 21, 1918430E of Denison Crawford 42 mi (67.59 km)800 yds (731.52 m)
F4July 1, 192004SW of Carbon Adams 19.8 mi (31.87 km)500 yds (457.2 m)
F4June 2, 192535NW of Anita Cass 13.8 mi (22.2 km)250 yds (228.6 m)
F4June 2, 192503W of Ticonic Monona 27.6 mi (44.42 km)400 yds (365.76 m)
F4June 3, 1925120N of Neola Pottawattamie 9.7 mi (15.61 km)1500 yds (1371.6 m)
F4June 3, 1925010N of Neola Pottawattamie 6.9 mi (11.1 km)Unknown
F4June 16, 1926224SW of Clarinda Page 7.9 mi (12.71 km)200 yds (182.88 m)
F3August 20, 1928220W of Twin Lakes Calhoun 6.2 mi (9.98 km)400 yds (365.76 m)
F4August 20, 192818SW of Jewell Hamilton 10.8 mi (17.38 km)400 yds (365.76 m)
F4‡August 20, 1928660SW of Vinje Winnebago 40.3 mi (64.86 km)Unknown
F3August 26, 1928420 Red Oak Montgomery 15 mi (21.14 km)100 yds (91.44 m)
F4May 1, 1930115E of Millerton Wayne 17.2 mi (27.68 km)100 yds (91.44 m)
F4‡May 1, 1930440W of Craig, Nebraska Harrison 15.5 mi (24.94 km)600 yds (548.64 m)
F2September 25, 193021NW of Keokuk Lee 2.1 mi (3.38 km)Unknown
F4September 21, 193128NW of Birmingham Van Buren 45.9 mi (73.87 km)100 yds (91.44 m)
F4April 30, 1936215NE of Hartley O'Brien 14.8 mi (23.82 km)100 yds (91.44 m)
F4‡April 30, 1936261 Estherville Emmet 40.2 mi (64.7 km)800 yds (731.52 m)
F3May 18, 1944212White Oak Polk 14.9 mi (23.98 km)880 yds (804.67 m)
F4May 19, 194419W of Fort Dodge Webster 6.2 mi (9.98 km)400 yds (365.76 m)
F4June 16, 194401Lebanon Sioux 8.1 mi (13.04 km)Unknown
F4June 16, 194402Newkirk Sioux 10 mi (16.09 km)Unknown
F4‡June 9, 194712SE of Elk Point, South Dakota Sioux 34.8 mi (56 km)200 yds (182.88 m)
F4April 23, 1948525S of Chickasaw Chickasaw 7.8 mi (12.55 km)100 yds (91.44 m)
F4‡June 22, 194815S of Cook, Nebraska Fremont 51 mi (82.08 km)300 yds (274.32 m)
F4June 1, 194904E of Shenandoah Page,Fremont 9.8 mi (15.77 km)150 yds (137.16 m)

1950–present

FUF0F1F2F3F4F5Total
1271,3189714991214963,118
Deaths: >101Injuries: >2,400

A total of 3,118 recorded tornadoes have touched down in Iowa since 1950, causing 101 deaths and injuring 2,400 as of July 2025. There have been 20 (E)F5 tornadoes, or 2 or more fatalities, the deadliest being the 1968 Hansell-Charles City tornado, which killed 13 and injured 462. [20]

1968 Hansell-Charles City tornado

A house completely swept off its foundation in Parkersburg after the 2008 Parkersburg-New Hartford tornado. Parkersburg tornado damage2.jpg
A house completely swept off its foundation in Parkersburg after the 2008 Parkersburg-New Hartford tornado.

On May 15, 1968, a multi-vortex tornado hit the communities of Hansell, Hampton, Charles City, Elma, and Aredale, all in Iowa. It killed 13, injured 462, and hundreds of buildings were destroyed, primarily in the town of Charles City. Damage estimates were of more than $20 million. All of the deaths occurred in Charles City. [21]

2008 Parkersburg-New Hartford tornado

On the afternoon of May 25, 2008, as part of a large tornado outbreak across the central plains, a large and extremely powerful EF5 wedge tornado devastated the towns of Parkersburg and New Hartford. The tornado killed nine people and caused about $75 million in damages in its approximately 43 mile path across northeast Iowa. The tornado killed 7 in Parkersburg and 2 in New Hartford. [22] [23]

2024 Greenfield tornado

On the afternoon of May 21, 2024, a violent tornado tracked across southwestern Iowa, devastating the city of Greenfield. The tornado destroyed many structures and wind turbines across its path that stretched through Page, Taylor, Adams, and Adair counties, while also causing more than $31 million in property damage, killing five people and injuring 35 more. All of the fatalities happened in the town of Greenfield. [24] A Doppler on Wheels estimated wind speeds of 309–318 mph (497–512 km/h), making it the third highest winds recorded in a tornado in the United States, before the El Reno tornado and the Bridge Creek tornado. [25]

Intense (F5 or 2 or more fatalities) tornadoes inIowa, 1950–present [15] [26]
F#DateDeathsInjuriesStart locationCountyPath lengthMax width
F5June 27, 195312W of Anita Cass 0.1 mi (0.16 km)100 yds (91.44 m)
F5October 14, 19666172SW of Belmond Wright 9.7 mi (15.61 km)1000 yds (914.4 m)
F3April 16, 1967216N of Cantril Van Buren 19.4 mi (31.22 km)500 yds (457.2 m)
F5May 15, 196813462NW of Hansell Franklin 62.1 mi (99.94 km)600 yds (548.64 m)
F5May 15, 19685156 Oelwein Fayette 13.1 mi (21.08 km)500 yds (457.2 m)
F2June 17, 1973210 Moville Woodbury 2 mi (3.22 km)400 yds (365.76 m)
F4June 18, 1974250 Ankeny Polk 15.3 mi (24.62 km)400 yds (365.76 m)
F5June 13, 197609SW of Luther Boone 21.3 mi (34.28 km)880 yds (804.67 m)
F3September 16, 1978645N of Rhodes Marshall 31.8 mi (51.18 km)200 yds (182.88 m)
F3June 28, 1979234SW of Bancroft Kossuth 15.9 mi (25.59 km)300 yds (274.32 m)
F4June 28, 1979326 Palmer Pocahontas 14.9 mi (23.98 km)33 yds (30.18 m)
F3‡August 28, 1979214NE of Bartlett Fremont 38.3 mi (61.64 km)533 yds (487.38 m)
F4‡June 7, 1984364S of Eagleville, Missouri Harrison 134 mi (215.65 km)250 yds (228.6 m)
F3May 30, 1985227N of Volga Clayton 34 mi (54,72 km)1500 yds (1371.6 m)
F3May 16, 1999216N of Missouri Valley Harrison 7.5 mi (12.07 km)440 yds (404.34 m)
F2April 11, 200123S of Ottumwa Wapello 8.4 mi (13.52 km)100 yds (91.44 m)
EF5May 25, 2008970S of Aplington Butler 41 mi (65.98 km)2100 yds (1920.24 m)
EF3‡June 11, 2008448E of Tekamah, Nebraska Burt 14.2 mi (22.85 km)440 yds (404.34 m)
EF1April 27, 201420SW of Hedrick Keokuk 45.7 mi (73.55 km)1600 yds (1463.04 m)
EF4March 5, 202265NW of Macksburg Madison 70.57 mi (113.57 km)900 yds (822.96 km)
EF4May 21, 2024535S of Villisca Montgomery 44 mi (70.81 km)1000 yds (914.4 m)

References

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