Early settling in Shelby County began in 1848 in Galland's Grove.[3] On February 4, 1855, Shelbyville was designated the county seat. In April 1859, the seat was moved to Harlan. One year later the first courthouse was erected and a second courthouse was constructed in 1875. In 1892, the construction of the present courthouse was begun, this time of stone and three storeys high. The construction was completed in 1893 with the dedication on September 14. The 1892 Shelby County Courthouse and the surrounding buildings are all listed in the National Register of Historic places effective September 23, 1994.[4] In 1978, the building was extensively restored and still serves as the courthouse.
Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 591 square miles (1,530km2), of which 591 square miles (1,530km2) is land and 0.6 square miles (1.6km2) (0.1%) is water.[5]
The 2020 census recorded a population of 11,746 in the county, with a population density of 19.6271/sqmi (7.5781/km2). 96.51% of the population reported being of one race. 90.06% were non-Hispanic White, 0.45% were Black, 3.51% were Hispanic, 0.47% were Native American, 0.42% were Asian, 0.03% were Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander and 5.07% were some other race or more than one race. There were 5,421 housing units, of which 4,981 were occupied.[1]
2010 census
The 2010 census recorded a population of 12,167 in the county, with a population density of 20.5931/sqmi (7.9510/km2). There were 5,542 housing units, of which 5,085 were occupied.[12]
2000 census
As of the census[13] of 2000, there were 13,173 people, 5,173 households, and 3,703 families residing in the county. The population density was 22 peopleper square mile (8.5 people/km2). There were 5,459 housing units at an average density of 9 per square mile (3.5/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 98.68% White, 0.10% Black or African American, 0.29% Native American, 0.27% Asian, 0.18% from other races, and 0.48% from two or more races. 0.67% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There were 5,173 households, out of which 32.60% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.30% were married couples living together, 6.80% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.40% were non-families. 25.20% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.60% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.49 and the average family size was 2.99.
In the county, the population was spread out, with 26.40% under the age of 18, 5.70% from 18 to 24, 25.20% from 25 to 44, 22.40% from 45 to 64, and 20.40% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females there were 95.90 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.30 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $37,442, and the median income for a family was $44,681. Males had a median income of $29,402 versus $20,296 for females. The per capita income for the county was $16,969. About 4.30% of families and 6.00% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.00% of those under age 18 and 7.60% of those age 65 or over.
Moe, Edward O., and Carl Cleveland Taylor. Culture of a contemporary rural community: Irwin, Iowa (US Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Agricultural Economics, 1942) online
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