List of Schedule I drugs (US)

Last updated

This is the list of Schedule I drugs as defined by the United States Controlled Substances Act. [1] The following findings are required for drugs to be placed in this schedule: [2]

Contents

  1. The drug or other substance has a high potential for abuse.
  2. The drug or other substance has no currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States.
  3. There is a lack of accepted safety for use of the drug or other substance under medical supervision.

Except as specifically authorized, it is illegal for any person:

  1. to manufacture, distribute, or dispense, or possess with intent to manufacture, distribute, or dispense, a controlled substance; or
  2. to create, distribute, dispense, or possess with intent to distribute or dispense, a counterfeit substance. [3]

Additional substances are added to the list by the Secretary of Health and Human Services pursuant to 21 CFR 1308.49. [4] [5]

The complete list of Schedule I drugs follows. [1] The Administrative Controlled Substances Code Number for each drug is included.

Opioids

ACSCN Drug
9815 Acetyl-alpha-methylfentanyl (N-[1-(1-methyl-2-phenethyl)-4-piperidinyl]-N-phenylacetamide)
9601 Acetylmethadol
9602 Allylprodine
9603 Alphacetylmethadol (except levo-alphacetylmethadol also known as levo-alpha-acetylmethadol, levomethadyl acetate, or LAAM)
9604 Alphameprodine
9605 Alphamethadol
9814 Alpha-methylfentanyl (N-[1-(alpha-methyl-beta-phenyl)ethyl-4-piperidyl] propionanilide; 1-(1-methyl-2-phenylethyl)-4-(N-propanilido) piperidine)
9832 Alpha-methylthiofentanyl (N-[1-methyl-2-(2-thienyl)ethyl-4- piperidinyl]-N-phenylpropanamide)
9606 Benzethidine
9607 Betacetylmethadol
9830 Beta-hydroxyfentanyl (N-[1-(2-hydroxy-2-phenethyl)-4- piperidinyl]-N-phenylpropanamide)
9831 Beta-hydroxy-3-methylfentanyl (other name: N-[1-(2-hydroxy-2- phenethyl)-3-methyl-4-piperidinyl]-N-phenylpropanamide)
9608 Betameprodine
9609 Betamethadol
9611 Betaprodine
9612 Clonitazene
9613 Dextromoramide
9615 Diampromide
9616 Diethylthiambutene
9168 Difenoxin
9617 Dimenoxadol
9618 Dimepheptanol
9619 Dimethylthiambutene
9621 Dioxaphetyl butyrate
9622 Dipipanone
9623 Ethylmethylthiambutene
9624 Etonitazene
9625 Etoxeridine
9626 Furethidine
9627 Hydroxypethidine
9628 Ketobemidone
9629 Levomoramide
9631 Levophenacylmorphan
9813 3-Methylfentanyl (N-[3-methyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)-4-piperidyl]-N-phenylpropanamide)
9833 3-methylthiofentanyl (N-[(3-methyl-1-(2-thienyl)ethyl-4-piperidinyl]-N-phenylpropanamide)
9632 Morpheridine
9661 MPPP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-4-propionoxypiperidine)
9633 Noracymethadol
9634 Norlevorphanol
9635 Normethadone
9636 Norpipanone
9812 Para-fluorofentanyl (N-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-[1-(2-phenethyl)-4-piperidinyl] propanamide
9663 PEPAP (1-(-2-phenethyl)-4-phenyl-4-acetoxypiperidine
9637 Phenadoxone
9638 Phenampromide
9647 Phenomorphan
9641 Phenoperidine
9642 Piritramide
9643 Proheptazine
9644 Properidine
9649 Propiram
9645 Racemoramide
9835 Thiofentanyl (N-phenyl-N-[1-(2-thienyl)ethyl-4-piperidinyl]-propanamide
9750 Tilidine
9646 Trimeperidine
9821 Acetyl Fentanyl (N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-phenylacetamide) [6]
95473,4-dichloro-N-[2-(dimethylamino)cyclohexyl]N-methylbenzamide) (U-47700) [7]
9821 Acetylfentanyl (N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-phenylacetamide) [8]
9834N-(1-Phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-phenylfuran-2-carboxamide (furanyl fentanyl) [9]
9811 Acryl fentanyl ((N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-phenylacrylamide); Acryloylfentanyl) [10]
9816N-(2-fluorophenyl)-N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)propionamide (Ortho-fluorofentanyl or 2-fluorofentanyl) [11]
9822 Butyryl Fentanyl (N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-phenylbutyramide, N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-phenylbutanamide) [12]
9824 4-Fluoroisobutyryl fentanyl ((N-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)isobutyramide) or Para-fluoroisobutyryl fentanyl) [13]
98252-methoxy-N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-phenylacetamide (Methoxyacetyl fentanyl) [11]
9836 Beta-hydroxythiofentanyl (N-[1-[2-hydroxy-2-(thiophen-2-yl)ethyl]piperidin-4-yl]-N-phenylpropionamide, N-[1-[2-hydroxy-2-(2-thienyl)ethyl]-4-piperidinyl]-N-phenylpropanamide) [12]
9843N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-phenyltetrahydrofuran-2-carboxamide (Tetrahydrofuranyl fentanyl) [11]
9845(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-phenylcyclopropanecarboxamide (cyclopropyl fentanyl) [14]
9840N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-phenylpentanamide (valeryl fentanyl) [15]
9823N-(4-fluorophenyl)N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)butyramide (para-fluorobutyryl fentanyl) [15]
9837N-(4-methoxyphenyl)-N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)butyramide (para-methoxybutyryl fentanyl) [15]
9826N-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)isobutyramide (para-chloroisobutyryl fentanyl) [15]
9827N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-phenylisobutyramide (isobutyryl fentanyl) [15]
9847N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-phenylcyclopentanecarboxamide (cyclopentyl fentanyl) [15]
9838N-(2-fluorophenyl)-2-methoxy-N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)acetamide (ocfentanil) [15]
9850 Fentanyl-related substances, their isomers, esters, ethers, salts and salts of isomers, esters and ethers [16]
9551 AH-7921 (3,4-dichloro-N-[(1-dimethylamino)cyclohexylmethyl]benzamide))
9560 MT-45 (1-cyclohexyl-4-(1,2-diphenylethyl)piperazine)

Opium derivatives

Heroin powder Heroin asian.jpg
Heroin powder
ACSCN Drug
9319 Acetorphine
9051 Acetyldihydrocodeine
9052 Benzylmorphine
9070 Codeine methylbromide
9053 Codeine-N-Oxide
9054 Cyprenorphine
9055 Desomorphine
9145 Dihydromorphine
9335 Drotebanol
9056 Etorphine (except hydrochloride salt)
9200 Diacetylmorphine (originally sold in the US under the brand name "Heroin")
9301 Hydromorphinol
9302 Methyldesorphine
9304 Methyldihydromorphine
9305 Morphine methylbromide
9306 Morphine methylsulfonate
9307 Morphine-N-Oxide
9308 Myrophine
9309 Nicocodeine
9312 Nicomorphine
9313 Normorphine
9314 Pholcodine
9315 Thebacon

Hallucinogenic or psychedelic substances

Peyote Peyote Cactus.jpg
Peyote
Psilocybe zapotecorum, one of many species of psilocybin mushrooms Psilocybe.zapotecorum.1.jpg
Psilocybe zapotecorum , one of many species of psilocybin mushrooms
cannabis contains the psychoactive substance, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Marijuana.jpg
cannabis contains the psychoactive substance, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC).
ACSCN Drug
7249 Alpha-Ethyltryptamine (αET)
7391 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxy-amphetamine (DOB)
7392 4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine (2C-B)
7396 2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine (DOA)
7399 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethylamphetamine (DOE)
7348 2,5-dimethoxy-4-(n)-propylthiophenethylamine (2C-T-7), its optical isomers, salts and salts of isomers
7411 4-methoxyamphetamine (PMA)
7401 5-methoxy-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MMDA)
7395 4-methyl-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine (DOM; STP)
7400 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA, Sassafrass)
74053,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, Ecstasy, Molly)
7404 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-ethylamphetamine (MDEA; MDE)
7402 N-hydroxy-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (N-hydroxy MDA)
7390 3,4,5-trimethoxyamphetamine (TMA)
74315-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-methoxy-3-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]indole; 5-MeO-DMT)
7432 Alpha-methyltryptamine (αMT)
7433 Bufotenine
7434 Diethyltryptamine (DET)
7435 Dimethyltryptamine (DMT)
7439 5-methoxy-N,N-diisopropyltryptamine (5-MeO-DIPT), its isomers, salts and salts of isomers
7260 Ibogaine
7315 Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)
7360 Marijuana, including cannabis resin
7350 Marijuana extracts; cannabinoids [17]
7381 Mescaline
7374 Parahexyl
7415 Peyote
7482 N-ethyl-3-piperidyl benzilate
7484 N-methyl-3-piperidyl benzilate
7437 Psilocybin
7438 Psilocin
7370 Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)
7455 Ethylamine analog of phencyclidine (Eticyclidine; PCE)
7458 Pyrrolidine analog of phencyclidine (PCPy)
7470 Thiophene analog of phencyclidine (TCP)
74731-[1-(2-thienyl)cyclohexyl]pyrrolidine (TCPy)
12484-methylmethcathinone (Mephedrone)
75353,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV)
75092-(2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethylphenyl)ethanamine (2C-E)
75082-(2,5-Dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl)ethanamine (2C-D)
75192-(4-Chloro-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethanamine (2C-C)
75182-(4-Iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethanamine (2C-I)
73852-[4-(Ethylthio)-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl]ethanamine (2C-T-2)
75322-[4-(Isopropylthio)-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl]ethanamine (2C-T-4)
75172-(2,5-Dimethoxyphenyl)ethanamine (2C-H)
75212-(2,5-Dimethoxy-4-nitro-phenyl)ethanamine (2C-N)
75242-(2,5-Dimethoxy-4-(n)-propylphenyl)ethanamine (2C-P)
75403,4-Methylenedioxy-N-methylcathinone (methylone)
75382-(4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-(2-methoxybenzyl)ethanamine (25I-NBOMe; 2C-I-NBOMe; 25I; Cimbi-5) [18]
75372-(4-chloro-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-(2-methoxybenzyl)ethanamine (25C-NBOMe; 2C-C-NBOMe; 25C; Cimbi-82) [18]
75362-(4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-(2-methoxybenzyl)ethanamine (25B-NBOMe; 2C-B-NBOMe; 25B; Cimbi-36) [18]

Depressants

ACSCN Drug
2010 gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid (GHB; sodium oxybate; sodium oxybutyrate) except formulations in an FDA-approved drug product are Schedule III
2572 Mecloqualone
2565 Methaqualone

Stimulants

Aminorex Aminorex-2D-skeletal.png
Aminorex
Products containing BZP. Bzp brands.jpg
Products containing BZP.
ACSCN Drug
1585 Aminorex (aminoxaphen; 2-amino-5-phenyl-2- oxazoline; or 4,5-dihydro-5-phenly-2-oxazolamine)
7493 N-benzylpiperazine (some other names: BZP; 1-benzylpiperazine), its optical isomers, salts and salts of isomers
1235 Cathinone
1503 Fenethylline
1237 Methcathinone (Some other names: 2-(methylamino)-propiophenone; alpha-(methylamino)propiophenone; 2-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropan-1-one; alpha-N-methylaminopropiophenone; monomethylpropion; ephedrone; N-methylcathinone; methylcathinone; AL-464; AL-422; AL-463 and UR1432), its salts, optical isomers and salts of optical isomers
1590(±)-cis-4-methylaminorex
1475 N-ethylamphetamine
1480 N,N-dimethylamphetamine (also known as N,N-alpha-trimethyl-benzeneethanamine; N,N-alpha-trimethylphenethylamine)
7543 N-Ethylpentylone (ephylone, N-1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-2-(ethylamino)-1-pentanone)) [19]
7246 N-Ethylhexedrone [20]
7544 alpha-Pyrrolidinohexanophenone (α-PHP) [20]
7245 4-Methyl-alpha-ethylaminopentiophenone (4-MEAP) [20]
7446 4'-Methyl-alpha-pyrrolidinohexiophenone (MPHP) [20]
7548 alpha-Pyrrolidinoheptaphenone (PV8) [20]
7443 4-Chloro-alpha-pyrrolidinovalerophenone (4-chloro-α-PVP) [20]
1233 3-Fluoro-N-methylcathinone (3-FMC; 1-(3-fluorophenyl)-2-(methylamino)propan-1-one)
1238 4-Fluoro-N-methylcathinone (4-FMC, flephedrone, 1-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(methylamino)propan-1-one)
1246 Pentedrone (α-methylaminovalerophenone, 2-(methylamino)-1-phenylpentan-1-one)
1249 4-Methyl-N-ethylcathinone (4-MEC, 2-(ethylamino)-1-(4-methylphenyl)propan-1-one)
1258 Naphyrone (naphthylpyrovalerone; 1-(naphthalen-2-yl)-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)pentan-1-one)
7498 4-Methyl-alphapyrrolidinopropiophenone (4-MePPP, MePPP, 4-methyl-α-pyrrolidinopropiophenone,1-(4-methylphenyl)-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)-propan-1-one)
7541 Butylone (bk-MBDB, 1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-2-(methylamino)butan-1-one)
7542 Pentylone (bk-MBDP, 1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-2-(methylamino)pentan-1-one)
7545 alpha-pyrrolidinopentiophenone (α-PVP, α-pyrrolidinovalerophenone, 1-phenyl-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)pentan-1-one)
7546 alpha-pyrrolidinobutiophenone (α-PBP, 1-phenyl-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)butan-1-one)

Cannabimimetic agents

ACSCN Drug
72975-(1,1-dimethylheptyl)-2-[(1R,3S)-3-hydroxycyclohexyl]-phenol (CP-47,497)
72985-(1,1-dimethyloctyl)-2-[(1R,3S)-3-hydroxycyclohexyl]-phenol (cannabicyclohexanol or CP-47,497 C8-homolog)
71181-pentyl-3-(1-naphthoyl)indole (JWH-018 and AM678)
71731-butyl-3-(1-naphthoyl)indole (JWH-073)
70191-hexyl-3-(1-naphthoyl)indole (JWH-019)
72001-[2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl]-3-(1-naphthoyl)indole (JWH-200)
62501-pentyl-3-(2-methoxyphenylacetyl)indole (JWH-250)
70811-pentyl-3-[1-(4-methoxynaphthoyl)]indole (JWH-081)
71221-pentyl-3-(4-methyl-1-naphthoyl)indole (JWH-122)
73981-pentyl-3-(4-chloro-1-naphthoyl)indole (JWH-398)
72011-(5-fluoropentyl)-3-(1-naphthoyl)indole (AM2201)
76941-(5-fluoropentyl)-3-(2-iodobenzoyl)indole (AM694)
71041-pentyl-3-[(4-methoxy)-benzoyl]indole (SR-19 and RCS-4)
70081-cyclohexylethyl-3-(2-methoxyphenylacetyl)indole 7008 (SR-18 and RCS-8)
72031-pentyl-3-(2-chlorophenylacetyl)indole (JWH-203)
7144(1-pentyl-1H-indol-3-yl)(2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropyl)methanone, its optical, positional, and geometric isomers, salts and salts of isomers (UR-144, 1-pentyl-3-(2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropoyl)indole)
7011[1-(5-fluoro-pentyl)-1H-indol-3-yl](2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropyl)methanone, its optical, positional, and geometric isomers, salts and salts of isomers (5-fluoro-UR-144, 5-F-UR-144, XLR-11, 1-(5-fluoro-pentyl)-3-(2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropoyl)indole)
7048N-(1-adamantyl)-1-pentyl-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide, its optical, positional, and geometric isomers, salts and salts of isomers (APINACA, AKB-48)
7222Quinolin-8-yl 1-pentyl-1H-indole-3-carboxylate (QUPIC, PB-22) [21]
7225Quinolin-8-yl 1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxylate (5-fluoro-PB-22; 5F-PB-22) [21]
7012N-(1-amino-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide (AB-FUBINACA) [21]
7035N-(1-amino-3,3-dimethyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-1-pentyl-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide (ADB-PINACA) [21]
7031N-(1-amino-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-1-(cyclohexylmethyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide (AB-CHMINACA) [22]
7023N-(1-amino-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-1-pentyl-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide (AB-PINACA) [22]
7024[1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indazol-3-yl](naphthalen-1-yl)methanone (THJ-2201) [22]
70342-(1-(5-Fluoropentyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamido)-3,3-dimethylbutanoate (5F-ADB, 5F-MDMB-PINACA) [23]
7033Methyl 2-(1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamido)-3-methylbutanoate (5F-AMB) [23]
7049N-(Adamantan-1-yl)-1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide (5F-APINACA, 5F-AKB48) [23]
7010N-(1-Amino-3,3-dimethyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide (ADB-FUBINACA) [23]
7042Methyl 2-(1-(cyclohexylmethyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxamido)-3,3-dimethylbutanoate (MDMB-CHMICA, MMB-CHMINACA) [23]
7020Methyl 2-(1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamido)-3,3-dimethylbutanoate (MDMB-FUBINACA) [23]
7032N-(1-amino-3,3-dimethyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-1-(cyclohexylmethyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide (MAB-CHMINACA; ADB-CHMINACA) [24]
7036ethyl 2-(1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamido)-3,3-dimethylbutanoate (5F-EDMB-PINACA) [25]
7041methyl 2-(1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxamido)-3,3-dimethylbutanoate (5F-MDMB-PICA) [25]
7047N-(adamantan-1-yl)-1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide (FUB-AKB48; FUB-APINACA; AKB48 N-(4-FLUOROBENZYL)) [25]
70831-(5-fluoropentyl)-N-(2-phenylpropan-2-yl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide (5F-CUMYL-PINACA; SGT-25) [25]
7014(1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-1H-indol-3-yl)(2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropyl) methanone (FUB-144) [25]
7021Methyl 2-(1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-1Hindazole-3-carboxamido)-3-methylbutanoate (FUB–AMB, MMB– FUBINACA, AMB–FUBINACA)
7025 5F-AB-PINACA (N-(1-amino-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide)
7044 MMB-CHMICA (AMB-CHMICA, methyl 2-(1-(cyclohexylmethyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxamido)-3-methylbutanoate)
7085 5F-CUMYL-P7AICA (1-(5-fluoropentyl)-N-(2-phenylpropan-2-yl)-1 H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-3-carboxamide)
7089 4-CN-CUMYL-BUTINACA (1-(4-cyanobutyl)-N-(2-phenylpropan-2-yl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide, 4-cyano-CUMYL-BUTINACA, 4-CN-CUMYL BINACA, CUMYL-4CN-BINACA, SGT-78)
7221 NM-2201 (CBL2201, Naphthalen-1-yl 1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxylate)

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">APINACA</span> Chemical compound

APINACA (AKB48, N-(1-adamantyl)-1-pentyl-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide) is a drug that acts as a reasonably potent agonist for the cannabinoid receptors. It is a full agonist at CB1 with an EC50 of 142 nM and Ki of 3.24 nM (compared to the Ki of Δ9-THC at 28.35 nM and JWH-018 at 9.62 nM), while at CB2 it acts as a partial agonist with an EC50 of 141 nM and Ki of 1.68 nM (compared to the Ki of Δ9-THC at 37.82 nM and JWH-018 at 8.55 nM). Its pharmacological characterization has also been reported in a discontinued patent application. It had never previously been reported in the scientific or patent literature, and was first identified by laboratories in Japan in March 2012 as an ingredient in synthetic cannabis smoking blends, along with a related compound APICA. Structurally, it closely resembles cannabinoid compounds from a University of Connecticut patent, but with a simple pentyl chain on the indazole 1-position, and APINACA falls within the claims of this patent despite not being disclosed as an example.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">AB-FUBINACA</span> Chemical compound

AB-FUBINACA is a psychoactive drug that acts as a potent agonist for the cannabinoid receptors, with Ki values of 0.9 nM at CB1 and 23.2 nM at CB2 and EC50 values of 1.8 nM at CB1 and 3.2 nM at CB2. It was originally developed by Pfizer in 2009 as an analgesic medication but was never pursued for human use. In 2012, it was discovered as an ingredient in synthetic cannabinoid blends in Japan, along with a related compound AB-PINACA, which had not previously been reported.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">AB-PINACA</span> Chemical compound

AB-PINACA is a compound that was first identified as a component of synthetic cannabis products in Japan in 2012.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">ADB-FUBINACA</span> Chemical compound

ADB-FUBINACA is a designer drug identified in synthetic cannabis blends in Japan in 2013. In 2018, it was the third-most common synthetic cannabinoid identified in drugs seized by the Drug Enforcement Administration.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">AB-CHMINACA</span> Chemical compound

AB-CHMINACA is an indazole-based synthetic cannabinoid. It is a potent agonist of the CB1 receptor (Ki = 0.78 nM) and CB2 receptor (Ki = 0.45 nM) and fully substitutes for Δ9-THC in rat discrimination studies, while being 16x more potent. Continuing the trend seen in other cannabinoids of this generation, such as AB-FUBINACA and AB-PINACA, it contains a valine amino acid amide residue as part of its structure, where older cannabinoids contained a naphthyl or adamantane residue.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">ADB-PINACA</span> Chemical compound

ADB-PINACA is a cannabinoid designer drug that is an ingredient in some synthetic cannabis products. It is a potent agonist of the CB1 receptor and CB2 receptor with EC50 values of 0.52 nM and 0.88 nM respectively. Like MDMB-FUBINACA, this compound contains an amino acid residue of tert-leucine.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">5F-ADB</span> Chemical compound

5F-ADB (also known as 5F-MDMB-PINACA) is an indazole-based synthetic cannabinoid from the indazole-3-carboxamide family, which has been used as an active ingredient in synthetic cannabis products and has been sold online as a designer drug. 5F-ADB is a potent agonist of the CB1 receptor, though it is unclear whether it is selective for this target. 5F-ADB was first identified in November 2014 from post-mortem samples taken from an individual who had died after using a product containing this substance. Subsequent testing identified 5F-ADB to have been present in a total of ten people who had died from unexplained drug overdoses in Japan between September 2014 and December 2014. 5F-ADB is believed to be extremely potent based on the very low levels detected in tissue samples, and appears to be significantly more toxic than earlier synthetic cannabinoid drugs that had previously been sold.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">ADB-CHMINACA</span> Chemical compound

ADB-CHMINACA (also known as MAB-CHMINACA) is an indazole-based synthetic cannabinoid. It is a potent agonist of the CB1 receptor with a binding affinity of Ki = 0.289 nM and was originally developed by Pfizer in 2009 as an analgesic medication. It was identified in cannabinoid blends in Japan in early 2015.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">5F-AMB</span> Chemical compound

5F-AMB (also known as 5F-MMB-PINACA and 5F-AMB-PINACA) is an indazole-based synthetic cannabinoid from the indazole-3-carboxamide family, which has been used as an active ingredient in synthetic cannabis products. It was first identified in Japan in early 2014. Although only very little pharmacological information about 5F-AMB itself exists, its 4-cyanobutyl analogue (instead of 5-fluoropentyl) has been reported to be a potent agonist for the CB1 receptor (KI = 0.7 nM).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">5F-APINACA</span> Chemical compound

5F-APINACA is an indazole-based synthetic cannabinoid that has been sold online as a designer drug. Structurally it closely resembles cannabinoid compounds from patent WO 2003/035005 but with a 5-fluoropentyl chain on the indazole 1-position, and 5F-APINACA falls within the claims of this patent, as despite not being disclosed as an example, it is very similar to the corresponding pentanenitrile and 4-chlorobutyl compounds which are claimed as examples 3 and 4.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">5F-CUMYL-PINACA</span> Chemical compound

5F-CUMYL-PINACA (also known as SGT-25 and sometimes sold in e-cigarette form as C-Liquid) is an indazole-3-carboxamide based synthetic cannabinoid. 5F-CUMYL-PINACA acts as a potent agonist for the cannabinoid receptors, with the original patent claiming approximately 4x selectivity for CB1, having an EC50 of <0.1 nM for human CB1 receptors and 0.37 nM for human CB2 receptors. In more recent assays using different techniques, 5F-CUMYL-PINACA was variously found to have an EC50 of 0.43 nM at CB1 and 11.3 nM at CB2, suggesting a somewhat higher CB1 selectivity of 26 times, or alternatively 15.1 nM at CB1 and 34.8 nM at CB2 with only 2.3 times selectivity, however these figures cannot be directly compared due to the different assay techniques used in each case.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">MDMB-FUBINACA</span> Chemical compound

MDMB-FUBINACA (also known as MDMB(N)-Bz-F and FUB-MDMB) is an indazole-based synthetic cannabinoid that is a potent agonist for the cannabinoid receptors, with Ki values of 1.14 nM at CB1 and 0.1228 nM at CB2 and EC50 values of 0.2668 nM at CB1 and 0.1411 nM at CB2, and has been sold online as a designer drug. Its benzyl analogue (instead of 4-fluorobenzyl) has been reported to be a potent agonist for the CB1 receptor (Ki = 0.14 nM, EC50 = 2.42 nM). The structure of MDMB-FUBINACA contains the amino acid 3-methylvaline or tert-leucine methyl ester.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">AMB-FUBINACA</span> Chemical compound

AMB-FUBINACA (also known as FUB-AMB and MMB-FUBINACA) is an indazole-based synthetic cannabinoid that is a potent agonist for the cannabinoid receptors, with Ki values of 10.04 nM at CB1 and 0.786 nM at CB2 and EC50 values of 0.5433 nM at CB1 and 0.1278 nM at CB2, and has been sold online as a designer drug. It was originally developed by Pfizer which described the compound in a patent in 2009, but was later abandoned and never tested on humans. AMB-FUBINACA was the most common synthetic cannabinoid identified in drug seizures by the Drug Enforcement Administration in 2017 and the first half of 2018.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">FUB-144</span> Chemical compound

FUB-144 (also known as FUB-UR-144) is an indole-based synthetic cannabinoid that is presumed to be a potent agonist of the CB1 receptor and has been sold online as a designer drug. It is an analogue of UR-144 and XLR-11 where the pentyl chain has been replaced with fluorobenzyl.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">FUB-APINACA</span> Chemical compound

FUB-APINACA (also known as A-FUBINACA according to the EMCCDA framework for naming synthetic cannabinoids and FUB-AKB48) is an indazole-based synthetic cannabinoid that is presumed to be a potent agonist of the CB1 receptor and has been sold online as a designer drug. It is an analog of APINACA and 5F-APINACA where the pentyl chain has been replaced with fluorobenzyl.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">5F-AB-FUPPYCA</span> Chemical compound

5F-AB-FUPPYCA (also known as AZ-037) is a pyrazole-based synthetic cannabinoid that is presumed to be an agonist of the CB1 receptor and has been sold online as a designer drug. It was first detected by the EMCDDA as part of a seizure of 540 g white powder in France in February 2015.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">5F-EDMB-PINACA</span> Chemical compound

5F-EDMB-PINACA is a designer drug and synthetic cannabinoid. In 2018, it was the fourth-most common synthetic cannabinoid identified in drugs seized by the Drug Enforcement Administration.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">MDMB-4en-PINACA</span> Chemical compound

MDMB-4en-PINACA is an indazole-based synthetic cannabinoid that has been sold online as a designer drug. In 2021, MDMB-4en-PINACA was the most common synthetic cannabinoid identified by the Drug Enforcement Administration in the United States. MDMB-4en-PINACA differs from 5F-MDMB-PINACA due to replacement of 5-fluoropentyl with a pent-4-ene moiety (4-en).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">4F-MDMB-BINACA</span> Chemical compound

4F-MDMB-BINACA (also known as 4F-MDMB-BUTINACA or 4F-ADB) is an indazole-based synthetic cannabinoid from the indazole-3-carboxamide family. It has been used as an active ingredient in synthetic cannabis products and sold as a designer drug since late 2018. 4F-MDMB-BINACA is an agonist of the CB1 receptor (EC50 = 7.39 nM), though it is unclear whether it is selective for this target. In December 2019, the UNODC announced scheduling recommendations placing 4F-MDMB-BINACA into Schedule II throughout the world.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">ADB-4en-PINACA</span> Chemical compound

ADB-4en-PINACA is a cannabinoid designer drug that has been found as an ingredient in some synthetic cannabis products, first appearing in early 2021. It is a reasonably potent cannabinoid agonist in vitro but has not been so widely sold as related compounds such as ADB-PINACA and MDMB-4en-PINACA.

References

  1. 1 2 21 CFR 1308.11 Archived 2009-08-27 at the Wayback Machine (CSA Sched I) with changes through 77 FR 64032 (Oct 18, 2012). Retrieved September 6, 2013.
  2. ↑ 21 U.S.C.   § 812(b)(1) United States Code via Cornell University's Legal Information Institute. Retrieved on 2007-10-02.
  3. ↑ Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) (22 Jan 2002). "Title 21 — Food and Drugs Chapter 13 - Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Subchapter I — Control and Enforcement Part D — Offenses and Penalties: Sec. 841. Prohibited Acts A(a)". Archived from the original on 26 September 2009. Retrieved 23 Oct 2009.
  4. ↑ Code of Federal Regulations, 2012-04-01
  5. ↑ The first 8 items in the temporary section of the schedule shown on the DEA website are not included here because they are duplicates of entries in the tables above. Presumably, this is because they were made permanent and copied there at some point, but inadvertently not deleted from this temporary listing section.
  6. ↑ Drug Enforcement Administration, Department of Justice (2017). "Schedules of Controlled Substances: Placement of Acetyl Fentanyl into Schedule I. Final order". Federal Register. 82 (108): 26349–51. PMID   28591974.
  7. ↑ "DEA Schedules Deadly Synthetic Drug U-47700". November 10, 2016.
  8. ↑ Drug Enforcement Administration (2015). "Schedules of Controlled Substances: Temporary Placement of Acetyl Fentanyl Into Schedule I. Final order". Fed. Regist. 80 (137): 42381–5. PMID   26189217.
  9. ↑ Drug Enforcement Administration, Department of Justice (2016). "Schedules of Controlled Substances: Temporary Placement of Furanyl Fentanyl Into Schedule I. Final order". Fed. Regist. 81 (229): 85873–7. PMID   27906535.
  10. ↑ Drug Enforcement Administration, Department of Justice (2017). "Schedules of Controlled Substances: Temporary Placement of Acryl Fentanyl into Schedule I. Temporary scheduling order". Federal Register. 82 (134): 32453–7. PMID   28715161.
  11. 1 2 3 Drug Enforcement Administration, Department of Justice (2017). "Schedules of Controlled Substances: Temporary Placement of ortho-Fluorofentanyl, Tetrahydrofuranyl Fentanyl, and Methoxyacetyl Fentanyl into Schedule I. Temporary amendment; temporary scheduling order". Federal Register. 82 (206): 49504–8. PMID   29091366.
  12. 1 2 Drug Enforcement Administration, Department of Justice (2016). "Schedules of Controlled Substances: Temporary Placement of Butyryl Fentanyl and Beta-Hydroxythiofentanyl into Schedule I. Final order". Federal Register. 81 (92): 29492–6. PMID   27192733.
  13. ↑ Drug Enforcement Administration, Department of Justice (2017). "Schedules of Controlled Substances: Temporary Placement of 4-Fluoroisobutyryl Fentanyl into Schedule I. Temporary scheduling order". Federal Register. 82 (84): 20544–8. PMID   28497944.
  14. ↑ Drug Enforcement Administration, Department of Justice (2018). "Schedules of Controlled Substances: Temporary Placement of Cyclopropyl Fentanyl in Schedule I. Temporary amendment; temporary scheduling order". Federal Register. 83 (3): 469–72. PMID   29319947.
  15. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Drug Enforcement Administration, Department of Justice (2018). "Schedules of Controlled Substances: Temporary Placement of Seven Fentanyl-Related Substances in Schedule I. Temporary amendment; temporary scheduling order". Federal Register. 83 (22): 4580–5. PMID   29932604.
  16. ↑ Drug Enforcement Administration, Department of Justice (2018). "Schedules of Controlled Substances:Temporary Placement of Fentanyl-Related Substances in Schedule I. Temporary amendment; temporary scheduling order". Federal Register. 83 (25): 5188–92. PMID   29932611.
  17. ↑ https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2016-12-14/pdf/2016-29941.pdf [ bare URL PDF ]
  18. 1 2 3 Drug Enforcement Administration (2015). "Schedules of Controlled Substances: Extension of Temporary Placement of Three Synthetic Phenethylamines in Schedule I. Final order". Fed. Regist. 80 (219): 70657–9. PMID   26567439.
  19. ↑ "Schedules of Controlled Substances: Temporary Placement of N-Ethylpentylone in Schedule I". Drug Enforcement Administration.
  20. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Schedules of Controlled Substances: Temporary Placement of N-Ethylhexedrone, α-PHP, 4-MEAP, MPHP, PV8, and 4-Chloro-α-PVP in Schedule I". Drug Enforcement Administration.
  21. 1 2 3 4 Drug Enforcement Administration, Department of Justice (Feb 10, 2014). "Schedules of controlled substances: temporary placement of four synthetic cannabinoids into Schedule I. Final order". Fed. Regist. 79 (27): 7577–7582. PMID   24605391.
  22. 1 2 3 Drug Enforcement Administration, Department of Justice (2015). "Schedules of controlled substances: Temporary placement of three synthetic cannabinoids into schedule I. Final order". Federal Register. 80 (20): 5042–7. PMID   25730924.
  23. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Schedules of Controlled Substances: Temporary Placement of Six Synthetic Cannabinoids (5F-ADB, 5F-AMB, 5F-APINACA, ADB-FUBINACA, MDMB-CHMICA and MDMB-FUBINACA) Into Schedule I". Drug Enforcement Administration.
  24. ↑ Drug Enforcement Administration, Department of Justice (2018). "Schedules of Controlled Substances: Extension of Temporary Placement of MAB–CHMINACA in Schedule I of the Controlled Substances Act. Temporary rule; temporary scheduling order; extension". Federal Register. 83 (20): 4411–2. PMID   29461023.
  25. 1 2 3 4 5 "Schedules of Controlled Substances: Temporary Placement of 5F-EDMB-PINACA, 5F-MDMB-PICA, FUB-AKB48, 5F-CUMYL-PINACA, and FUB-144 into Schedule I". Federal Register.

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