Related Research Articles
On May 5–8, 1965, a significant tornado outbreak affected much of the Central United States. For four consecutive days, tornado outbreaks produced at least three significant (F2+) tornadoes each day, and at least two violent (F4–F5) tornadoes on three of the four days. The entire sequence generated 37 significant tornadoes, including at least nine violent tornadoes, one of which was rated F5. On May 5, two F4s struck Iowa, including a long-tracked tornado family that injured 11 people. On May 6, an outbreak of six strong tornadoes, four of them violent F4s, affected Minneapolis and St. Paul, Minnesota, and has been nicknamed "The Longest Night", killing 13 people and causing major damages—at the time the most damaging single weather event in Minnesota history. Three of the six tornadoes occurred on the ground simultaneously, and two of them hit the section of Minnesota State Highway 100 and University Avenue in the city of Fridley. Both Fridley tornadoes damaged 1,100 homes and destroyed about 425; total losses reached $14.5 million, $5 million of which was to the Fridley school system.
An extremely rare wintertime tornado outbreak affected the Midwestern United States on January 24, 1967. Of the 30 confirmed tornadoes, 13 occurred in Iowa, nine in Missouri, seven in Illinois, and one in Wisconsin. The outbreak produced, at the time, the northernmost tornado to hit the United States in winter, in Wisconsin, until January 7, 2008. The tornadoes formed ahead of a deep storm system in which several temperature records were broken. The deadliest and most damaging tornado of the outbreak struck Greater St. Louis at F4 intensity, killing three people and injuring 216.
The Great Storm of 1975 was an intense winter storm system that impacted a large portion of the Central and Southeast United States from January 9–12, 1975. A classic panhandle hook, the mid-latitude cyclone produced an outbreak of 45 tornadoes in the Southeast U.S. resulting in 12 fatalities, while later dropping over 2 feet (61 cm) of snow and killing 58 people in the Midwest. This storm, which caused blizzard conditions, remains one of the worst blizzards to ever strike parts of the Midwest, as well as one of the largest January tornado outbreaks on record in the United States.
On August 6, 1969, a destructive tornado outbreak affected portions of the Upper Midwest—principally north-central Minnesota. The severe weather event generated 14 confirmed tornadoes, killed 15 people, and caused 109 injuries. To date, the outbreak remains the deadliest on record in the North Woods region of Minnesota. It is also known as the 1969 Minnesota tornado outbreak and the 1969 North Woods tornado outbreak. The most destructive tornado of the outbreak was a 33-mile-long (53 km) violent F4 that leveled miles of timberland and farmland across portions of Crow Wing, Cass, and Aitkin counties in Minnesota, killing at least 12 people and injuring 70 others.
A destructive severe weather episode affected portions of the Midwestern and Southern United States from April 30–May 2, 1967. It consisted of two consecutive tornado outbreaks that generated at least 38 tornadoes, causing 13 fatalities and 90 injuries. All of the deaths occurred on April 30, which is known as the 1967 Iowa–Minnesota tornado outbreak, or Black Sunday, to residents of Iowa and southern Minnesota. That day spawned a total of 21 tornadoes, devastating the towns of Albert Lea and Waseca, Minnesota.
On May 24–25, 1957, a tornado outbreak primarily affected the Western High Plains, Central Great Plains, and Central Oklahoma/Texas Plains of the United States. 45 tornadoes touched down over the area, most of which took place across northern and western Texas, in addition to southern Oklahoma. Overall activity initiated over eastern New Mexico and spread northeastward as far as southwestern Wisconsin. The strongest tornado, which occurred in southern Oklahoma on May 24, was assigned a rating of F4 near Lawton. Anomalously, some tornadoes touched down during the early morning hours, rather than late afternoon or early evening, when daytime heating typically peaks.
On March 21–22, 1952, a severe tornado outbreak generated eight violent tornadoes across the Southern United States, causing 209 fatalities—50 of which occurred in a single tornado in Arkansas. In addition, this tornado outbreak is the second deadliest on record to ever affect the state of Tennessee, with 66 of the fatalities associated with this outbreak occurring in the state; this is only surpassed by the 90 fatalities from a tornado outbreak in 1909, and in terms of fatalities is well ahead of both the 1974 Super Outbreak and the Super Tuesday tornado outbreak, each of which resulted in 45 and 31 fatalities, respectively. The severe weather event also resulted in the fourth-largest number of tornado fatalities within a 24-hour period since 1950. To date this was considered the most destructive tornado outbreak in Arkansas on record.
On Tuesday, February 23, 1965, a small, localized tornado outbreak affected southern portions of the U.S. state of Florida. At least four confirmed tornadoes touched down between 10 a.m.–1 p.m. EST (15:00–18:00 UTC); the strongest tornado moved through the Fort Lauderdale area and produced F3 damage on the Fujita scale, injuring six people. In addition, an F1 tornado also moved through northern Broward and southern Palm Beach counties. Two tornadoes also affected Lee County, producing F2 and F1 damage, respectively.
On Tuesday, April 15, 1958, a tornado outbreak produced severe weather over peninsular Florida and part of neighboring Georgia. A total of five tornadoes occurred, a few of which produced F3-level damage; one of these, in Polk County, Florida, was officially assigned an F4 rating, becoming one of only two violent tornadoes recorded in the U.S. state of Florida, but this was disputed and retroactively revised by tornado researcher Thomas P. Grazulis. The only undisputed F4 tornado on record in Florida occurred on April 4, 1966, also in Polk County, near Gibsonia and Galloway. In total, 36 people were injured during the 1958 outbreak, but no deaths were directly related to the tornadoes. However, four airmen flying through a severe thunderstorm in the Tampa Bay area went missing following the crash of their jet and were presumed dead.
This page documents the tornadoes and tornado outbreaks of 1982, primarily in the United States. Most tornadoes form in the U.S., although some events may take place internationally. Tornado statistics for older years like this often appear significantly lower than modern years due to fewer reports or confirmed tornadoes.
On December 18–20, 1957, a significant tornado outbreak sequence affected the southern Midwest and the South of the contiguous United States. The outbreak sequence began on the afternoon of December 18, when a low-pressure area approached the southern portions of Missouri and Illinois. Supercells developed and proceeded eastward at horizontal speeds of 40 to 45 miles per hour, yielding what was considered the most severe tornado outbreak in Illinois on record so late in the calendar year. Total losses in the state were estimated to fall within the range of $8–$10 million.
The December 2015 North American storm complex, also known as Winter Storm Goliath, was a major storm complex that produced a tornado outbreak, a winter storm, a blizzard and an ice storm in areas ranging from the Southwestern United States to New England. Tornadoes struck the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex in Texas while several other states, especially Missouri, were affected by heavy rain and snow causing severe floods. As the system moved through the Great Lakes, heavy rain, ice pellets and heavy snow fell in the entire region. Wintry mix moved through southern Ontario and Quebec had significant snowfall on December 29. Almost 60 people were killed during the storm system's progression and aftermath, making it one of the deadliest such systems of 2015 in the United States.
From April 2–3, 1982, a major tornado outbreak resulted in over 60 tornadoes and 30 fatalities, primarily over portions of Northeast Texas and Southwest Arkansas, as well as Southeastern Oklahoma. Three of the tornadoes were rated F4, and one officially was recorded as an F5 near Broken Bow, Oklahoma, all on April 2. Beginning on April 2, a series of tornado-producing supercells formed across portions of northeastern Texas and southeastern Oklahoma. One produced an F5 tornado, the first since April 4, 1977, which crossed mostly rural areas near Speer and Broken Bow, and deposited a motel sign from Broken Bow 30 miles (48 km) away in Arkansas. However, reanalysis a decade later found the rating to be lower, owing to unsound construction practices. The F5 tornado resulted in no fatalities, but an F4 tornado in Paris, Texas, resulted in 10 fatalities and 170 injuries. Additionally, the Storm Prediction Center, known then as the Severe Local Storms Unit, issued its first officially documented high risk on April 2, as well as the first tornado watch to contain the wording Particularly Dangerous Situation (PDS).
This page documents the tornadoes and tornado outbreaks of 1964, primarily in the United States. Most tornadoes form in the U.S., although some events may take place internationally. Tornado statistics for older years like this often appear significantly lower than modern years due to fewer reports or confirmed tornadoes.
This page documents the tornadoes and tornado outbreaks of 1954, primarily in the United States. Most tornadoes form in the U.S., although some events may take place internationally. Tornado statistics for older years like this often appear significantly lower than modern years due to fewer reports or confirmed tornadoes.
The first six days of December 1953 produced a destructive and deadly tornado outbreak sequence across the Southern United States. There were 19 confirmed tornadoes, including a large and violent F4 tornado that hit the northwest side of Alexandria, Louisiana and even more large and violent F5 tornado that hit Vicksburg, Mississippi. In all, the tornadoes killed 49 people, injured 404 others, and caused $45,709 million in damage. The death toll made this deadliest December tornado outbreak ever recorded and it would not be surpassed until 2021. This was also the last of the series of deadly and catastrophic tornado outbreaks to strike the US in 1953.
References
- Grazulis, Thomas P. (November 1990). Significant Tornadoes 1880–1989. Vol. 2. St. Johnsbury, Vermont: The Tornado Project of Environmental Films. ISBN 1-879362-02-3.
Footnotes
- 1 2 3 Edward W. Ferguson; Joseph T. Schaefer; Steven J. Weiss; Larry F. Wilson; Frederick P. Ostby (August 1983). "Tornado 1982: A Near-Record Year". Monthly Weather Review . 111 (8). American Meteorological Society: 1665–1678. Bibcode:1983MWRv..111.1665F. doi: 10.1175/1520-0493(1983)111<1665:TANRY>2.0.CO;2 .
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Grazulis, p. 628
- 1 2 3 "Area escapes heavy damage from violent weather". The Tuscaloosa News. Associated Press. January 4, 1982. p. 2. Retrieved April 18, 2011.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 "Tornadoes in January 1982". National Climatic Data Center. Tornado History Project. 2011. Retrieved April 18, 2011.
- ↑ Dana Walker (January 15, 1982). "Weather prepares for a record cold weekend". The Bryan Times. p. 2. Retrieved April 18, 2011.
- ↑ "Snow Buries Twin Cities". The Palm Beach Post. Associated Press. January 21, 1982. p. A2. Retrieved April 18, 2011.
- ↑ "Midwest again hit by winter storm". Gadsden Times. Associated Press. January 23, 1982. p. 1. Retrieved April 18, 2011.
- 1 2 "Tornadoes in February 1982". National Climatic Data Center. Tornado History Project. 2011. Retrieved April 18, 2011.
- ↑ "Students trapped in volcano". Lewiston Morning Tribune. February 13, 1982. p. 2A. Retrieved April 18, 2011.
- ↑ Tom Tryon (February 18, 1982). "Wet Winds Leave Damages In Wake". Sarasota Herald-Tribune. p. 1B. Retrieved April 18, 2011.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 "Tornadoes in March 1982". National Climatic Data Center. Tornado History Project. 2011. Retrieved April 18, 2011.
- ↑ "Man Dies as Tornadoes Strike Southern Florida". New York Times. Associated Press. March 7, 1982. Retrieved April 18, 2011.
- ↑ "Damage heavy as tornadoes slam Florida areas". Rome News-Tribune. March 7, 1982. p. A1. Retrieved April 18, 2011.
- 1 2 United Press International (March 8, 1982). "Tornado blows up a $500,000 storm". The Montreal Gazette. p. C8. Retrieved April 18, 2011.
- ↑ United Press International (March 14, 1982). "Tornado, High Winds Hit Plains, Midwest". Sarasota Herald-Tribune. p. 1A. Retrieved April 19, 2011.
- ↑ "Midwest Inundated; Twisters Hit Texas". Daytona Beach Morning Journal. Associated Press. March 15, 1982. p. 2A. Retrieved April 19, 2011.
- ↑ "Twisters slam Texas town". Eugene Register-Guard. Associated Press. March 15, 1982. p. 3A. Retrieved April 19, 2011.
- 1 2 "Tornadoes Rip Texas". The Evening News. Associated Press. March 15, 1982. p. 5A. Retrieved April 19, 2011.
- ↑ "Thunderstorms over Tennessee". Boca Raton News. March 18, 1982. p. 2A. Retrieved April 24, 2011.
- ↑ "Floodwaters Seep Through Dike". Daily Times. Associated Press. March 18, 1982. p. 1. Retrieved April 24, 2011.
- 1 2 3 Grazulis, p. 629
- ↑ United Press International (March 30, 1982). "Fierce spring storms spawn heavy snow in Northwest". Ellensburg Daily Record. p. 12. Retrieved April 25, 2011.
- ↑ "Tornado cleanup underway in state". The Milwaukee Journal. March 31, 1982. p. 2. Retrieved April 24, 2011.
- ↑ "Drill Previews Ohio Tornado". Daily Times. Associated Press. April 1, 1982. p. 1. Retrieved April 24, 2011.