List of eurypterid genera

Eurypterus , the most commonly found eurypterid fossil and the first eurypterid genus to be described

This list of eurypterid genera is a comprehensive listing of all genera that have ever been included in the order Eurypterida, excluding purely vernacular terms. The list includes all commonly accepted genera, but also genera that are now considered invalid, doubtful ( nomen dubium ), or were not formally published ( nomen nudum ), as well as junior synonyms of more established names and genera that are no longer considered eurypterids. The list currently includes 115 names, out of which 74 are considered valid eurypterid genera.

There are approximately 250 species of eurypterids recognized as valid. ^[1]

Naming conventions and terminology

There is no "official" or "canonical" list of eurypterid genera. The closest thing is found contained in the regularly updated Summary listof fossil spiders and their relatives in the World Spider Catalog. The vast majority of the content of the list below, including the valid genera, preoccupied names, junior synonyms, taxonomical classifications and sites of discovery, is based upon the 2018 edition of the Summary list. Content not based on the list, such as genera described after its publication, is noted through inline citations.

Naming conventions and terminology follow the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Technical terms used include:

• Junior synonym : A name which describes the same taxon as a previously published name. If two or more genera are formally designated and the type specimens are later assigned to the same genus, the first to be published (in chronological order) is the senior synonym, and all other instances are junior synonyms. Senior synonyms are generally used, except by special decision of the ICZN, but junior synonyms cannot be used again, even if deprecated. Junior synonymy is often subjective, unless the genera described were both based on the same type specimen.
• Nomen nudum (Latin for "naked name"): A name that has appeared in print but has not yet been formally published by the standards of the ICZN. Nomina nuda (the plural form) are invalid, and are therefore not italicized as a proper generic name would be. If the name is later formally published, that name is no longer a nomen nudum and will be italicized on this list. Often, the formally published name will differ from any nomina nuda that describe the same specimen.
• Nomen manuscriptum (Latin for "manuscript name"): A name that appears in manuscript of a formal, but not-peer-reviewed, publication that has no scientific backing. A nomen manuscriptum is equivalent to a nomen nudum for everything except the method of publication, and description.
• Nomen oblitum (Latin for "forgotten name"): A name that has not been used in the scientific community for more than fifty years after its original proposal.
• Preoccupied name : A name that is formally published, but which has already been used for another taxon. This second use is invalid (as are all subsequent uses) and the name must be replaced. As preoccupied names are not valid generic names, they will also go unitalicized on this list.
• Nomen dubium (Latin for "dubious name"): A name describing a fossil with no unique diagnostic features.

Eurypterid genera

  Valid genus

  Dubious taxon, synonym, preoccupied name or informal name

  Missassigned genus

Genus Author(s) Year Status Age Location Notes Acanthoeurypterus Kjellesvig-Waering N/A Jr. synonym N/A N/A Nomen manuscriptum , also considered as a synonym of Eurypterus. [2] Acutiramus Ruedemann 1935 Valid Silurian - Devonian Australia [3] United States Czech Republic Canada Adelophthalmus Jordan 1854 Valid Devonian - Permian Nearly cosmopolitan, see article. Alkenopterus Størmer 1974 Valid Devonian Germany Alloeurypterus Kjellesvig-Waering N/A Jr. synonym N/A N/A Nomen manuscriptum , also considered as a synonym of Eurypterus. [2] Angustidontus Cooper 1936 Misidentification [4] N/A N/A Misidentified, a crustacean. Anthraconectes Meek & Worthen 1868 Jr. synonym N/A N/A Synonym of Adelophthalmus . Baltoeurypterus Størmer 1973 Jr. synonym N/A N/A Synonym of Eurypterus . Bassipterus Kjellesvig-Waering & Leutze 1966 Valid Silurian United States Belinuropsis Matthew 1910 Nomen dubium Carboniferous Canada Too poorly preserved to be assigned to any particular arthropod group. [5] Bembicosoma Laurie 1899 Misidentification [6] N/A N/A Misidentified, a stem genus on Planaterga. Borchgrevinkium Novojilov 1959 Misidentification [1] N/A N/A Misidentified, possibly a stem prosomapod. Brachyopterella Kjellesvig-Waering 1966 Valid Silurian Norway Scotland Brachyopterus Størmer 1951 Valid Ordovician Wales Bunodella Matthew 1889 Nomen dubium Silurian Canada Uncertain affinities, probably synonym of Acutiramus . [7] Buffalopterus Kjellesvig-Waering & Heubusch 1962 Valid Silurian United States Campylocephalus Eichwald 1860 Valid Carboniferous  - Permian Russia Czech Republic Campylognathus Diener 1924 Preoccupied [8] N/A N/A Preoccupied by a genus of plant bugs, changed to Campylocephalus . Carcinosoma Claypole 1890 Valid Silurian England Canada United States Scotland Ciurcopterus Tetlie & Briggs 2009 Valid Silurian United States Clarkeipterus Kjellesvig-Waering 1966 Valid Silurian United States Clintonipterus Kjellesvig-Waering N/A Nomen nudum N/A N/A Informal name that only appears in notes in museum drawers. [9] Ctenopterus Clarke & Ruedemann 1912 Valid Silurian United States Curviramus Ruedemann 1935 Jr. synonym N/A N/A Synonym of Pterygotus . Cyrtoctenus Størmer & Waterston 1968 Jr. synonym N/A N/A Synonym of Hibbertopterus . [10] Dolichocephala Claypole 1883 Preoccupied N/A N/A Preoccupied by a genus of flies, synonym of Hallipterus . Dolichopterus Hall 1859 Valid Silurian United States Sweden Dorfopterus Kjellesvig-Waering 1955 Valid Devonian United States Drepanopterus Laurie 1892 Valid Silurian - Devonian Scotland England Canada Dunsopterus Waterston 1968 Jr. synonym N/A N/A Synonym of Hibbertopterus . [10] Echinognathus Walcott 1882 Valid Ordovician United States Eocarcinosoma Caster & Kjellesvig-Waering 1964 Valid Ordovician United States Erettopterus Salter 1859 Valid Silurian - Devonian Canada England Estonia Norway Scotland Sweden United States Erieopterus Kjellesvig-Waering 1958 Valid Silurian - Devonian United States Canada Norway Germany Eidothea Scouler 1831 Preoccupied [11] N/A N/A Preoccupied name, changed to Campylocephalus . Eurypterella Matthew 1888 Nomen dubium Carboniferous Canada Too poorly preserved to be assigned to any particular arthropod group. [12] Eurypterus de Kay 1825 Valid Silurian Norway England United States Sweden Estonia Eurysoma Claypole 1890 Preoccupied N/A N/A Preoccupied name, changed to Carcinosoma . Eusarcana Strand 1942 Valid Silurian - Devonian Scotland Czech Republic United States Eusarcus Grote & Pitt 1875 Preoccupied N/A N/A Preoccupied name, changed to Eusarcana . Eysyslopterus Tetlie & Poschmann 2008 Valid Silurian Estonia Glaucodes Pruvost 1923 Jr. synonym [13] N/A N/A Synonym of Mycterops . Glyptoscorpius Peach 1882 Jr. synonym N/A N/A Synonym of Adelophthalmus . Grossopterus Størmer 1934 Valid Devonian Germany Israel Hallipterus Kjellesvig-Waering 1963 Valid Devonian United States Hardieopterus Waterston 1979 Valid Silurian Scotland England United States Hastimima White 1908 Valid Permian Brazil South Africa United States Herefordopterus Tetlie 2006 Valid Silurian England Hibbertopterus Kjellesvig-Waering 1959 Valid Carboniferous Belgium Czech Republic Ireland Scotland South Africa Himantopterus Salter 1856 Preoccupied [14] N/A N/A Unavailable junior homonym, replaced by name Erettopterus Holmipterus Kjellesvig-Waering 1979 Valid Silurian Sweden Hughmilleria Sarle 1903 Valid Silurian United States China Jaekelopterus Waterston 1964 Valid Devonian United States Germany Kiaeropterus Waterston 1979 Valid Silurian Norway Scotland Kockurus Chlupáč 1995 Misidentification N/A N/A Misidentified, likely represents an aglaspidid. Kodymirus Chlupáč 1995 Misidentification N/A N/A Misidentified, likely represents an aglaspidid. Kokomopterus Kjellesvig-Waering 1966 Valid Silurian United States Lanarkopterus Ritchie 1968 Valid Silurian Scotland Lamontopterus Waterston 1979 Valid Silurian Scotland Laurieipterus Kjellesvig-Waering 1966 Valid Silurian Scotland Leiopterella Lamsdell, Braddy, Loeffler & Dineley 2010 Valid Devonian Canada Lepidoderma Reuss 1855 Jr. synonym N/A N/A Synonym of Adelophthalmus . Marsupipterus Caster & Kjellesvig-Waering 1955 Valid Silurian England Mazonipterus Kjellesvig-Waering 1963 Misidentification N/A N/A Misidentified, a plant. Megalograptus Miller 1874 Valid Ordovician United States Megarachne Hünicken 1980 Valid Carboniferous  - Permian Argentina Melbournopterus Caster & Kjellesvig-Waering 1953 Misidentification N/A N/A Misidentified, a brachipod. Mixopterus Ruedemann 1921 Valid Silurian Norway Estonia United States Moselopterus Størmer 1974 Valid Devonian Germany Latvia Mycterops Cope 1886 Valid Carboniferous Scotland Belgium United States Nanahughmilleria Kjellesvig-Waering 1961 Valid Silurian - Devonian England Norway Russia Scotland United States Necrogammarus Woodward 1870 Valid Silurian England Onychopterella Størmer 1951 Valid Ordovician - Silurian South Africa United States Onychopterus Miller & Gurley 1896 Preoccupied [13] N/A N/A Preoccupied name, changed to Onychopterella . Orcanopterus Stott, Tetlie, Braddy, Nowlan, Glasser & Devereux 2005 Valid Ordovician Canada Pagea Waterston 1962 Valid Devonian Canada Paracarcinosoma Caster & Kjellesvig-Waering 1964 Jr. synonym N/A N/A Synonym of Eusarcana . Paraeurypterus Lamsdell, Hoşgör & Selden 2013 Valid Ordovician Turkey Parahughmilleria Kjellesvig-Waering 1961 Valid Silurian - Devonian Canada England Germany Luxembourg Russia Scotland United States Parastylonurus Kjellesvig-Waering 1966 Valid Silurian Scotland England Parka Fleming 1831 Misidentification [15] N/A N/A Misidentified, a plant. Pentecopterus [16] Lamsdell et al. 2015 Valid Ordovician United States Pentlandopterus Lamsdell, Hoşgör & Selden 2013 Valid Ordovician Scotland Pittsfordipterus Kjellesvig-Waering & Leutze 1966 Valid Silurian United States Polystomurum [17] Novojilov 1958 Misidentification N/A N/A Misidentified, an unplaced euchelicerate. [1] Polyzosternites Goldenberg 1873 Jr. synonym N/A N/A Synonym of Adelophthalmus . Pterygotus Agassiz 1839 Valid Silurian - Devonian Nearly cosmopolitan, see article. Rhenopterus Størmer 1936 Valid Devonian Germany Rhinocarcinosoma Novojilov 1962 Valid Silurian United States Vietnam Ruedemannipterus Kjellesvig-Waering 1966 Valid Silurian United States Salteropterus Kjellesvig-Waering 1951 Valid Silurian England Sidneyia Walcott 1911 Misidentification [18] N/A N/A Misidentified, an arachnomorph. [19] Slimonia Page 1856 Valid Silurian England Scotland Bolivia Soligorskopterus [20] Plax, Lamsdell, Vrazo & Barbikov 2018 Valid Devonian Belarus Stoermeropterus Lamsdell 2011 Valid Devonian Norway Scotland United States Strabops Beecher 1901 Misidentification [21] N/A N/A Misidentified, a strabopid. Strobilopterus Ruedemann 1935 Valid Silurian - Devonian Estonia United States Stylonurella Kjellesvig-Waering 1966 Valid Silurian - Devonian Scotland United States Stylonuroides Kjellesvig-Waering 1966 Valid Silurian - Devonian Norway Russia Stylonurus Page 1856 Valid Devonian Scotland United States Syntomopterella Tellie 2007 Jr. synonym N/A N/A Synonym of Strobilopterus . Syntomopterus Kjellesvig-Waering 1961 Preoccupied N/A N/A Preoccupied name, changed to Strobilopterus . Tarsopterella Størmer 1951 Valid Devonian Scotland Tarsopterus Clarke & Ruedemann 1912 Preoccupied [13] N/A N/A Preoccupied name, changed to Tarsopterella . Terropterus [22] Wang, Dunlop, Gai, Lei, Jarzembowski & Wang 2021 Valid Silurian China Truncatiramus Kjellesvig-Waering 1961 Jr. synonym N/A N/A Synonym of Erettopterus . Tylopterella Størmer 1951 Valid Silurian Canada Tylopterus Clarke & Ruedemann 1912 Preoccupied [13] N/A N/A Preoccupied name, changed to Tylopterella . Unionopterus Chernyshev 1948 Valid Carboniferous Kazakhstan Vinetopterus Poschmann & Tellie 2004 Valid Devonian Germany Vernonopterus Waterston 1968 Valid Carboniferous Scotland Waeringopterus Leutze 1961 Valid Silurian United States Wiedopterus [23] Poschmann 2015 Valid Devonian Germany Willwerathia Størmer 1936 Misidentification [24] N/A N/A Misidentified, a xiphosuran. Woodwardopterus Kjellesvig-Waering 1959 Valid Carboniferous Scotland		Acutiramus . Adelophthalmus . Brachyopterus . Campylocephalus . Carcinosoma . Ciurcopterus . Dolichopterus . Drepanopterus . Erettopterus . Eurypterus . Eusarcana . Hallipterus . Herefordopterus . Hibbertopterus . Hughmilleria . Jaekelopterus . Kokomopterus . Laurieipterus . Megalograptus . Megarachne . Mixopterus . Nanahughmilleria . Onychopterella . Orcanopterus . Pentecopterus . Pterygotus . Slimonia . Stoermeropterus . Strobilopterus . Stylonurus .

Eurypterid ichnogenera

Genus Author(s) Year Status Age Location Notes Arcuites [25] Vrazo & Ciurca 2017 Valid Silurian Canada United States Merostomichnites [26] Packard 1900 Valid Ordovician - Silurian Norway Portugal Merostomichnites tracks in Norway were likely made by the genus Mixopterus . Palmichnium [27] Richter 1954 Valid Devonian - Carboniferous Australia Canada United States Wales

See also

• Timeline of eurypterid research
• List of xiphosuran genera
• List of trilobite genera
• List of ammonite genera
• List of prehistoric malacostracans

References

General

• Dunlop, J. A., Penney, D. & Jekel, D. 2018. A summary list of fossil spiders and their relatives. In World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern.

Citations

1. Dunlop, J. A., Penney, D. & Jekel, D. 2018. A summary list of fossil spiders and their relatives. In World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern
2. O. Erik Tetlie (2006). "Two new Silurian species of Eurypterus (Chelicerata: Eurypterida) from Norway and Canada and the phylogeny of the genus" (PDF). Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 4 (4): 397–412. doi:10.1017/S1477201906001921. ISSN   1478-0941. S2CID   83519549 . Retrieved May 20, 2011.
3. Bicknell, Russell D. C.; Smith, Patrick M.; Poschmann, Markus (2020). "Re-evaluating evidence of Australian eurypterids" . Gondwana Research . 86: 164–181. Bibcode:2020GondR..86..164B. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2020.06.002. S2CID   225748023.
4. Rolfe, William; Dzik, Jerzy (2006-12-01). "Angustidontus, a Late Devonian pelagic predatory crustacean". Transactions: Earth Sciences. 97: 75–96. doi:10.1017/S0263593300001413. S2CID   86524135.
5. Miller, Randall F. (1995-08-01). "The status of Belinuropsis wigudensis Matthew, 1910, a Pennsylvanian merostome from New Brunswick, Canada". Atlantic Geology. 31 (2). doi: 10.4138/2104 . ISSN   1718-7885.
6. Anderson, Lyall I.; Moore, Rachel A. (2003). "Bembicosoma re-examined: a xiphosuran from the Silurian of the North Esk Inlier, Pentland Hills, Scotland" . Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences. 94 (3): 199–206. doi:10.1017/S0263593300000614. S2CID   89604861.
7. Miller, Randall F.; Tetlie, O. Erik (2007). "The presumed Synziphosuran Bunodella horrida Matthew, 1889 (Silurian; Cunningham Creek Formation, New Brunswick, Canada) is a eurypterid". Journal of Paleontology. 81 (3): 588–590. doi:10.1666/05127.1. S2CID   85708511.
8. Waterston, Charles D. (1958). "XII.—The Scottish Carboniferous Eurypterida" . Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. 63 (2): 265–288. doi:10.1017/S0080456800009492. S2CID   130625350.
9. Tetlie, Odd Erik (2004). Eurypterid phylogeny with remarks on the origin of arachnids (PhD). University of Bristol. pp. 1–344.
10. Hughes, Emily Samantha (2019). Discerning the diets of sweep-feeding eurypterids through analyses of mesh-modified appendage armature (MS thesis). West Virginia University. pp. 1–61. doi: 10.33915/etd.3890 .
11. "†Eurypterida". www.helsinki.fi. Retrieved 2018-01-14.
12. Dunlop, Jason A.; Miller, Randall F. (2007-10-16). "The fossil arachnid genus Eurymartus MATTHEW, 1895 and the eurypterid genus Eurypterella MATTHEW, 1889 from the Late Carboniferous" . Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen. 245 (3): 295–300. doi:10.1127/0077-7749/2007/0245-0295.
13. Størmer, Leif. "A new eurypterid from the Ordovician of Montgomeryshire, Wales." Geological Magazine; November 1951; v. 88; no. 6; p. 409-422.
14. D. Waterston, Charles (1964-01-01). "II.—Observations on Pterygotid Eurypterids". Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. 66 (2): 9–33. doi:10.1017/S0080456800023309. S2CID   130261793.
15. Niklas, Karl J. (1976). "Morphological and Ontogenetic Reconstructions of Parka decipiens Fleming and Pachytheca Hooker from the Lower Old Red Sandstone, Scotland" . Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. 69 (21): 483–499. doi:10.1017/S0080456800015507. S2CID   130910741.
16. Lamsdell, James C.; Briggs, Derek E. G.; Liu, Huaibao P.; Witzke, Brian J.; McKay, Robert M. (2015-09-01). "The oldest described eurypterid: a giant Middle Ordovician (Darriwilian) megalograptid from the Winneshiek Lagerstätte of Iowa". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 15: 169. doi: 10.1186/s12862-015-0443-9 . ISSN   1471-2148. PMC   4556007 . PMID   26324341.
17. Novojilov, N. (1958). Aleksandr Grigorevich Sharov (ed.). Polystomurum strømeri new genus and species of Eurypterida from the Devonian of the region of Voronell. Mat. Princip. Paleont. (Moscow). Vol. 2. pp. 47–50.
18. Walcott, Charles Doolittle (1911). "Cambrian Geology and Paleontology". Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections. 57 (2): 17–40.
19. Zhang, Xingliang; Han, Jian; Shu, Degan (2002). "New occurrence of the Burgess Shale arthropod Sidneyia in the Early Cambrian Chengjiang Lagerstätte (South China), and revision of the arthropod Urokodia". Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology. 26 (1): 1–8. doi:10.1080/03115510208619239. S2CID   129442308.
20. Plax, Dmitry P.; Lamsdell, James C.; Vrazo, Matthew B.; Barbikov, Dmitry V. (2018). "A new genus of eurypterid (Chelicerata, Eurypterida) from the Upper Devonian salt deposits of Belarus". Journal of Paleontology . 92 (5): 838–849. doi:10.1017/jpa.2018.11. S2CID   134054742.
21. Hou, X.-G; Bergström, J (1997-12-22). "Arthropods of the Lower Cambrian Chengjiang fauna, southwest China". Fossils and Strata. 45: 1–116.
22. Wang, Han; Dunlop, Jason A.; Gai, Zhikun; Lei, Xiaojie; Jarzembowski, Edmund A.; Wang, Bo (2021). "First mixopterid eurypterids (Arthropoda: Chelicerata) from the Lower Silurian of South China". Science Bulletin. 66 (22): 2277–2280. Bibcode:2021SciBu..66.2277W. doi:10.1016/j.scib.2021.07.019. PMID   36654455.
23. Poschmann, Markus (2015-12-01). "Sea scorpions (Chelicerata, Eurypterida) from the Lower Devonian (Siegenian) of the Lahrbach Valley/Westerwald area (SW Germany, Rhineland-Palatinate)". Paläontologische Zeitschrift. 89 (4): 783–793. doi:10.1007/s12542-015-0261-9. ISSN   0031-0220. S2CID   128555537.
24. Anderson, Lyall I.; Poschmann, Markus; Brauckmann, Carsten (1998-11-01). "On the Emsian (Lower Devonian) arthropods of the Rhenish Slate Mountains: 2. The synziphosurine Willwerathia". Paläontologische Zeitschrift. 72 (3–4): 325–336. doi:10.1007/BF02988363. ISSN   0031-0220. S2CID   128464147.
25. Vrazo, Matthew B.; Ciurca, Samuel J. (2018). "New trace fossil evidence for eurypterid swimming behaviour". Palaeontology. 61 (2): 235–252. doi: 10.1111/pala.12336 . ISSN   1475-4983. S2CID   133765946.
26. Hanken, N.-M. & Størmer, L. (1975): "The trail of a large Silurian eurypterid". Fossils and Strata, No. 4, pp. 255-270, Pl. 1 -3.
27. Adolf Seilacher (2007). "Arthropod trackways". Trace Fossil Analysis. Springer. pp. 18–31. ISBN   978-3-540-47225-4.