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This section of the list of rampage killers contains mass murders, committed by lone wolf perpetrators, that have a foremost religious, political or racial background.
A lone actor, lone-actor terrorist, or lone wolf is someone who prepares and commits violent acts alone, outside of any command structure and without material assistance from any group. They may be influenced or motivated by the ideology and beliefs of an external group and may act in support of such a group. In its original sense, a "lone wolf" is an animal or person that generally lives or spends time alone instead of with a group.
Fundamentalism usually has a religious connotation that indicates unwavering attachment to a set of irreducible beliefs. However, fundamentalism has come to be applied to a tendency among certain groups–mainly, although not exclusively, in religion–that is characterized by a markedly strict literalism as it is applied to certain specific scriptures, dogmas, or ideologies, and a strong sense of the importance of maintaining ingroup and outgroup distinctions, leading to an emphasis on purity and the desire to return to a previous ideal from which advocates believe members have strayed. Rejection of diversity of opinion as applied to these established "fundamentals" and their accepted interpretation within the group often results from this tendency.
Political violence is violence perpetrated by people or governments to achieve political goals. It can describe violence used by a state against other states (war) or against non-state actors. It can also describe politically-motivated violence by non-state actors against a state or against other non-state actors. Non-action on the part of a government can also be characterized as a form of political violence, such as refusing to alleviate famine or otherwise denying resources to politically identifiable groups within their territory.
A rampage killer has been defined as follows:
A rampage involves the (attempted) killing of multiple persons least partly in public space by a single physically present perpetrator using (potentially) deadly weapons in a single event without any cooling-off period. [1]
This list should contain every case with at least one of the following features:
All abbreviations used in the table are explained below.
Perpetrator | Date | Year | Location | Country | Killed | Injured | W | Additional notes | Ref. | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. | Unknown | Dec. 4 | 1977 | Tanjung Kupang | 99 | 0 | F V | Died in the crash | ||
2. | Lahouaiej-Bouhlel, Mohamed Salmene, 31 | July 14 | 2016 | Nice | 86 | 458 | F V | Killed by police | ||
3. | Breivik, Anders Behring, 32 | July 22 | 2011 | Oslo & Utøya | 75 | 241 | F E | Sentenced to 21 years in prison Two more died trying to escape | ||
4. | Tarrant, Brenton Harrison, 28 (suspect) | March 15 | 2019 | Christchurch | 51 | 49 | F | Arrested | ||
5. | Mateen, Omar Mir Seddique, 29 | June 12 | 2016 | Orlando, Florida | 49 | 53 | F | Killed by police | ||
6. | Two unknown men | Aug. 3 | 2018 | Gardez | 48 | 70+ | F E | One killed by security One committed suicide | [2] | |
7. | Masharipov, Abdulkadir, 28 (suspect) | Jan. 1 | 2017 | Istanbul | 39 | 79 | F | Arrested | ||
8. | Yacoubi, Seifeddine Rezgui, 22 (سيف الدين رزقي اليعقوبي) | June 26 | 2015 | Sousse | 38 | 39 | F E | Killed by police | ||
9. | Ibragimov, Ahmed, 43 (Ибрагимов, Ахмед) | Oct. 8 | 1999 | Mekenskaya, Chechnya | 35 | 20+ | F | Killed by angry mob A few days before the shooting, he killed several people | ||
10. | Two unknown men | Aug. 1 | 2017 | Herat | 33 | 66 | F E | Both committed suicide | ||
11. | Farooq, Ashraf Ali Mohammed Yasin, Murtuza Hafiz | Sept. 24/25 | 2002 | Gandhinagar | 31 | 80+ | F E | Both killed by police | ||
12. | Morral Roca, Mateu, 25 | May 31/June 2 | 1906 | Madrid | 30 | 100+ | F E | Committed suicide | ||
13. | Two unknown men | Aug. 24 | 2010 | Mogadishu | 30 | 5+ | F E | Both committed suicide | ||
14. | Goldstein, Baruch Kappel, 37 (ברוך קופל גולדשטיין) | Feb. 25 | 1994 | Hebron, West Bank | 29 | 125 | F | Killed by angry mob | ||
15. | Abbas al-Baqir Abbas, 33 (عباس الباقر عباس) | Dec. 8 | 2000 | Jarafa | 22–27 | 31–53 | F | Killed by police | ||
16. | Two unknown men | Sept. 6 | 1986 | Istanbul | 22 | 6 | F E | Both died | [3] | |
17. | Two unknown men | Nov. 20 | 2015 | Bamako | 20 | 7–9 | F E | Both killed by soldiers | ||
18. | Unknown | Oct. 11 | 2016 | Kabul | 18 | 36 | F E | Killed by police | [4] | |
19. | Fieschi, Giuseppe Marco, 44 | July 28 | 1835 | Paris | 18 | 22 | F | Sentenced to death and executed | ||
20. | Kurbanjan Hemit, 28 (库尔班江·依明提) Abdurahman Azat, 33 (阿不都热合曼·阿扎提) | Aug. 4 | 2008 | Kashgar | 17 | 15 | MEV | Both sentenced to death and executed | ||
21. | Bales, Robert, 38 [n 1] | March 11 | 2012 | Najeeban & Alkozai | 16 | 6 | FMA | Sentenced to life imprisonment Also killed a dog and cow | ||
22. | Two unknown men | Nov. 24 | 2002 | Jammu | 14 | 45 | F E | Both committed suicide | ||
23. | Farook, Syed Rizwan, 28 Malik, Tashfeen, 29 | Dec. 2 | 2015 | San Bernardino, California | 14 | 24 | F | Both killed by police | ||
24. | Lardanchet, Jean-Pierre Friedli, André | Dec. 15/16 | 1995 | Vercors | 14 | 0 | F | Both committed suicide | ||
25. | Unknown | July 20 | 2001 | Sheshnag | 13–14 | 14–15 | F E | Killed by police | [5] | |
26. | Amri, Anis Ben Othman, 24 (أنيس العامري) | Dec. 19/23 | 2016 | Berlin Milan | 12 | 57 | FMV | Killed by police | ||
27. | Kouachi, Saïd, 34 Kouachi, Chérif, 32 | Jan. 7 | 2015 | Paris | 12 | 11 | F | Both killed by police | ||
28. | Two unknown men | March 30 | 2002 | Jammu | 11 | 20 | F E | Both committed suicide | ||
29. | Unknown | Dec. 29 | 2017 | Cairo | 11 | 10 | F | Arrested Suspected of other attacks | ||
30. | Bowers, Robert Gregory, 46 (suspect) | Oct 27 | 2018 | Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania | 11 | 6 | F | Arrested | ||
31. | Harphul Singh | July 23 | 1930 | Tohana | 11–15 | 4 | F A | Sentenced to death and executed Killed five people two years earlier | [6] | |
32. | Unknown | May | 1928 | Kobe | 11 | ? | Committed suicide | [7] | ||
33. | Kulikbayev, Ruslan Alpysbayuly, 26 (Кулекбаев, Руслан Алпысбаевич) | July 17/18 | 2016 | Almaty | 10 | 10 | F | Sentenced to death | ||
34. | Tha'ir Kayid Hamad, 22 (ثائر كايد حماد) | March 3 | 2002 | Ofra, West Bank | 10 | 6 | F | Sentenced to life imprisonment | ||
35. | Two unknown men | May 13 | 2017 | Gwadar | 10 | 1 | F | Unsolved | ||
36. | Ekmekjian, Levon (Լեւոն Էքմէքճեան) Sarkissian, Zohrab (Զօհրապ Սարգիսեան) | Aug. 7 | 1982 | Ankara | 9 | 72 | F E | Sarkissian killed by police Ekmekjian sentenced to death and executed | ||
37. | Two unknown men | Dec. 17 | 2017 | Quetta | 9 | 57 | F E | One killed by security One committed suicide | ||
38. | Unknown | Aug. 6 | 2002 | Nunwan | 9 | 31 | F E | Killed by police | [8] | |
39. | Zhou Lanpu, (周兰普) | May 29 | 1981 | Handan | 9 | 15 | FMV | Sentenced to death and executed | [9] | |
40. | Essex, Mark James Robert, 23 | Dec. 31 / Jan. 7 | 1972 1973 | New Orleans, Louisiana | 9 | 13 | F A | Killed by police | ||
41. | Mohsin Yahya Munassar Al-Hilali, 38 (محسن يحيى منصر الهلالي) | July 30 | 2003 | Mish'al | 9 | 1 | F | Sentenced to death | [10] | |
42. | Roof, Dylann Storm, 21 | June 17 | 2015 | Charleston, South Carolina | 9 | 1 | F | Sentenced to death | ||
43. | Unknown | July 11 | 1988 | Cruise ship City of Poros | 8 | 98 | F E | Committed suicide | ||
44. | Unknown Soldier [n 1] | Nov. 8 | 1988 | Jessore | 8 | 50 | F | Committed suicide | [11] | |
45. | Two unknown men | Oct. 7 | 2005 | Mong | 8 | 20 | F | Unsolved | ||
46. | Strydom, Barend Hendrik, 23 | Nov. 8/15 | 1988 | De Deur & Pretoria | 8 | 16 | F | Sentenced to death plus 30 years | [12] | |
47. | Punchi Banda Kandegedera | Feb. 25 | 1936 | Colombo | 8 | 10 | F | Sentenced to death | [13] | |
48. | Suleiman Mohammed Abdul-Hamid Khater, 24 (سليمان خاطر) | Oct. 5 | 1985 | Ras Burqa | 8 | 4 | F | Sentenced to life imprisonment | [14] | |
49. | Piruz Nahavandi (پیروز نهاوندی) | Oct. 31 | 644 | Medina | Rashidun Caliphate | 7–10 | 3–6 | M | Committed suicide | |
50. | Unknown [n 1] | 1924 | Drew, Mississippi | 7–8 | ? | F | Unsolved | [15] | ||
51. | Wang Xiwen, 32 (王锡文) | Nov. 17 | 1980 | Handan | 7 | 12 | F E | Sentenced to death and executed Also killed two pigs | ||
52. | Popper, Ami, 21 (עמי פופר) | May 20 | 1990 | Rishon LeZion | 7 | 11 | F | Sentenced to seven consecutive life terms; Later reduced to 40 years in prison | ||
53. | Ahmed Daqamseh, 26 (أحمد الدقامسة) | March 13 | 1997 | Island of Peace | 7 | 6 | F | Sentenced to 20 years in prison | [16] | |
54. | Merah, Mohammed, 23 | March 11–22 | 2012 | Toulouse & Montauban | 7 | 6 | F | Killed by police | ||
55. | Smith, Roland James, 51 | Dec 8 | 1995 | New York City, New York | 7 | 4 | F A | Committed suicide | [17] | |
56. | Kariyev, Maksat Kokshkinbaevich, 34 (Кариев, Максат Кокшкинбаевич) | Nov. 12 | 2011 | Taraz | 7 | 3 | F E | Committed suicide | [18] | |
57. | Unknown | Sep. 23 | 2018 | Shar-e-Safa | 6–8 | ? | F | Killed by soldiers | [19] | |
58. | Omar Rub Yousef Rub | Nov. 28 | 2002 | Beit She'an | 6 | 34 | F E | Both killed by police | ||
59. | Abdul Salaam Sadek Hassouneh, 24 (عبد السلام صادق حسونة) | Jan. 17 | 2002 | Hadera | 6 | 33 | F E | Committed suicide | [20] | |
60. | Ferguson, Colin, 35 | Dec 7 | 1993 | Garden City, New York | 6 | 19 | F | Sentenced to 315 years and eight months to life imprisonment | ||
61. | Bissonnette, Alexandre, 27 | Jan. 29 | 2017 | Quebec City, Quebec | 6 | 19 | F | Sentenced to life imprisonment | ||
62. | Two unknown men | Dec. 14 | 1998 | Peć | 6 | 15 | F | Unsolved | ||
63. | Melod Najah (ميلود نجاح) | Nov. 25 | 1987 | Kiryat Shmona | 6 | 7 | F E | Killed by soldiers | [21] | |
64. | Uday Abu Jamal, 22 Ghassan Muhammad Abu Jamal, 32 | Nov. 18 | 2014 | Jerusalem | 6 | 7 | FM | Both killed by police | ||
65. | Two unknown men | June 18 | 1994 | Loughinisland, Northern Ireland | 6 | 5 | F | Unsolved | ||
66. | Page, Wade Michael, 40 | Aug. 5 | 2012 | Oak Creek, Wisconsin | 6 | 4 | F | Committed suicide | ||
67. | Two unknown men | July 2 | 1976 | Antrim, Northern Ireland | 6 | 3 | F | Unsolved | ||
68. | Shadi Sa'id as-Su’ayida (شادي سعيد السعايدة) Da'oud al-Haj (داود الحاج) | Feb. 19 | 2002 | Ein 'Arik, West Bank | 6 | 1 | F | Su’ayida sentenced to life imprisonment Haj escaped | ||
69. | Two unknown men | March 12 | 2002 | Matzuva | 6 | 1 | F E | Both killed by soldiers | ||
70. | Tsarnaev, Dzhokhar Anzorovich, 19 Tsarnaev, Tamerlan Anzorovich, 26 | April 15–19 | 2013 | Boston, Cambridge, & Watertown, Massachusetts | 5 | 280 | FME | Dzhokhar sentenced to death Tamerlan killed by police and run over by Dzhokhar Possibly involved in the 2011 Waltham triple murder | ||
71. | Shafik al-Arid, 22 Talal Khantourah, 21 | Aug. 5 | 1973 | Athens | 5 | 55 | F E | Pleaded guilty | [22] | |
72. | Masood, Khalid, 52 | March 22 | 2017 | London, England | 5 | 49 | MV | Killed by police | ||
73. | Abdallah Ahmed Yahia Zeid Ghassan (عبد الله يحيى غسان) | March 5 | 2004 | Dhamar | 5 | 30 | F E | Committed suicide | [23] | |
74. | Ayman Mohammed Hassan, 23 | Nov. 25 | 1990 | Eilat | 5 | 26 | F | Sentenced to 12 years | [24] | |
75. | Ansari, Aftab Nasir, Jamiluddin | Jan. 22 | 2002 | Kolkata | 5 | 20 | F | Both sentenced to death | [25] | |
76. | Ahmed Jassim Ibrahim, 25 (احمد جاسم ابراهيم) | June 12 | 2009 | Baghdad | 5 | 12 | F E | Killed by security | [26] | |
77. | Coulibaly, Amedy, 32 | Jan. 7–9 | 2015 | Montrouge & Porte de Vincennes | 5 | 11 | F | Killed by police | ||
78. | Johnson, Micah Xavier, 25 | July 7 | 2016 | Dallas, Texas | 5 | 11 | F | Killed by police | ||
79. | Chekatt, Chérif, 29 | Dec. 11 | 2018 | Strasbourg | 5 | 11 | FM | Killed by police | ||
80. | Two unknown men | June 20 | 2002 | Itamar, West Bank | 5 | 10 | F | Both killed by soldiers | ||
81. | Two unknown men | March 13 | 2013 | Srinagar | 5 | 10 | F E | Both killed by police | ||
82. | Two unknown men | Feb. 5 | 1992 | Belfast, Northern Ireland | 5 | 9 | F | Unsolved | ||
83. | Shuja al-Dosari, 20 (شجاع الدوسري) | Oct. 16 | 2015 | Saihat | 5 | 9 | F | Killed by police | [27] | |
84. | Two unknown men | Dec. 12 | 2004 | Philadelphi Route, Gaza Strip | 5 | 6 | F E | Both killed by soldiers | ||
85. | Elosegi, José Javier Zabaleta Irujo, Juan María Tapia | Nov. 3 | 1980 | Zarautz | 5 | 5 | F | Elosegi sentenced to 200 years in prison Irujo sentenced to 66 years in prison | ||
86. | Unknown Soldier | Sep. 24 | 1956 | Ramat Rachel | 4 | 17 | F | Arrested | [28] | |
87. | Lakdim, Redouane, 25 | March 23 | 2018 | Carcassonne & Trèbes | 4 | 15 | FM | Killed by police | ||
88. | Natan-Zada, Eden, 19 (עדן נתן-זדה) | Aug. 4 | 2005 | Shfar'am | 4 | 12 | F | Killed by angry mob | [29] | |
89. | Nel, Johan, 18 | Jan. 14 | 2008 | Skierlik | 4 | 8 | F | Sentenced to life imprisonment Also killed one ostrich | [30] | |
90. | Mullah Abdullah, 60 Gool, Badsha Mahommed, 40 | Jan. 1 | 1915 | Broken Hill, New South Wales | 4 | 7 | F | Both killed by police | [31] | |
91. | Two unknown men | April 27 | 2002 | Adora, West Bank | 4 | 7 | F | One killed One escaped | ||
92. | Khalid al-Mahmara Muhammad Ahmad Moussa Mahmara | June 8 | 2016 | Tel Aviv | 4 | 7 | F | Arrested | ||
93. | Stone, Michael, 32 | March 16 | 1988 | Belfast, Northern Ireland | 3 | 60+ | F E | Sentenced to 682 years in prison | ||
94. | Ibrahim Mohammed Hasuna, 20 (إبراهيم محمد محمود حسونة) | March 5 | 2002 | Tel Aviv | 3 | 35 | FME | Killed by police | [32] | |
95. | Lortie, Denis, 25 | May 8 | 1984 | Quebec City, Quebec | 3 | 13 | F | Sentenced to life imprisonment | ||
96. | Ibrahim al-Akri (إبراهيم العكاري) | Nov. 5 | 2014 | Jerusalem | 3 | 13 | MV | Killed by police | ||
97. | Dear, Robert Lewis, 57 | Nov. 27 | 2015 | Colorado Springs, Colorado | 3 | 9 | F | Found mentally unfit to stand trial | ||
98. | Marwen Hasan, 25 Hesham Mohammed Rajeh, 21 | Aug. 29 | 1981 | Vienna | 2 | 30 | F E | Both sentenced to life imprisonment Rajeh killed a man on May 1, 1981 | ||
99. | Raed Muhammed al-Rifi, 22 | March 17 | 1992 | Jaffa | 2 | 19 | M | Killed by police | [33] | |
100. | Two unknown men | Oct. 9 | 1994 | Jerusalem | 2 | 16 | F | |||
101. | Hatem Shweikeh, 24 | Nov. 4 | 2001 | Jerusalem | 2 | 15–42 | F | Killed | [34] | |
102. | Princip, Gavrilo, 19 Čabrinović, Nedeljko, 19 | June 28 | 1914 | Sarajevo | 2 | 16 | F E | Both sentenced to 20 years in prison | ||
103. | Saeed Ibrahim Ramadan, 24 (سعيد إبراهيم رمضان) | Jan. 22 | 2002 | Jerusalem | 2 | 16 | F | Killed by police | [35] | |
104. | Unknown | Aug. 1 | 2009 | Tel Aviv | 2 | 11–15 | F | Unsolved | [36] | |
105. | Two unknown men | Nov. 3 | 1997 | Wad Madani | 2 | 10 | M | Arrested | [37] | |
106. | Smith, Benjamin Nathaniel, 21 | July 2–4 | 1999 | Chicago, Skokie & Decatur, Illinois Bloomington, Indiana | 2 | 10 | F | Committed suicide |
The W-column gives a basic description of the weapons used in the murders
The Jerusalem bulldozer attack occurred on July 2, 2008, when an Arab resident of East Jerusalem identified as Hussam Taysir Duwait attacked several cars on Jaffa Road in Jerusalem in a vehicle-ramming attack using a front-end loader, killing three people and wounding at least thirty other pedestrians, before being shot to death. Israeli government spokesman Mark Regev said that an inquiry indicated the attacker had been acting alone. A motive for the attack could not immediately be determined, but police at the scene referred to the incident as a terrorist attack. Three copycat attacks have occurred since then.
The 2000 Jarafa mosque massacre was an attack on members of Ansar al-Sunna praying at a mosque in Jarafa, a village in the outskirts of Omdurman, Sudan on December 8, 2000. A lone gunman, Abbas al-Baqir Abbas, a member of Takfir wal-Hijra, opened fire with a Kalashnikov assault rifle during evening prayers, killing at least 22 people and injuring more than 30 others, before he was shot dead by police.
Events in the year 2002 in Israel.
On June 7, 2013, a killing spree by a lone shooter occurred in Santa Monica, California. Its catalyst was a domestic dispute and subsequent fire at a home, followed by a series of shootings near and on the Santa Monica College campus. Six people were killed, including the suspect, and four injured. The shooter — 23-year-old John Zawahri — was killed by police officers when he exchanged gunfire with them at the Santa Monica College library.
A vehicle-ramming attack is an assault in which a perpetrator deliberately rams a vehicle into a building, crowd of people, or another vehicle. The earliest known use of a vehicle-ramming attack took place in 1973 in Prague, former Czechoslovakia, when Olga Hepnarová killed 8 people. According to Stratfor Global Intelligence analysts, this attack represented a new militant tactic which is less lethal but could prove more difficult to prevent than suicide bombings.
An increase of violence occurred in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict starting early September 2015 and lasting into the first half of 2016, known as the "Intifada of the Individuals" by Israelis or the "Knife Intifada" or "Stabbing Intifada" by international media because of the preponderance of stabbing attacks, or "Habba" by Palestinians
On 18 October 2015, a lone gunman entered the bus station in Beersheba, Israel, and shot and killed a soldier guarding the station. The gunman took the felled soldier's automatic rifle and fired into the crowd. When more security officers appeared, the gunman fled, but was felled by security personnel responding to the incident. A bystander, mistaken for a second terrorist, was shot by police and repeatedly kicked and beaten as he lay injured; he died of his injuries. At least eleven people, including a bystander who later died and four police officers, were hospitalized with wounds.
On November 13/14, 2017, a series of shootings occurred in Rancho Tehama Reserve, an unincorporated community in Tehama County, California located 120 miles northwest of Sacramento. The gunman, 44-year-old Kevin Janson Neal, died by suicide after a Corning police officer rammed and stopped his stolen vehicle.