The following is a list of religious slurs or religious insults in the English language that are, or have been, used as insinuations or allegations about adherents or non-believers of a given religion or irreligion, or to refer to them in a derogatory (critical or disrespectful), pejorative (disapproving or contemptuous), or insulting manner.
Term | Location of origin | Targeted demographic | Meaning origin and notes | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Bible beater, Bible basher | North America | Evangelicals of Baptist, Methodist and Pentecostal denominations | A dysphemism for evangelical Christians who believe in the inerrancy of the Bible, particularly those from Baptist, Methodist and Pentecostal denominations. [1] It is also a slang term for an evangelising Christian. Commonly used universally against Christians who are perceived to go out of their way to energetically preach their faith to others. | [1] [2] [3] |
Bible thumper | United States | Christian people | Someone perceived as aggressively imposing their Christian beliefs upon others. The term derives from preachers thumping their hands down on the Bible, or thumping the Bible itself, to emphasize a point during a sermon. The term's target domain is broad and can often extend to anyone engaged in a public show of religion, fundamentalist or not. The term is frequently used in English-speaking countries. | [4] |
Cafeteria Christian | United States | Selection of Christian doctrines | Used by some Christians, and others, to accuse other Christian individuals or denominations of selecting which Christian doctrines they will follow, and which they will not. | [5] |
Chuhra | Punjab | Christians | Derived from the Chuhra caste, a Dalit community whose traditional occupation was sweeping and cleaning. Most Christians in Punjab, along with many in Uttar Pradesh, are from the Chuhra and Chamar communities. The term has been used in an abusive manner to refer to Dalits in the Indian subcontinent and in Pakistan specifically, it has been applied to Christians of Dalit ancestry. In India, the terms "Chuhra" and "Chamar" are used abusively as well towards those of Dalit ancestry, though without reference to any specific religious community. | [6] [7] [8] [9] |
Fundie | United States | Christian fundamentalists | Shortening of fundamentalist . Usually used to mean a Christian fundamentalist. | [10] |
God botherer | Australia | Christian people | Similar to Bible basher, a person who is very vocal about their religion and prayer. | [11] |
Isai | Pakistan | Christian people | From Isa Masih, a name of Jesus Christ in the Hindi-language Bible. [12] The term literally means '[person/people] of Jesus' in India and Pakistan, but in the latter country, Isai has been pejoratively used by non-Christians to refer to 'street sweepers' or 'labourers', occupations that have been held by Christian workers of Dalit ancestry. [13] In neighboring India, the term Isai simply refers to Christians and has no negative connotations; in northern India, Christians use the term Isai to refer to themselves. [14] | |
Rice Christian, Rice bag | United Kingdom, India | Materially benefiting Christians In India: Christians (especially lower caste converts) | Someone who has formally declared themself a Christian for material benefits rather than for religious reasons. In India, the term has been extended to refer to any Christian convert. | [15] [16] |
Term | Location of origin | Targeted demographic | Meaning origin and notes | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Campbellite | United States | Followers of Church of Christ | Followers of the Church of Christ, from American Restoration Movement leaders Thomas Campbell and Alexander Campbell, the latter being one of two key people considered the founders of the movement. | [17] |
Holy Roller | United States | Methodists of the Holiness Movement, Holiness Pentecostals | Named after church services involving spontaneous acts of worship, such as sobbing, wailing, groaning, and kneeling. | [18] [19] [20] |
Hun | United Kingdom, Ireland | Christian Protestants, especially Glasgow Rangers supporters | Used by Irish republicans against Protestant unionists, especially by Glasgow Celtic supporters against those of Glasgow Rangers | [21] [22] |
Jaffa | United Kingdom | Christian Protestants | Named after a common orange-flavoured cake/biscuit in Ireland and UK. | [22] |
Prod, Proddy | United Kingdom, Ireland | Christian Protestants | Particularly used by bullies to disparage a child who attends a Protestant school. Proddywhoddy and proddywoddy are used in children's school rhymes in Cork. | [23] [22] |
Orangie | Ireland | Ulster Protestants | Referring to the Orange Order | [22] |
Russellite | United States | Jehovah's Witnesses | Jehovah's Witnesses, from American religious leader Charles Taze Russell. | [24] [25] |
Shaker | United States | Christian people | Member of the United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing. Originated as "Shaking Quakers", in reference to their similarity to Quakers as well as their charismatic worship practices, which involved dancing, shouting, and speaking in tongues. The term was originally derogatory, but very early on was embraced and used by the Shakers themselves. | [26] [27] [28] |
Shouting Methodists | United States, United Kingdom | Methodists | Member of a Methodist denomination, in reference to their free expression and enthusiasm during worship, particularly during revival services and camp meetings. | [29] [30] |
Soup-taker | Ireland | Christian who has sold out their beliefs | Person who has sold out their beliefs, referring to the Great Famine of Ireland when some Catholics converted to a Protestant faith in order to gain access to a free meal. | [31] |
Term | Location of origin | Targeted demographic | Meaning origin and notes | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Left-footer | United Kingdom | Roman Catholics | An informal phrase for a Roman Catholic, particularly in the armed forces. Derived from a belief that Irish laborers kick their shovels into the ground with their left foot. | [32] [33] |
Fenian | United Kingdom | Irish Catholics | A term originally referencing the Fenian Brotherhood and the Irish Republican Brotherhood, organizations which supported a united Ireland. Today the term is used as a sectarian slur by Protestants, especially in Northern Ireland, Scotland and Australia. | [34] |
Mackerel snapper | North America | Roman Catholics | The term originated in the U.S. in the 1850s and refers to the custom of Friday abstinence. The Friday abstinence from meat (red meat and poultry) distinguishes Catholics from other Christians, especially in North America. | [35] [36] |
Mick | United Kingdom | Irish Catholics | Usually an Irish Catholic (a reference to the common "Mc" patronymic of Irish surnames, or a hypocorism of "Michael"). | [37] |
Papist | Northern Ireland, North America, U.K. in general | Roman Catholic | Usually Irish Catholic; online often used generically for any Catholic. [38] | [38] |
Red letter tribe | North America | Roman Catholics | A name given to Catholics for their keeping so many holy days; marked in their almanacs with red-coloured letters. | [39] |
Bead-rattler | Anglophone countries; predominantly the United States, U.K., Canada, and Australia | Roman Catholics | Roman Catholic person, in reference to the Catholic ritual of praying with rosary beads. | [40] [41] [42] |
Redneck | Ireland | Roman Catholics | Roman Catholic person, now considered archaic due to its association with the better-known American term. | [43] |
Romanist | Predominantly North America and the U.K. | Roman Catholics | Term used when anti-Catholicism was more common in the United States, as well as in Northern Ireland by Ulster Protestants | [44] [45] |
Shaveling | Unknown | Roman Catholics | Usually disparaging: a tonsured clergyman, priest. | [46] |
Taig | Northern Ireland | Irish Catholics | From tadhg, perhaps Irish for "Timothy". | [47] |
Term | Location of origin | Targeted demographic | Meaning origin and notes | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jacobite | Syriac Orthodox | The term is named after Jacob Baradeus who liberated the Oriental Orthodox from persecution in the mid-6th century. This title is rejected by the Syriac Orthodox as it assumes that the Church had been started by Jacob. | [48] |
Term | Location of origin | Targeted demographic | Meaning origin and notes | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Molly Mormon | United States | Latter Day Saint | Term for the stereotype of a "perfect" female member of LDS Church. | [49] |
Peter Priesthood | United States | Latter Day Saint | Term for the stereotype of a "perfect" male member of LDS Church. | [50] |
Jack Mormon | United States | Latter Day Saint | A non-faithful LDS person or a non-Mormon altogether. Jack Mormon is usually used by non-Mormons to describe Mormons that do not follow the Word of Wisdom (dietary and health practices that exclude the use of tobacco or alcohol) and by Mormons to describe members that do not sufficiently follow practices. It is also used by Mormons to describe those who were Mormon but remain friendly to the church. It may be applied to ex-Mormons who have repudiated the church and its teachings but that is a rare usage. | [51] |
Term | Location of origin | Targeted demographic | Meaning, origin and notes | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Abbie, Abie | North America | Jewish male | A Jewish male. From the proper name Abraham. Originated before the 1950s. [52] | [52] |
Christ-killer | Jews | In reference to Jewish deicide. | [53] | |
Feuj (verlan for juif) | France | Jews | A corruption of the French word for Jewish, juif. Originating from the French argot Verlan. | [54] |
Heeb, Hebe | United States | Jews | Derived from the word Hebrew. | [55] [56] |
Hymie | United States | Jews | Derived from the Hebrew Chaim ('life'). Also used in the term Hymietown, a nickname for Brooklyn, New York, and as a first name. | [57] |
Ikey, Ike | United States | Jews | Derived from Isaac, an important figure in Judaism and common Hebrew given name. | [58] |
Itzig | Nazi Germany | Jews | From Yiddish איציק (itsik), a variant or pet form of the name Isaak (alternatively Isaac). | [59] |
Jewboy | United States | Young Jewish boys | For a young Jewish male, originally young Jewish boys who sold counterfeit coins in 18th century London. | [60] [61] |
Jidan | Romania | Jews | From jid, Romanian equivalent of yid. | [62] |
Kike | United States | Jews | Possibly from the Yiddish word for 'circle', kikel, It was suggested by Leo Rosten that the term originates from Jews who entered the United States at Ellis Island signed their names with a circle instead of a cross because they associated the cross with Christianity. | [63] [64] |
Mocky | United States | Jews | First used in the 1930s, possibly from the Yiddish word makeh meaning 'plague'. | [65] [66] |
Red Sea pedestrian | Australia | Jews | A Jew, from the story of Moses leading the Jewish people out of Egypt in the Book of Exodus. | [67] |
Rootless cosmopolitan (Russian : безродный космополит) | Soviet Union | Jews | Soviet epithet as an accusation of lack of full allegiance to the Soviet Union. | [68] |
Sheeny | Europe | Jews | From Yiddish sheyn or German schön meaning 'beautiful'. | [69] |
Shylock | England | Jews | Jewish people as shrewd and money-loving; derived from the character in Shakespeare's play "Merchant of Venice". | [70] |
Yid | Europe | Jews | Yiddish word for 'Jew'. | [71] |
Zhyd | Russia | Jews | From Russian and other Slavic languages, originally neutral, but became pejorative during debate over the Jewish question in the 1800s. Its use was banned by the Soviet authorities in the 1930s. | [72] |
Term | Location of origin | Targeted demographic | Meaning origin and notes | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Abdul, Abdool | India | Muslims | Derives from the common Muslim name Abdul. | [73] |
Bougnoule | French | Muslims | French word usually used for African-American, black people and Muslim. | [74] |
Chuslim | India | Muslims | The portmanteau of the words 'Chus' and 'Muslim,' derived from 'chus' or 'chusna' (meaning 'to suck' in Hindi/Urdu), often used in internet forums and social media to mock or insult Indian Muslims. | [75] |
Jihadi | India | Muslims, especially fundamentalist Jihadists | Derives from jihad . | [76] |
Kadrun | Indonesia | Islamic fundamentalism and reactionaries. Sometimes Jokowi opposition although different religion | Portmanteau of kadal gurun meaning 'desert lizard'. Originated as a social media political insult, the term is used for closed-minded Muslims influenced by Islamic extremism and fundamentalism from the Middle East. | [77] [78] |
Kala, Kaliya | Myanmar | Rohingyas, Muslims | Term meaning 'black' in various Indo-Aryan languages, referring to the dark skin colour of South Asian Muslims. The term originally was targeted at all Muslims of South Asia, but more recently is used as a slur directly against Rohingyas due to their perceived Bangladeshi origin. | [79] |
Kanglu | Bangladesh | Bengali Muslims | Used to denote Bengali refugees, now often in the context of Indian nationalism or regional conflicts. The term has been employed in online forums and social media, where it is used to stereotype or belittle Bangladeshi people, usually by associating them with poverty or immigration issues. | [80] |
Katwa, Katwe, Katuve, Katua, K2a, K2o, k2wa, kto | India | Muslim men | Derives from the Hindi/Urdu for 'cut' referring to circumcision, a common practice among Muslim men. Used to mock Muslims, often in the context of religious tensions. It is often associated with the Islamophobic and communal rhetoric that has been a part of online discourse in India in recent years, especially in religious polarization. | [76] [81] |
Khatmal | Pakistan | Sh īʿi Muslims | Derives from the Urdu word for 'bedbug,' this term is used to dehumanize Shīʿites by portraying them as bloodsucking parasites. | [82] |
Miya | Assam, India | Bengali Muslims | Derives from the honorific Mian | [83] |
Mulla, Mullah, Kathmulla, Sulla, Bulla | India | Muslims | Derives from mullah , a common title for Islamic religious scholars. Kathmulla is a derogatory slang term was first used by BJP spokesperson Sambit Patra during a television debate in 2018. The term was later frequently used by Yogi Adityanath, the current Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh, in interviews and public speeches in 2022. | [73] [75] [84] |
Muklo | Philippines | Filipino Muslims (especially among Bangsamoro ethnic groups) | First used by soldiers of the Armed Forces of the Philippines stationed in Mindanao as an ethnic slur towards the Muslim Moro insurgents. | [85] |
Muzzie | Australia | Muslims | A shortened version of the word Muslim. | [86] |
Namazi, Andhnamazi | India | Muslims | Derives from namaz, the Persian word for obligatory daily prayers usually used instead of salah in the Indian subcontinent. | [76] |
Peaceful, peacefools, pissful, shantidoot | India | Muslims | Derives from the common statement that Islam is a "religion of peace". Sometimes the Hindi word "shantidoot" (Messenger of Peace) is used. | [73] |
Osama | North America | Islamic men | From Osama bin Laden. | [87] |
Qadiani | Pakistan | Ahmadiyya | The term originates from Qadian, a small town in present-day Indian Punjab, the birthplace of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, the founder of the Ahmadiyya movement. The use of Qadiani is primarily in Pakistan. The term has even been used in official Pakistani documents. It is also known as the Q-word. | [88] [89] [90] |
Rafida, Rawafid | Arab peninsula | Sh īʿi Muslims(regardless of race) | Term originally denoting extremist Shīʿites who reject (rafḍ) the caliphates of Abu Bakr and ʿUmar; often employed by critics as a slur against those Shīʿi Muslims who do not criticize the first three Caliphs, but only believe in "Alī’s right to the caliphate over Muʿāwiyah". | [91] |
Raghead | North America | Islamic turban wearers | From Islamic wearing of turbans. | [87] [92] |
Safavid | Iraq | Feyli Kurds | Mainly used by higher class Sunni Arabs during Ba'athist Iraq to insult Feyli Kurds for their belief in Shia Islam | [93] |
Paki | United Kingdom | Muslims | Derived from common country of origin, word is now used in extension to be anti-Muslim. | [94] |
Terrorist | United States | Muslims | Used by radical anti-Islamists, due to anti-Muslim sentiments following September 11 attacks and subsequently ISIS attacks. | [95] |
Hajji, Hadji, Haji | United States | Muslims | Derived from the honorific Al-Hajji, the title given to a Muslim who has completed the Hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca). | [96] [97] |
Wahhabi | Muslim world | Salafis | Derived from the name of its founder Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab, it is used by opponents of his teachings in a derogatory way to refer to his followers, namely the Salafis. | [98] |
Nusayri | Muslim world | Alawites | Derived from the name of the founder of the group, Ibn Nusayr. | [99] |
Term | Location of origin | Targeted demographic | Meaning origin and notes | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sanghi | India | Hindus, especially supporters of fundamentalist Hindu-nationalist groups affiliated with RSS. | A term often used to describe Hindus associated with the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS). While "Sanghi" can simply refer to a supporter of the RSS, it is frequently used in a derogatory manner to criticize those perceived as extreme right-wing Hindu nationalists, or those practicing 'Pseudo-Hindutva' — adopting Hindu nationalist rhetoric for political or personal gain without genuine adherence to its core principles | [100] [101] [102] |
Bongal | Assam, India | Bengali Hindus | The term is a derogatory slur used primarily in Assam, India, to refer to Bengali Hindus, labeling them as foreigners or outsiders. | [103] [104] |
Cow piss drinker, piss drinker, Gaumutra | South Asia | Hindus | Referring to the practice of drinking gomutra, or cow urine, as a folk medicine advocated by some Hindu groups. However, the practice is misleading for several reasons. | [105] |
Malaun | Bangladesh | Bengali Hindus | Derived from Bengali মালাউন (maalaaun), which in turn was derived from Arabic ملعون (mal'un), which means 'cursed' or deprived from God's mercy. | [106] [107] [108] |
Dothead | Europe | Hindu women | Referring to the practice of applying bindis, a dot-like marking used by married women. Also the namesake of a terrorist group from New Jersey that murdered Indians known as the Dotbusters. | [109] |
Pajeet | Europe, North America | Hindus, and other South Asians | A derogatory racist slur used in some parts of America and western countries to target Hindus, and other South Asians | [110] [111] [112] [113] |
Term | Location of origin | Targeted demographic | Meaning origin and notes | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Buddhahead | United States | Buddhist, specially Asian people | Also used by mainland Japanese Americans to refer to Hawaiian Japanese Americans since World War II. | [114] [115] |
Term | Location of origin | Targeted demographic | Meaning origin and notes | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Khalistani | India | Sikhs | The term is used to stigmatize certain extremist Sikhs who advocate for a separate Sikh homeland, called Khalistan. | [116] |
Lassi | India, Pakistan | Sikhs | In reference to the famous Punjabi beverage Lassi which is a term used to denigrate Sikhs and Punjabis in general. | [117] [92] [118] |
Raghead, Towelhead | United States, Canada | Sikh turban wearers | In reference to the Sikh practice of wearing dastar (turban) | [119] |
Term | Location of origin | Targeted demographic | Meaning origin and notes | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Fire-worshipper | Iran and elsewhere | Zoroastrians | Referring to Zoroastrians' veneration of fire as sacred. | [120] |
Term | Location of origin | Targeted demographic | Meaning origin and notes | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Devil-worshipper | the Muslim world and elsewhere | Yazidis | Due to confusion of the Peacock Angel of Yazidi belief with Satan. | [121] |
Term | Location of origin | Targeted demographic | Meaning origin and notes | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Clam | United States | Scientologists | Referring to a passage about clam engrams in L. Ron Hubbard's 1952 book, What To Audit, later renamed Scientology: A History of Man . | [122] |
Term | Location of origin | Targeted demographic | Meaning origin and notes | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Voodoo | United States | Vodouists, African diaspora people, particularly Haitian Americans | Used against people practicing any indigenous African religions to imply they are fraudulent and dangerous, with racialized connotations of curses and primitive superstitions. Used to justify Afrophobic legislation. | [123] |
Obeah | Jamaica | Practitioners of Obeah, Black Jamaicans | Used against practitioners of Obeah as well as people who receive services from Obeah priests. Connotation of being fraudulent, deceptive, vengeful, and uncivilized. Originally used by colonial authorities to suppress slave rebellions that were organized by Obeah spiritual leaders. Laws still exist in Jamaica criminalizing Obeah. | [124] |
Yet a danger does still remain. It is the danger of "cafeteria Christianity," which lets people mix and match traditions any way they want, without discipline and without accountability. Unless we transcend cafeteria Christianity, our practices will be more sarabaite or gyrovague than Benedictine.
Archbishop Hugo Barrantes Urena of San Jose, Costa Rica, told Costa Ricans in his Easter message to embrace the faith without conditions or short-cuts and to defend the life of the unborn against efforts to legalize abortion. The archbishop warned that "based on a relativistic understanding of the Christian faith and a conditional adherence to the Church, some Catholics seek to construct a Christianity and, consequently, a Church to their own liking, unilateral and outside the identity and mission that Jesus Christ has fundamentally given us."
As a result, whatever their chosen religion, Panjabi dalits are invariably defined by caste: either they are grouped together as 'untouchable' (or by a similarly demeaning label, such as 'Chuhra-Chamar') or they are marginalized as a sub-category of the religious tradition in question, such as 'Achut' ('untouchable') Hindu or 'Mazhabi' Sikh.
The term chuhra-chamar (scavenger and tanner) is freely employed by landlords belonging to the Jat community to refer to Dalits.
"Isai" is the most common form of address for Christians throughout northern India.
At times the emotions of the sanctified Methodists would exceed the limits of control. "Some would be seized with a trembling, and in a few moments drop on the floor as if they were dead; while others were embracing each other with streaming eyes, and all were lose in wonder, love and praise," wrote one observer. Another noted that some wept for grief while others shouted for joy "so that it was hard to distinguish one from the other." At times the congregations would "raise a great shout" that could be heard for miles around.
Holiness means different things to different people. Our church, the Free Methodist, is a "holiness" church. One doctor said to me: "Free Methodists? I know about them; they are holy rollers. They used to have camp meetings near where I grew up."
Russellite /rus"euh luyt'/, n. Offensive. a member of the Jehovah's Witnesses. [1875-80, Amer.; after C. T. Russell; see -ITE1]
russellite ˈrəsəˌlīt noun (-s) Usage: usually capitalized Etymology: Charles Taze Russell died 1916 American religious leader + English -ite : one of the Jehovah's Witnesses — often taken to be offensive
In the 1800s, Methodists were derided with the label "Shouting Methodists".
So finally abstinence from meat on Friday became just a kind of badge of the fact we were Catholics
At the meeting the appellant called Roman Catholics "rednecks," a name most insulting to them, and challenged them to get up.
ORIGIN 1930S: perhaps from Yiddish makeh, 'a plague'.
mocky adj. (Offensive slang) Jewish, of or pertaining to the Jewish religion or race in a derogatory manner
The word "shylock," [...] is an eponym from a Jewish character in Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice. [...] Today, "shylock" is considered an antisemitic slur.
NPR regrets the unacceptable tweet by New Delhi producer Furkan Khan.
"Pajeet" is also used, referring to a derogatory made-up Indian name originating on 4chan in 2015, along with several other similar, though sometimes lesser known, racist terms. Plenty of commenters resented "pajeet immigrants," described as "barely literate third worlder[s]," for "replac[ing]" striking workers in the tech industry. One Canadian user on the /pol/ board claimed the "jeet situation" in Canada was bad, and that they planned to "leave this dump" because of South Asian immigrants. Gab, a "free speech" platform with a similar interface to Twitter, saw hate speech against South Asians rise from 197 posts in January 2023 to 691 the next year, representing a staggering 251 percent increase. Comments include calling South Asians "pajeet chimps" and "paki scum" while leaning into derogatory stereotypes such as saying "pajeet still smell."
Pajeet is a racist slur in the West to mock Sikhs who often have names ending with "jeet".
First seen on 4Chan, The term "pajeet" is an ethnic slur, coined as a derisive imitation of Indian names. Typically, pajeet is used to describe Indians on the Internet — and, by default — Hindus. John Earnest, the white supremacist shooter of the Chabad Synagogue in San Diego, 2019, had referenced "pajeets" in this manifesto. This slur has also been used by white supremacists in white nationalist podcasts in reference to violent, murderous fantasies about Indians.
Muslims are people who adhere to Islam, a monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic tradition. They consider the Quran, the foundational religious text of Islam, to be the verbatim word of the God of Abraham as it was revealed to Muhammad, the last Islamic prophet. Alongside the Quran, Muslims also believe in previous revelations, such as the Tawrat (Torah), the Zabur (Psalms), and the Injeel (Gospel). These earlier revelations are associated with Judaism and Christianity, which are regarded by Muslims as earlier versions of Islam. The majority of Muslims also follow the teachings and practices attributed to Muhammad (sunnah) as recorded in traditional accounts (hadith).
Pussy is an English noun, adjective, and—in rare instances—verb. It has several meanings, as slang, as euphemism, and as vulgarity. Most commonly, it is used as a noun with the meaning "cat", "coward", or "weakling". In slang, it can mean "vulva or vagina" and less commonly, by synecdoche, "sexual intercourse with a woman". Because of its multiple senses including both innocent and vulgar connotations, pussy is often the subject of double entendre.
This is a list of British words not widely used in the United States. In Commonwealth of Nations, Malaysia, Singapore, Hong Kong, Ireland, Canada, New Zealand, India, South Africa, and Australia, some of the British terms listed are used, although another usage is often preferred.
A demonym or gentilic is a word that identifies a group of people in relation to a particular place. Demonyms are usually derived from the name of the place. Demonyms are used to designate all people of a particular place, regardless of ethnic, linguistic, religious or other cultural differences that may exist within the population of that place. Examples of demonyms include Cochabambino, for someone from the city of Cochabamba; Tunisian for a person from Tunisia; and Swahili, for a person of the Swahili coast.
This glossary of names for the British include nicknames and terms, including affectionate ones, neutral ones, and derogatory ones to describe British people, Irish People and more specifically English, Welsh, Scottish and Northern Irish people. Many of these terms may vary between offensive, derogatory, neutral and affectionate depending on a complex combination of tone, facial expression, context, usage, speaker and shared past history.
LGBTQ slang, LGBTQ speak, queer slang, or gay slang is a set of English slang lexicon used predominantly among LGBTQ people. It has been used in various languages since the early 20th century as a means by which members of the LGBTQ community identify themselves and speak in code with brevity and speed to others.
In maritime transport and sailing, jury rigging or jury-rigging is making temporary makeshift running repairs with only the tools and materials on board. It originates from sail-powered boats and ships. Jury-rigging can be applied to any part of a ship; be it its super-structure, propulsion systems, or controls.
A lapsed Catholic is a Catholic who is non-practicing. Such a person may still identify as a Catholic, and remains one according to Catholic canon law.
The word "orange" is a noun and an adjective in the English language. In both cases, it refers primarily to the orange fruit and the color orange, but has many other derivative meanings.
Despite the various English dialects spoken from country to country and within different regions of the same country, there are only slight regional variations in English orthography, the two most notable variations being British and American spelling. Many of the differences between American and British or Commonwealth English date back to a time before spelling standards were developed. For instance, some spellings seen as "American" today were once commonly used in Britain, and some spellings seen as "British" were once commonly used in the United States.
People from the United States of America are known as and refer to themselves as Americans. Different languages use different terms for citizens of the United States. All forms of English refer to US citizens as Americans, a term deriving from the United States of America, the country's official name. In the English context, it came to refer to inhabitants of British America, and then the United States. There is some linguistic ambiguity over this use due to the other senses of the word American, which can also refer to people from the Americas in general. Other languages, including French, Japanese, and Russian, use cognates of American to refer to people from the United States, while others, particularly Spanish and Portuguese, primarily use terms derived from United States or North America. There are various other local and colloquial names for Americans. The name America came from the Italian navigator Amerigo Vespucci.
Orin Hargraves is an American lexicographer and writer. His language reference works include Mighty Fine Words and Smashing Expressions: Making Sense of Transatlantic English, Slang Rules!: A Practical Guide for English Learners, and Words to Rhyme With: A Rhyming Dictionary. In addition he has contributed definitions and other material to dictionaries and other language reference works issued by Oxford University Press, Cambridge University Press, Longman, Macmillan, HarperCollins, Chambers Harrap, Langenscheidt, Berlitz, Scholastic Corporation, and Merriam-Webster, among others.
Wog is a racial slur used to refer, in British English, to black and South Asian people, and, in Australian English, to people from the Mediterranean region. Whilst it is extremely derogatory in British English, in Australian English it may be considered non-offensive depending on how the word is used, due to reclamation and changing connotations.
TL;DR or tl;dr, short for "too long; didn't read", is internet slang often used to introduce a summary of an online post or news article. It is also used as an informal interjection commenting that a block of text has been ignored due to its length.